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Biomedical subjects

N S Murthy

Publications and source records attributed to N S Murthy.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Efficacy of a hospital based cytology screening program.

From 1976 to 1986, a total of 117,471 women attending gynecologic outpatient departments of six hospitals in Delhi, India, were screened cytologically. The cytodiagnosis revealed 30,399 (25.9%) normal finding, 84,889 (72.3%) inflammatory changes, 1910 (1.6%) dysplasia of various grades and 213 (0.2%) malignant lesions. Of the 213 cases detected as malignant, clinical suspicion of cervical cancer was not present in 125 women (58.7%). Histologically malignancy was confirmed in 192 women (90.1%) of the 213 cytologically diagnosed malignant cases. The diagnosis revealed 94 (49.0%) as carcinoma in situ and the rest of the cases were invasive lesions. This was in contrast to only 5.2% (10/194) of cases with carcinoma in situ seen at the cancer clinic during 1983-1986 in one of the major collaborating hospitals of Delhi. The analysis of data according to age revealed that median age at detection of mild/moderate, severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (CIS) and invasive cancers was 34.0, 37.9, 38.6, and 47.8 years, respectively, indicating a latency period of one and a half decade from the onset of precursor lesions to invasive disease. Mass population screening in our country is not feasible in the near future and this may be true also for other developing countries. In its absence cytological screening of patients attending hospitals and maternity homes can give a large yield of early cervical cancers, which are curable.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

X-ray diffraction evidence for the presence of discrete water layers on the surface of membranes.

X-ray diffraction spacings in multilayered membranes obtained from frog sciatic nerves were found to increase in discrete steps of approx. 5 A during swelling. These observed jumps in the repeat period suggest that the lipid bilayers exist in distinct states of hydration, and perhaps the swelling occurs by step-wise addition of water layers between the polar head groups. Our analysis and statistical tests of this hypothesis are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Risk factors related to biological behaviour of precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix.

In a study of factors related to cervical carcinogenesis, a cohort of 1,107 cervical dysplasia along with 1,077 controls matched for age and parity were followed up prospectively. During the follow up 75 dysplasia cases progressed to carcinoma in situ. The overall rate of progression of dysplasia to malignancy was observed to be 15.7% at the end of 108 months of follow-up. The analysis of progression rates in relation to various factors revealed significantly higher progression rates for initially higher grade of dysplastic lesions, and early age at consummation of marriage (ACM). The other factors, such as religion, literacy status of the patient, number of pregnancies, presence of cervical erosion, history of fetal loss and positivity to HSV-II antibodies, did not reveal statistical significance. The case-control comparison for detection of HPV 16/18 by in situ hybridisation revealed the presence of HPV 16/18 sequences in 67.3% of the dysplasia subjects progressed to carcinoma in situ while 27.3% of precancerous cases regressed to normalcy. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Tuberculous lymphadenitis: correlation of cellular components and necrosis in lymph-node aspirate with A.F.B. positivity and bacillary count.

Cytomorphologic features of tuberculous lymphadenitis cases as observed in lymph-node aspirates were analysed and correlated with AFB positivity and bacillary count. Cytologic features were categorized under three major groups, viz. epithelioid granuloma without necrosis, epithelioid granuloma with necrosis and necrosis without epithelioid granulomas. These three major groups showed a distinct trend in respect of their cellular constituents. While cases with appreciable lymphocytic and multinucleated giant cells component showed a significant decreasing trend, cases with neutrophilic infiltration showed an increasing trend (P less than 0.001). In the above three groups, 9.1 percent, 64.7 percent and 77.4 percent respectively showed AFB positivity, the difference being highly significant (P less than 0.001). All 14 cases with very high bacillary count (greater than 50 bacilli per 500 oil immersion field) were associated with necrosis and 71.4% of them neutrophilic infiltration. A univariate analysis revealed that in presence of lymphocytes, epithelioid cells and Langhan's giant cells, AFB positivity was significantly lower while the picture was just the reverse in presence of necrosis and neutrophilic infiltration (P less than 0.001). The odd's rations for all these variables were highly significant (P less than 0.001). However, a multivariate regression analysis revealed that necrosis was the only independent contributing factor towards AFB positivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Cancer projection by the turn of century-Indian science.

This is an attempt to understand the magnitude of cancer problem in India. The incidence data generated by the three population based cancer registries at Bangalore, Bombay and Madras and the population projections of country have been utilised for estimating the present and future load of new cancer cases. It is estimated that the total number of incident cases in males increased from 0.29 million to 0.43 million by the turn of the century as a result of change in size and composition of population and when adjusted for tobacco habits the estimates increased to 0.49 million. In females the incident cases of cancer for three registries increased from 0.32 to 0.42 million by 2001, with cancer of uterine cervix and breast being the major problems. The above results show an urgent need for strengthening and augmenting the existing diagnostic/treatment facilities which are vow fully inadequate to tackle even the present load.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Risk for development of cancer in three urban areas of India.

The probability of developing cancer by using life table approach has been computed for the population of three metropolitan cities of India based on data of population based cancer registries located at Bangalore, Bombay and Madras. It was observed that the risk for development of malignancy of all sites from 20 to 64 years ranged from 4.73% to 5.28% in males, whereas it was 6.76% to 9.18% in females. The increased risk in females was mainly due to the high risk of development of cancer of the uterine cervix and breast. The available morbidity indices such as cumulative incidence rate and cumulative risk do not account for the mortality experiences of population. The present exercise will be useful in evaluating the changes in the disease spectrum as a result of change in the mortality experiences and population structure.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Small family norm and uterine cervical cancer.

Carcinoma of the cervix is known to have a multifactorial etiology and several factors are implicated in increasing the risk of eventual development of cervical malignancy in a woman. This communication attempts to highlight the small family norms in the prevention of uterine cervical cancer. Data on 117,411 cytologically screened women were considered in which 215 women were found to have cervical cancer. Age adjusted rates of malignancy per 100,000 women in three parity groups (0-2, 3-4 and 5+) were 91.1, 174.4 and 393.1 respectively. An increasing trend of malignancy was noticed with increasing parity in women who had their consummation of marriage before 18 years as well as after 18 years. It may be concluded that the small family norm (only two children) being advocated as a part of a national family welfare program would be another primary prevention measure against uterine cervical cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Condylomatous lesion (HPV infection) of uterine cervix. A clinical, colposcopic, cyto, histomorphological and immunohistochemical study.

43, patients, subjected to cervical cytology, colposcopy and colposcopic directed biopsy, were found to have lesions suggestive of human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection by one or more parameters. Immunohistochemical staining for HPV antigen yielded positive results in 23 (53.5 p. cent) cases. Amongst 30 cases with HPV lesions both in cytology and histopathology, 19 (63.3 p. cent) were positive for the HPV antigen. This was significantly higher as compared to the groups where HPV lesion was observed in cytology or histology alone (p = 0.05). The rate of positivity was the highest (81.3 p. cent) in a group of 16 patients having low grade dysplasia (mild to moderate) and both cytology and histologic evidence of koilocytotic changes. Presence or absence of HPV lesion by colposcopic examination in these 43 cases did not make any significant difference in rate of antigen positivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Chromosomal phenotypes in patients with precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix progressed to cancer during follow-up.

A cytogenetical analysis of chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), C-band heteromorphisms and nucleolar organizer regions was done in lymphocytes of 30 patients with precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix progressed to carcinoma and of 30 patients with nonprogressed lesions in a period of 60 months follow-up, in order to identify if any differences existed between low-risk and high-risk dysplasias. Increased frequency of chromosomal breaks, SCEs and C-band heteromorphisms of chromosome 1 and decreased activity of ribosomal genes was observed in patients with dysplasias progressed to carcinoma compared to that of nonprogressed precancerous lesions. The present study thus suggests an intimate relationship between the constitutional chromosomal phenotypes and development of cancer, and these may serve as useful biological markers in defining dysplasias at high risk to progress to cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Randomised controlled trial of effect of raw and holder pasteurised human milk and of formula supplements on incidence of neonatal infection.

Supplementary formula feeds inhibited the protective effect of expressed raw and pasteurised human milk in 226 high-risk neonates in a randomised controlled trial. The infection rate in the group given pasteurised human milk and formula (33%) was significantly higher than the rates in the groups given raw human milk (10.5%), pasteurised human milk (14.3%), and raw human milk and formula (16%). This accords with the impressions that some of the association of infection with artificial feeding is partly attributable to the lack of the protective effect of human milk. Heating expressed human milk to 62.5 degrees C for 30 min significantly reduces its protective effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

X-ray scattering studies of a model complex of lipid and basic protein of myelin.

Low-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering data from phosphatidylglycerol complexed with myelin basic protein, poly(L-lysine) and calcium ions are analyzed. The results confirm our earlier report (Brady, G.W., Murthy, N.S., Fein, D.B., Wood, D.D. and Moscarello, M.A. (1981) Biophys. J. 34, 345-350) that the basic protein interacts primarily with the polar headgroups of the lipid; and that at high protein concentrations (greater than 35%) the bilayers aggregate to form multilayers with a repeat period of 68 A, the single bilayer to multilayer transition being a cooperative process. Polylysine and Ca2+ produce multilayers with a smaller repeat of approx. 55 A. Basic protein and polylysine do not change the fluid-like arrangement of the hydrocarbon chains (diffuse 4.6 A peak in the wide-angle pattern), whereas Ca2+ probably induces a two-dimensional order (4.3 A and 3.9 A peak in the wide-angle pattern). Electron density profiles of the lipid and lipid-basic protein vesicles indicate that the basic protein penetrates into the bilayer.

Calcium↗