Temporal patterns of veterans' psychiatric service utilization, disability payments, and cocaine use.
This study examined temporal patterns of service utilization, disability benefits, and substance use. Specifically, it investigated whether the first day of the first week of each month (when disability payments are disbursed) was associated with increased emergency room (ER) use and more frequent cocaine use among psychiatric patients. All 1993 psychiatric ER presentations (n=1,448) at a Veterans Administration hospital were reviewed in order by the week of each month in which they occurred. A random subsample of only those admitted to an inpatient psychiatric service (n=143) was further assessed for amount of disability payments received and recent cocaine use. This study found that for the total population of patients utilizing the ER, most ER visits occurred during the first week, followed by weeks two, three, and four respectively. The highest percentage (49%) of patients who used cocaine were those admitted during the first week of the month, followed by week two (39%), week four (28%) and week three (25%). For the subsample of patients admitted to inpatient services, patients hospitalized during the fourth week of the month were those receiving the highest disability payments. This study found that cocaine users have the most ER visits during the first week of the month following receipt of benefits. Current data, if confirmed, would suggest public policy changes, such as payment of entitlement money to cocaine users through a third-party payee and stipulated treatment for psychiatric patients with substance use disorders as a condition of payment. Ethical and political issues, including confidentiality and patient autonomy, would need to be considered in any such policy changes.