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Biomedical subjects

N Okazaki

Publications and source records attributed to N Okazaki.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Ultrasonographic differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic liver cancer.

Ultrasonographic features of tumor nodules in 64 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 87 with metastatic liver cancer were analyzed for differential diagnosis. Sonographic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma were the mosaic, posterior echo enhancement, and lateral shadow patterns, which were rarely observed in metastatic liver cancers. Small hepatocellular carcinomas, less than 3 cm in diameter, showed a hypoechoic pattern. Metastatic liver cancers originating from the gastrointestinal tract were frequently hyperechoic irrespective of their size and the bull's-eye-like pattern was specific for metastases from the lung. These results indicate that ultrasonography is useful for the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1987

Association of HLA-DR with sarcoidosis. Correlation with clinical course.

HLA-DR typing was performed in 58 Japanese patients with sarcoidosis. We found a significantly increased frequency of HLA-DRw52 (p less than 0.0007; pc less than 0.009) and DR5J (p less than 0.004; pc less than 0.05). (Corrected probability value is given as pc.) In 34 of 58 patients the disease resolved spontaneously. There was no significant difference between the frequency of DRw52 and the resolution rate of disease. The frequency of DR5J was increased significantly in the unresolved cases. Our results also suggest that DRw52 is concerned with onset of sarcoidosis and DR5J antigen has an effect on the clinical course of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical investigation of carbohydrate antigen CA-50].

The CA-50 enzyme immunoassay kit (EIA kit) that has been developed with the use of C-50 monoclonal antibody prepared by L. Lindholm et al. was evaluated for diagnosis of human cancer. The levels of CA-50 in the sera were determined using this kit supplied from Mitsui Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Co. in 759 healthy donors, 728 patients with benign disease and 1,263 untreated patients with cancer. A CA-50 concentration of 40 U/ml of serum was used as the cut-off value. Patients with pancreatic cancer and patients with bile duct cancer had high positive incidence of 75% and 68%, respectively, compared with a low positive incidence of under 40% in patients with other cancers. On the other hand, positive rates in patients with benign disease were as low as 13%. Comparison of the serum levels of CA-50 with CA19-9 in the same samples did not exhibit complete positive correlation in patients with pancreatic cancer, patients with bile duct cancer and patients with liver cancer. These findings indicated that C-50 antibody reacted with two epitopes of CA19-9 and sialosyllactotetraose. From the above results, the usefulness of CA-50 as a tumor marker for pancreatic cancer and bile duct cancer was recognized with this EIA kit.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic carcinoma].

The effect of cis-diamminedichloro platinum (II) (CDDP) was evaluated in 14 patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Prior chemotherapy was done in 7 cases and the remaining 7 were fresh cases. The drug was given at a dose of 80 mg/m2 I.V. every 3 weeks, with hydration and mannitol diuresis. Four cases out of 14 showed no change, while the remaining 10 cases showed progressive disease. The response rate was 0%. Most of the patients who showed myelosuppression had received prior chemotherapy. Non-hematologic toxicity occurred in 9 patients (64%) and consisted of nausea in 9, vomiting in 7 and anorexia in 9. Values of serum creatinine and BUN were transiently elevated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Ciliated-cell adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.

An autopsy case of ciliated-cell adenocarcinoma of the pancreas was reported. A 65-year-old man, who had undergone subtotal gastrectomy because of advanced gastric carcinoma 6 years previously, died of obstructive jaundice. The autopsy revealed a primary tumor in the head of the pancreas and multiple metastatic foci in the liver, lungs, and regional lymph nodes. Histologically, the pancreatic tumor was moderately differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma with well developed cilia. The metastatic tumor also showed similar histology. Histologic and ultrastructural features of the tumor were described in detail and the cytogenesis of ciliated-cell adenocarcinoma was briefly discussed.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1986

Angiography of small hepatocellular carcinomas: analysis of 105 resected tumors.

One hundred five hepatocellular carcinomas less than 5 cm in diameter were resected in 75 patients. The tumors were studied with respect to their detection rate by angiography and their angiographic features. Angiography identified 86 (82%) of the 105 lesions, missing 19 (18%). The findings included tumor vessels (70%) and tumor staining (76%). Pathologic analysis of the 19 undetected lesions showed that 74% of them were smaller than 2 cm in diameter and that they were well-differentiated carcinomas. Forty percent of 100 lesions were in the anterosuperior subsegment of the right lobe.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Systemic chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma].

One hundred and twenty-three patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 4 patients with hepatoblastoma were treated with systemic chemotherapy, and then one patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and 4 patients with hepatoblastoma underwent hepatectomy. Preoperative chemotherapy was evaluated to have been successful in the patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 of the 4 patients with hepatoblastoma. In the former, marked tumor necrosis was observed in the resected specimen. In the latter, a rapid decrease of serum AFP level (T1/2 was less than 13 days) was observed in the effective cases. Preoperative chemotherapy is very useful if effective drugs are available. However, the most serious problem in this field is the lack of drugs active against hepatocellular carcinoma. Our recent results of phase II studies on hepatocellular carcinoma using various drugs were as follows adriamycin 6% (1/17), tegafur 7% (1/15), UFT 4% (1/26) and VP-16 5% (1/21). Development of a new active anticancer agent is thought to be essential if treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is to advance.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

A trial of chemotherapy for lung cancer in short-term hospitalization.

Recently the number of patients with lung cancer who receive chemotherapy has been increasing rapidly. Therefore it has become difficult to treat all patients with advanced lung cancer on the basis of accurate protocol in long-term hospitalization. Accordingly we tried to treat patients within one week in each of a number of chemotherapy protocols (short-term hospitalization) and to follow them in the outpatient department. We were able to accept 61 admissions of 38 patients for chemotherapy from June to December 1985. Thus it was possible to take care of more than three times as many patients as could be cared for by long-term hospitalization for chemotherapy. Three patients could not be discharged within one week and eight had to be readmitted because of leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, or dehydration. It was considered to be possible to decrease the number of such patients by more careful and appropriate hydration and to detect them by appropriate intervals of examination in the outpatient department. We concluded that short-term hospitalization is one of the methods which can make chemotherapy of lung cancer more effective.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

Natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma and prognosis in relation to treatment. Study of 850 patients.

A total of 850 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma seen during the last 8 years were analyzed retrospectively for survival in relation to treatment and disease stage. A new staging scheme based on tumor size, ascites, jaundice and serum albumin was used. Clearly, the prognosis depended on disease stage. The median survival of 229 patients who received no specific treatment was 1.6 months, 0.7 month for Stage III patients, 2.0 months for Stage II, and 8.3 months for Stage I. The median survival of Stage I patients who had hepatic resection (n = 115) was 25.6 months and Stage II patients with resection (n = 42) was 12.2 months. In patients who had a small cancer (less than or equal to 25% of liver area in size) the median survival was 29.0 months. Survival of the surgically treated patients, which represented a highly selected group, was better than that of medically treated patients of a comparable stage. Median survival of Stage I medically treated patients (n = 124) was 9.4 months, for Stage II (n = 290) 3.5 months, and for Stage III (n = 50) 1.6 months. Medical treatment prolonged survival in Stage II and III patients, but not in Stage I. Transcatheter arterial embolization gave a better survival compared with chemotherapy, whether intra-arterial bolus administration of mitomycin C, systemic mitomycin C, or oral/rectal tegafur, in Stage II. Among various chemotherapeutic modalities, intra-arterial bolus injection was superior to systemic chemotherapy in survival in Stage II. In Stage III, chemotherapy improved survival as compared with no specific treatment. The major causes of death were hepatic failure and gastrointestinal bleeding, probably due to the coexistent advanced cirrhosis. These results in survival are much improved over the past reports, and the differences are probably a result of earlier diagnosis and frequent hepatic resections.

Adolescent↗