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Biomedical subjects

N Principi

Publications and source records attributed to N Principi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Total intravenous hyperalimentation (TIH) complications in childhood: a radiological survey.

Sixty consecutive patients, except for one 7-year-old patient, their ages varying from 1 day to 12 months received total intravenous hyperalimentation (TIH). It was possible to observe non-pathological catheter malpositions and, in 14 patients, other complications. The most serious complications observed included the following: thrombus and pericatheter thrombus calcification; superior vena cava thrombotic occlusion; hydrothorax; mediastinal effusion; generalized septic arthritis; venous transfixion with flooding of the soft tissues of the neck; vein wall lesions; collateral vertebral circulation; and a catheter tip blocked in vein. A brief comment is given on the use of this procedure and what may happen.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1984

Early and late neutropenia in children treated with cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole).

The incidence of hematologic abnormalities was evaluated in 120 children with otitis media treated respectively with cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) (group 1), cotrimoxazole plus folinic acid (group 2) and amoxicillin (group 3) in therapeutic doses for ten days. Only eosinophilia (an absolute count greater than or equal to 0.5 X 10(9)/l) (group 1 = 10%, 2 = 5%, 3 = 7.5%) and neutropenia (polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocyte count less than or equal to 1.5 X 10(9)/l) (group 1 = 35%, 2 = 17.5%, 3 = 13.3%) were noted. Early neutropenia (evident on the 5th day of therapy) occurred in all the treatment groups, thus it is not related to cotrimoxazole administration and in most cases neutrophil count reversed to normal in few days without drug discontinuation. Late neutropenia (evident after 10 days of treatment) appeared only in cotrimoxazole treated children (p less than 0.05). No superimposed bacterial infection was demonstrated in any case. Late neutropenia seems to be strictly related to the sequential blockage of folinic acid metabolism and can be prevented by the concomitant administration of folinic acid.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1983

N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and NAG isoenzymes in children with upper and lower urinary tract infections.

The use of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) to diagnose the site of urinary tract infection was studied in pediatric patients. Differentiation between upper and lower tract infections (UTI) was based on clinical grounds and on elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and fever. NAG excretion expressed as nmol X h-1 X mg-1 of urinary creatinine was higher in children with upper UTI (mean +/- SE 906 +/- 236) than in those with lower UTI (145 +/- 23) or healthy children (151.6 +/- 10) (p less than 0.01 by Duncan's test). In children with upper UTI, NAG excretion fell in parallel with the remission due to antibiotic treatment. This however was not seen in children treated with aminoglycosides. A specific and significant elevation (p less than 0.01) of the B isoenzyme of NAG was documented in children with upper UTI but not in those with lower UTI (B form in upper UTI 49.2% +/- 3.9 versus 21.9 +/- 3.3 in lower UTI; healthy children 18.9 +/- 3.4). The percentage of B isoenzyme excreted was high in two children with upper UTI but was low total NAG urinary excretion, suggesting that the quantification of isoenzymes offers further specificity in diagnosis. We conclude that the measurement of NAG and its isoenzymes in children with UTI provides useful information in the diagnosis of the site of infection.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1981

Control of antibiotic therapy in paediatric patients. II. Appropriateness of antibiotic choice in selected diseases.

The adequacy of antibiotic choice and the importance of the physician's knowledge of antibiotic use in causing errors in prescribing were investigated. A prospective three-month study was conducted in nine Italian pediatric hospital wards, involving every patient admitted to hospital for otitis, pneumonia or pharyngotonsillitis. The suspected aetiology and the antibiotic prescribed were recorded on a special form by the physician in charge. Each choice of antimicrobial agent was judged as adequate, justifiable or not justified. Out of 314 prescriptions 56.1% were assessed as adequate, 4.1% as justifiable and 39.8% as not justified. Analysis of the suspected bacteria, and of the correlation between the presumed aetiological agent and the prescribed antibiotic, demonstrates that inadequate knowledge of the physician plays a major role in producing a high percentage of unjustified prescriptions.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Control of antibiotic therapy in pediatric patients. I. A computer system to collect and analyze antibiotic prescriptions in hospitals.

A computer system to record and analyze antibiotic prescriptions in hospitalized children is described. This system is especially organized in order to obtain simultaneously a quantitative evaluation of antibiotic use and a qualitative analysis of the process by which the physician makes his decision for therapy. The practical employment of this program has been demonstrated by analyzing 765 prescriptions given in nine different pediatric hospital wards. Many errors of prescription have been demonstrated: antibiotic therapy was based on the clinical impression alone in 31.5% of the prescriptions, antibiotic choice was rational in 20.1% and the posology prescribed complied with the usually applied schemes in 22.4%. Finally, the physician's attitude regarding laboratory monitoring of side effects was adequate in 52.8% before treatment and 33.4% during antibiotic treatment.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

The role of zinc in total parenteral nutrition.

Zinc deficiency was observed in an infant receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for chronic untractable diarrhoea. Clinical findings included low zinc plasma levels, skin lesions and loss of all the advantages of TPN such as weight gain, serum proteins and albumin increase and normalization of intestinal mucosa. Oral administration of zinc sulphate was the decisive factor making possible both the improvement of clinical and laboratory findings and alimentation by natural route.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1979

Correlation between age and plasma level/dosage ratio for phenobarbital in infants and children.

123 plasma concentration measurements of phenobarbital were obtained from 82 children (2 months - 6 1/2 years old) at steady-state conditions. The plasma level/dosage ratio has been found to have a highly significant correlation with the age of the patient both for dosage in mg/kg and in mg/m2. The ratio increases with the increase in the age of the patient at a rate which is greater for dosages expressed on the basis of body weight. Moreover, at least for body weight related dosages, this increase is relatively high in the first year of life, becoming less marked after. Practical indications are given about the required dosage of phenobarbital in different groups of ages from 2 months to 6 1/2 years. It is recommended however to regularly measure the plasma level of the drug in infants and children treated for long periods of time.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of urinary tract infections in children with a single daily dose of gentamicin.

21 children with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) due to bacteria resistant to the usual antiinfectious drugs were examined to evaluate whether their UTI could be effectively treated with a single daily administration of gentamicin (2.5 mg/kg i.m.) for ten days. From the data obtained it may be concluded that such a scheme of therapy is effective in all cases as far as urine sterilization is concerned during therapy, regardless of the site of infection. However, urine culture controls, 10 and 30 days after therapy was discontinued, showed a further infection in 3 out of 7 children with upper UTI, Since in urine of all our patients the antibiotic level was well above the minimal inhibitory concentration for the infective bacteria, the different therapeutic response could be related to an inadequate antibiotic concentration at the renal interstitial site.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1975

Placental transfer to diazepam and its disposition in the newborn.

Diazepam (DZ) placental transfer in pregnant women at term, following single or repeated drug administration by various routes, was evaluated. DZ and its metabolite N-demethyldiazepam (NDZ) were constantly present in umbilical cord plasma at concentrations comparable to the mother's shortly after drug administration. N-methyloxazepam (MOX) was detected in cord plasma only in a limited number of cases following chronic DZ treatment. Postmortem analysis of fetal tissue concentrations showed accumulation of NDZ in heart and lungs. Differences in NDZ concentrations between venous cord (VC) and arterial cord (AC) plasms suggest metabolic degradation of DZ in the fetus. The DZ apparent plasma half-life in the newborn was found to be longer (31 plus or minus 2 hr) than previously observed in infants and children. The low drug clearance appears to be linked to reduced urinary excretion of hydroxylated metabolites, suggesting limited capability to dispose of DZ in the newborn.

Administration, Oral↗