Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N P Elinov.
It was shown that the effect of polysaccharides such as hetero- and homoglycans, polyuronides and neutral polysaccharides on the functional status of macrophages was different by the activation level. The activity of the polysaccharides depended on the charge and polymeric properties of the molecules, glycoside bond configuration and supermolecular structure.
Characteristics of the fraction composition of extracellular mannan produced by Rhodotorula rubra are presented. Various lots of the polysaccharide mainly contained two fractions similar by their chemical structures and differing in the solution relative viscosity. HPLC was used for determining the molecular weight of the samples. In the isolated fractions it differed 3-5 fold. Relationship between the fibrinolytic activity of the polysaccharide and its molecular weight was revealed. The samples of mannan with the molecular weight of 400-500 kD had the highest capacity for lowering the fibrinogen blood levels in rats. The polysaccharide with the molecular weight of less than 100 kD had practically no fibrinolytic activity.
Physicochemical characteristics of several aubazidan lots were studied. It was shown that the polysaccharide drug consisted of three fractions. This means that aubazidan is a polydisperse polymer. The polysaccharide structure and properties such as solubility, velocity and optical parameters markedly depended on the cultivation conditions of the organism producing aubazidan. This could be due to different activity of the enzyme responsible for synthesis of the aubazidan molecule.
Pathogenic fungi form different carbohydrases belonging to exo- and endo-types mostly. There is a wider range of glycanases of pathogenic and facultatively pathogenic fungi which are capable of living in the free nature. The role of carbohydrases as aggressive factors of the corresponding agents of mycotic processes is increasing under a pronounced disbalance of carbohydrates in macroorganisms.
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The antimicrobial effect of cationic and anionic surface-active substances, i.e. catamine AB and sulphonol NP-3 respectively was studied in vitro with respect to gramnegative bacteria. In non-bactericidal concentrations catamine AB significantly increased the efficacy of tetracyclines, while the anionic compound had no such effect. The increase in the tetracycline activity was due to the antibiotic increased absorption (14C-oxytetracycline as an example) on the treatment of gramnegative bacteria with catamine AB and staphylococci with catamine AB and sulphonol NP-3, which was mainly associated with impairement of the cell membrane permeability by the surface-active substances.
A study was made of the influence of yeast polysaccharides of definite structure and mol wt on the accumulation of anitbody forming cells (AFC) in the spleen of mice belonging to different strains. Yeast mannans Rh. rubra and Sp. species, and also glucan Aur. pullulans with all or chiefly beta-bonds between the monosaccharide units were capable of activating the cell antibody formation, this being expressed in increased AFC production in the animals with a high immune reaction to the administration of sheep red blood cells and in the intensification of the immune response in mice with a low reaction to the antigen administered. The activity of dextrans directly depended on their mol wt. Besides, there was revealed a different reaction to polysaccharides in the animals of different genotypes.
The influence of catamine AB, sulfonol NP-3, sodium alkylsulfate homologues (C10-C16) and of syntanol DT-7 on the reaction of fibrin formation under the action of the partially purified coagulase was studied. Catamine and sulfonol inhibited the velocity of the reaction in the the concentrations over 0.002 and 0.01%, respectively. A reduction of the rate of reaction with catamine occurred chiefly as a result of the enzyme inactivation, whereas sulfonal influenced the intermediate products of the reaction. Inhibition of the rate of the reaction with the sodium alkylsulfate homologues was enhanced with the increase of the alkyl radical length and was the greatest for the tetradecyl sulfate sodium. Syntanol failed to influence the enzyme activity, but increased its amount in the staphylococcus culture on the medium with subbacteriostatic concentrations of sulfactants. Catamine, sulfonol and, to a lesser extent, syntanol retarded the coagulation process of human citrate plasma with pathogenic staphylococcus.
Anti-Influenza and interferonogenic activity of polysaccharides from the glucane class produced extracellularly by the yeast-like organism Aureobasidium pollulans was studied on albino mice. The polysaccharides differed from each other by the branching level and content of bonds beta-C1-C3 and alpha-C1-C between the monomers. At the moment of the drugs administration to the albino mice the level of the early interferon was in correlation with the following 2 factors: the level of the polysaccharide branching and the percentage of bonds beta-C1-C3, while the amount of interferon produced in 24 hours correlated only with the percentage of bonds beta-C1-C4. The anti-influenza activity of the polysaccharides depended on the level of interferon production induced by them in the mice. Preparations stimulating production of sufficient amounts of both early and later interferon had the maximum activity.
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The protease from Aspergillus terricola (terrilytin) was isolated and purified by the ion exchange method and by gel chromatography. The data on its molecular weight, isoelectric point, N-terminal amino acids were described. The protease included polysaccharide which stabilized the enzyme activity under the storage and lyophylization. Polysaccharides isolated from different fungi and yeasts were found to stabilize and activate terrilytin rising the affinity of enzyme to substrate. Terrilytin was revealed to exhibit the thrombolytic effect and expressive affinity to the fibrin in comparison with other substrates of high and low molecular weight. The enzyme showed the antigenic activity. From immune rabbit sera 7S gamma-globulins inhibiting proteolysis of caseine and 19S gamma-globulins activating the proteolysis of fibrin and fibrinogen by terrilytin were isolated by gel chromatography.
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