Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N P Voronina.
A clinical study showed that 2 types of changes in electrophoretic spectrum of alkaline phosphatase (AIP) isoforms are distinguished in the chorion of delivered placenta after gestosis. In type I new AIP isoforms appear, while in type II some AIP isoforms disappear or are united in one, which reflects the development of adaptation or pathological processes in the fetoplacental system.
The levels of phosphomonoesterases (acid and alkaline) in chorions of born placenta, measured by the histochemical method, reflect various phases of the pathological process in gestosis. Adaptive changes in the structure and function, paralleled by increased phosphomonoesterase activities, are replaced by decompensation, formation of destructive and necrobiotic processes, combined with suppressed phosphomonoesterase activities in stubborn severe complications of pregnancy.
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The effect of intensive physical exercise (swimming for 3 hours with a load of 4% body weight) on the function of hepatic, pulmonary and peritoneal macrophages has been studied in rats and mice. NBT values in alveolar and peritoneal macrophages of the experimental animals proved to be 1.5 and 1.6 times higher than in the controls. The activity of cathepsin D in the liver, lung and Kupffer cells was greater than the control values. The data obtained indicate that intensive physical exercise caused depression in phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells, the major compartment of the reticuloendothelial system, whereas a similar function in lung macrophages was even greater than in the controls and in peritoneal macrophages changed but insignificantly.
Two, twenty-four and 48 h after hydrocortisone treatment in a dose of 125 mg/kg bw the blood clearance rate for colloidal carbon particles in rats turned to be 2, 2.1. and 1.6 times less whereas that for 51Cr-SRBC in CBA mice 2.1, 2.2 and 1.7 times less as compared to untreated controls. Within 24 and 72 h after hormone injection the efficacy of red blood cell uptake by Kupffer cells decreased 1.35 and 1.8 times whereas the similar uptake by lung or spleen macrophages changed but insignificantly and that by bone marrow cells was even greater than in controls. Toward the 5th day after zymosan treatment the uptake capacity of Kupffer cells was the greatest whereas the plasma 11-OHCS content was 1.3-fold less versus the control values.
A study was made of lung and liver mononuclear phagocytes of rats exposed to severe cold (-7 degrees C). The data indicate the depression of mononuclear phagocytes under short-term (2 h) exposure to cold followed by activation of phagocytes, which was more demonstrable in the lungs. The phase modifications in the activity of mononuclear phagocytes were associated with accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (LPP) and destruction of alveolocytes. The different accumulation of LPP in the test organs of animals exposed to cold is regarded by the authors as a possible reason for functional differences of lung and liver macrophages.
The pulmonary tissue of rats exposed to prolonged (8 days) intensive (-7 degrees C) cold was examined for the intensity of lipid peroxidation and activity of pulmonary macrophages. The data obtained during cold exposure attest to activation of the pulmonary compartment of the system of mononuclear phagocytes. Activation of lipid peroxidation in the lungs (days 1-8) associated with inhibition of the antioxidant systems (tocopherol, glutathione) is regarded as a possible mechanism of pulmonary tissue injuring by cold which stimulates the macrophagal response. A possible role of the activated forms of oxygen produced by macrophages during lipid peroxidation stimulation is discussed.
The authors studied the effect of hydrocortisone (125 mg/kg) on blood clearance of colloidal carbon in vivo in adult female rats weighing 240-280 g. Administration of the hormone caused the depression of reticuloendothelial absorption function 2, 24 and 48 h after hormonal stimulation. The depression of the absorption ability was accompanied by a decrease in phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells, the major compartment of the reticuloendothelial system. No changes were recorded in the absorption ability of the reticuloendothelial cells after daily administration of hydrocortisone in a single dose of 12.5 mg/kg for 1, 2 and 3 weeks.
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Unilateral adrenalectomy in mice on pregnancy day 14 stimulates activity of alkaline phosphomonoesterase in placenta on pregnancy day 21. This is often accompanied with changes in the enzyme activity in fetal liver, kidneys, bone, intestine. Additional isoforms of alkaline phosphomonoesterase appear in the electrophoretic spectrum.
Intensive physical loading (swimming for 3.5 hours with a load amounting to 4% of body weight for rats and for 1 hour without a load for mice) reduced 5-6-fold the clearing function of the mononuclear phagocyte system of untrained animals. The absorption function of Kupffer's cells diminished 2-fold, whereas clearance through macrophages of the lung interstitium was activated. Kupffer's cells of trained animals (daily swimming for 1 hour for 10 days) acquired tolerance to loading. Preliminary administration of zymosan (3-14 days before intensive physical loading) increased the animals' resistance to stress 2-3-fold.
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The paper shows that alkaline phosphatase activity tends to decrease in the hepatic extracts, in the intestine, significantly in the blood serum and to increase in the kidneys and significantly in the bone in mice 7 days after adrenalectomy, which coincides with the changes in the amount and activity of rapidly migrating alkaline phosphatase isoforms during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Pregnancy in animals enhances alkaline phosphatase activity in the extracts of organs and tissues; adrenalectomy made on day 13-14 of pregnancy does not cause so noticeable differences as in the control group.