Pure-tone perception and ear advantages in dichotic listening.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
N Reynolds
Publications and source records attributed to N Reynolds.
Effects of diflunisal on platelet function and fecal blood loss.
The effects of diflunisal, a nonacetylated difluorinated salicylate, on platelet function were compared with those of aspirin and placebo. In a randomized, double-blind trial, normal subjects were given diflunisal, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg twice daily; aspirin, 650 or 1,300 mg twice daily; or placebo for 8-day periods. Difunisal, 250 mg, had no effect on platelet function, whereas 500 mg induced minimal inhibition of colagen-induced release of platelet serotonin, and 1,000 mg inhibited platelet malondialdehyde production, moderately prolonged template bleeding times (P = NS), and increased fecal blood loss (P less than 0.05). In contrast, aspirin, 650 mg, markedly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and serotonin release, and 1,300 mg prolonged bleeding time (P less than 0.01) and increased fecal blood loss (P less than 0.01). The effects of aspirin lasted for up to 5 days, whereas changes induced by diflunisal had returned to baseline 24 hr after the drug was discontinued. We conclude that in doses in the same range as those of aspirin diflunisal inhibits platelet function less.
Adult↗
Heparin immune thrombocytopenia: evidence for a heparin-platelet complex as the antigenic determinant.
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Binding Sites↗
Double-antibody radioimmunoassay for factor VIII-related antigen.
A plasma protein required for the support of ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was isolated from antihemophilic factor concentrate and radiolabeled with 125I. A double-antibody radioimmunoassay was developed, with use of specific rabbit anti-VIII related antigen serum and goat anti-rabbit globulin. The assay is sensitive, reproducible, and technically simple to perform. Values obtained in normal subjects ranged from 0.65 to 1.53 units, similar to our normal range for VIII coagulant activity (0.67-1.43 units). However, normal or increased values of VIII-related antigen were observed in VIII coagulant-deficient hemophiliacs. Also, concentrations of VII-related antigen significantly exceeded coagulant concentrations in several patients with liver disease or disseminated intravascular coagulation, or both. Of a broad selection of congenital coagulation disorders examined, only patients with von Willebrand's disease had decreased VIII-related antigen concentrations, and these corresponded to the lowered concentration of ristocetin cofactor in the patients. In three transfused patients, VII-related antigen values correlated with the concentration of the cofactor. Our results suggest that the radioimmunoassay of VIII-related antigen is a simple and valuable adjunct in the study of patients with clotting abnormalities.
Animals↗
Prevention priority--dental health education in the schools.
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Health Education, Dental↗
Potential hazards of excluded bowel and use of parenteral nutrition: a case report.
This case demonstrates that excluded gut may be a reservoir for bacterial translocation and recurrent sepsis. Translocation may contribute to cholestatic hepatitis, and restoration of bowel continuity is fundamental to reversing these pathologic changes. It also emphasizes that parenteral nutrition even when used as interim supportive treatment is not without serious hazard.
Bacteremia↗
Assessment of distal tip position of long-term central venous feeding catheters using transesophageal echocardiology.
BACKGROUND: Central vein catheter position is a vital element in promoting longevity and minimizing adverse events associated with long-term parenteral nutrition. Traditionally, position has been verified using a chest radiograph. However, this mode of assessment has limitations as the catheter is placed in a dynamic system subject to forces from changes in posture and diaphragmatic movement. METHODS: We compared the reported position using a chest x-ray compared with assessment using transesophageal echocardiology (TOE) in 9 patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. The x-ray was reported by a radiologist unaware of the study. RESULTS: There were discordant results in 7 of the 9 cases with catheter tip placed in the right atrium or impinging in the tricuspid valve which was not evident from the chest x-ray. TOE offered greater information of catheter tip position and relationship to adjacent anatomy. CONCLUSIONS: Further work is required but this observational study suggests guidelines suggesting the use of a chest radiograph to confirm catheter position may need to be re-assessed.
Catheterization, Central Venous↗
Body fluid shifts in soldiers after a jogging/walking exercise in the heat: effects of water and electrolyte solution on rehydration.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships between dehydration and body fluid shifts and the effects of ingesting water or oral rehydration solution or no fluid during and after exercise in the heat [mean (SE)] temperature, 40.5 (0.66) degrees C and 32 (3.7)% humidity. DESIGN: PRE and POST three hours exercise comparative study. SETTING: Zimbabwe National Army Wafa-Wafa Training Camp, Kariba, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: 18 male soldiers volunteered to be studied during and after a 20 km (three hour) jogging/walking exercise in full kit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass, total body water, extracellular water, intracellular water, plasma osmolality, plasma sodium, and volume changes compared using paired t-test. RESULTS: Total body water decreased by 4.9 (0.38) 1 (p < 0.02) in soldiers exercising without fluid, 1.5 (0.3) 1 (oral rehydration solution), 2.4 (0.8) 1 (water). Extracellular water decreased by 3.6 (0.3) 1 (p < 0.05), 1.3 (0.2) 1, 1.7 (0.3) 1, and intracellular water decreased by 1.3 (0.1) 1, 0.2 (0.01) 1, 0.7 (0.01) 1 respectively in these groups. Plasma volume decreased by [mean (SE)] 16 (1.4)% on no fluid, three (0.3)% on oral rehydration solution, five (0.3)% on water. Plasma osmolality increased significantly from 285 (1.0) to 301 (2.3) mosmol.kg-1 (p < 0.001) in subjects exercising without fluid and from 283 (2.0) to 291 (0.7) mosmol.kg-1 (p < 0.02) in subjects taking oral rehydration solution. No significant increases were observed when taking water only. CONCLUSIONS: During dehydration, total body water loss was derived from both fluid compartments but extracellular water contributed the most. Effective rehydration depends on adequate replacement of electrolytes lost from each fluid compartment. Water alone may not provide adequate rehydration.
Adult↗
Effects of diflunisal on platelet function and fecal blood loss.
The effects of diflunisal, a nonacetylated difluorinated salicylate, on platelet function were compared with those of aspirin and placebo. In a randomized, double-blind trial, normal subjects were given diflunisal, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg twice daily; aspirin, 650 or 1,300 mg twice daily; or placebo for 8-day periods. Diflunisal, 250 mg, had no effect on platelet function, whereas 500 mg induced minimal inhibition of collagen-induced release of platelet serotonin, and 1,000 mg inhibited platelet malondialdehyde-production, moderately prolonged template bleeding times (p = NS), and increased fecal blood loss (p less than 0.05). In contrast, aspirin, 650 mg, markedly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and serotonin release, and 1,300 mg prolonged bleeding time (p less than 0.01) and increased focal blood loss (p less than 0.01). The effects of aspirin lasted for up to 5 days, whereas changes induced by diflunisal had returned to baseline 24 hours after the drug was discontinued. We conclude that in doses in the same range as those of aspirin diflunisal inhibits platelet function less.
Adult↗