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Biomedical subjects

N Okada

Publications and source records attributed to N Okada.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Acute joint inflammation in mice after systemic injection of the cell wall, its peptidoglycan, and chemically defined peptidoglycan subunits from various bacteria.

The systemic injection of an aqueous suspension of cell wall or its peptidoglycan (PG)-rich sonicate derived from group A streptococcus and Lactobacillus casei induced acute joint lesions in BALB/c, DBA/1J, (BALB/c X DBA/1J)F1, and C3H/He mouse strains, but not in C57BL/6, DBA/2, and AKR strains. Cell walls and their enzymatically degraded PG fragments from other bacteria as well as the synthetic disaccharide dipeptide and Lactobacillus plantarum cell wall-derived disaccharide tripeptide produced similar acute inflammation in susceptible BALB/c mice. Acute swelling and erythema of the ankles and wrists were observed as early as 3 h, reached maximum severity by day 2, and generally subsided by days 4 to 6 after injection. Histological studies showed synovial proliferation, marked infiltration of many mononuclear cells and a few polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the soft tissues, and extensive deposition of fibrinous exudate in the joint space. Antibody response was detectable against the PG fraction. However, anti-PG antibody does not seem to be responsible for the pathogenesis of this disease. On the other hand, experiments on decomplementation by cobra venom factor suggest that complement components are involved in the early phase of this arthritic model.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Antibody-mediated alternative complement pathway activation resists inhibition by sialoglycolipids.

Although sialoglycolipids on liposome membranes were able to inhibit the activation of the alternative complement pathway (ACP) of guinea pigs mediated by trinitrophenylaminocaproyldipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine, they scarcely inhibited the ACP activation mediated by natural antibody to paragloboside (PG) inserted into the liposome membranes. Therefore, ACP activation was able to proceed regardless of the presence of sialoglycolipids on heterologous cell membranes when antibodies to constituents of the membranes were available. On the other hand, sialoglycolipids effectively inhibit undesirable ACP activation on self cell membranes, because little if any antibody is reacting on the self cell surface. Thus, the natural antibody reaction may effectively discriminate between self and non-self cell surface by cooperation with complement inhibitors on cell membranes such as sialoglycolipids.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

[Serum levels and clinical evaluation of CA 19-9 in various diseases].

We evaluated the clinical significance of serum CA 19-9 in various cancers, benign diseases and healthy controls. The percentage of positive cases for CA 19-9 (higher than 37 U/ml) was 83% in pancreas cancer, 78% in biliary tract cancer and 75% in urinary tract cancer. Benign diseases showed a low frequency of positive cases for CA 19-9, and their serum levels of CA 19-9 were low. Benign diseases with high serum levels of CA 19-9 were rarely seen, but they were easy to differentiate from malignant tumors by simultaneous examination of other tumor markers. In cancer patients with high serum levels of CA 19-9, CA 19-9 showed a weak positive correlation to CEA and ferritin.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1985

[A case of septic aneurysm complicated with simultaneous subdural and intracerebral hematoma].

A case of septic aneurysms complicated with simultaneous subdural and intracerebral hematoma is presented. A 13-year-old girl had been operated on for endocardial cushion defect when she was 5 years old, and residual mitral regurgitation was followed up. She suddenly complained of headache, vomited and lost consciousness. She was brought to the Tokyo Women's Medical College Hospital by an ambulance. On arrival, she was semicomatose. Her left pupil was mydriatic and did not react to light. Right hemiparesis was noted. Systolic murmur was audible in the apical region of the heart. Laboratory data showed a mild anemia and a white cell count of 23,000. CT scan showed a subdural hematoma in the left frontotemporoparietal region and a small subcortical hematoma in the left occipital lobe. An emergency operation was carried out for the subdural hematoma. When the dura was opened, about 10 ml bloody CSF flowed out. A hematoma weighing about 50 g was removed. A bleeding point or an aneurysm could not be discovered on the dura, arachnoid membrane or surface of the brain at the operation. On the 15th day after the operation, when the fever was decreased, cerebral angiography was done. The left vertebral angiogram showed an aneurysm on a peripheral branch of the calcarine artery, which was considered the origin of the subcortical hematoma in the left occipital lobe. The left carotid angiogram showed no aneurysm. On the seventh day after that study, the aneurysm did not appear by left vertebral angiography. She was discharged with no neurological deficit. One month later, she was admitted again with a high fever.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A syndrome with nodular erythema, elongated and thickened fingers, and emaciation.

A 5-year-old boy had a nodular erythema, elongated and thickened fingers, and emaciation. His condition was a rare congenital disease inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Eleven cases have been previously reported in the Japanese literature. The onset is early in childhood, and nodular erythema is an essential and initial finding. Growth retardation and emaciation progress slowly with age. The characteristic clinical features include large eyes, nose, lips, and ears, disproportionately long and thick fingers, and the loss of adipose tissue from the upper half of the body. Cardiomegaly and hypertrophy of the periosteum of the phalanges have been described in some cases.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Pseudouridylic modification of a 6S RNA transcribed in vitro from highly repetitive and transcribable (Hirt) sequences of salmon total DNA.

Salmon total DNA was transcribed in a HeLa cell extract, and it was found that a distinct 6S RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III. By analogy with a 6S RNA transcribed from mouse total DNA in vitro, which we demonstrated to be the transcripts from type 2 Alu family (Sakamoto et al. (1984) Mol Gen Genet 194:1-6), the genes for the 6S RNA in the salmon genome are presumed to be reiterated in at least 10(4)-10(5) copies and to be dispersed among the genome. A fingerprint analysis showed that the nucleotide sequences of the genes for the 6S RNA are extensively conserved. Furthermore, we demonstrated that at least two positions in the 6S RNA are modified in vitro to pseudouridylic acid. The pseudouridylic acid residues are located in specific oligonucleotides and each of the modified nucleotides amounts to 0.5 to 1.0 mol per mol of RNA. The relationship between salmon highly repetitive and transcribable (Hirt) sequences and rodent type 2 Alu family, and the significance of the pseudouridylic modification in relation to the functional role of these sequences are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The mechanism of decreased Na+-dependent D-glucose transport in brush-border membrane vesicles from rabbit kidneys with experimental Fanconi syndrome.

In our previous paper (Yanase, M. et al. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 733, 95-101) we reported that the Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake into brush-border membrane vesicles is decreased in rabbits with experimental Fanconi syndrome (induced by anhydro-4-epitetracycline). In the present paper we investigate the mechanism underlying this decrease. D-Glucose is taken up into the osmotically active space in anhydro-4-epitetracycline-treated brush-border membrane vesicles and exhibits the same distribution volume and the same degree of nonspecific binding and trapping as in control brush-border membrane vesicles. The passive permeability properties of control and anhydro-4-epitetracycline-treated brush-border membrane vesicles are shown to be the same as measured by the time-dependence of L-glucose efflux from brush-border membrane vesicles. D-Glucose flux was measured by the equilibrium exchange procedure at constant external and internal Na+ concentrations and zero potential. Kinetic analyses of Na+-dependent D-glucose flux indicate that Vmax in anhydro-4-epitetracycline-treated brush-border membrane vesicles (79.3 +/- 7.6 nmol/min per mg protein) is significantly smaller than in control brush-border membrane vesicles (141.3 +/- 9.9 nmol/min per mg protein), while the Km values in the two cases are not different from each other (22.3 +/- 0.9 and 27.4 +/- 1.8 mM, respectively). These results suggest that Na+-dependent D-glucose carriers per se are affected by anhydro-4-epitetracycline, and that this disorder is an important underlying mechanism in the decreased Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake into anhydro-4-epitetracycline-treated brush-border membrane vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of a novel antibody, which precipitates ribonucleoprotein complex containing threonine tRNA from a patient with polymyositis.

We have isolated and characterized a novel antibody from a patient with polymyositis, which precipitates threonine tRNA and an unknown small RNA molecule from 32P-labeled HeLa extract. Fingerprint analysis showed that the human threonine tRNA precipitated was nearly identical to the murine tRNA described by Harada [(1978) Seikagaku 50, 397-411]. Nucleotide analysis suggested that the other small RNA molecule might be transfer RNA. Since phenol extraction resulted in the loss of immunoprecipitability, the protein portion was presumed to be involved in the recognition of the antigen. Immunofluorescence staining of HeLa cells with the antibody clearly demonstrated that the antigen was located predominantly in the cytoplasm.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1984

The 6S RNA transcribed from rodent total DNA in vitro is the transcript of the type 2 Alu family.

We have performed in vitro transcription, using total DNA isolated from mouse and a cloned mouse DNA fragment containing a representative type 2 Alu sequence characterized by Kominami et al. (1983) as templates. From each template, 6S RNA was transcribed. The fingerprint of the 6S RNA produced from in vitro transcription of total DNA showed a very clear pattern of oligonucleotides. By comparing the oligonucleotides of the 6S RNA produced from each template, we demonstrated that the 6S RNA transcribed from mouse total DNA is the in fact the transcript of type 2 Alu sequences. The composition of the oligonucleotides of the 6S RNA transcribed from mouse total DNA seems to reflect well that of the consensus sequence of the type 2 Alu family proposed by Krayev et al. (1982). In vitro transcripts of rat or hamster total DNA showed fingerprint patterns nearly identical to that of mouse DNA, confirming that rodents have equivalent type 2 Alu sequences whose transcripts have the same length and similar compositions of oligonucleotides. Thus total DNA transcription provides a novel approach to the detection and analysis of type 2 Alu sequences transcribed in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Re-expression of differentiated properties in SV40-infected human epidermal keratinocytes induced by 5-azacytidine.

Infection of human epidermal keratinocytes by the oncogenic virus SV40 leads to progressive inhibition of the normal differentiation process in vitro. Treatment of infected cells with 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR) over a 24-h period produced a striking enlargement and pronounced flattening of cells within 5-7 days following removal of the agent. This morphological change was accompanied by a several-fold increase in the number of cells staining positively for the cell envelope precursor protein, involucrin, and in the exfoliation of cornified envelope bearing cells from the monolayer. The drug-treated cultures at high passage levels were stained by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to keratin classes associated with different epidermal layers. These experiments revealed that 5-aza-CR caused the re-expression of two keratin classes (suprabasal and stratum corneum-associated), whose synthesis had been suppressed during the transformation process. 5-Aza-CR also brought about re-expression of 58 and 56 kD keratin markers of epithelial keratinization and stratification, as well as of 40 and 49-52 kD keratin markers of viral transformation. However, the responsiveness to the drug was gradually lost over time following infection.

Azacitidine↗
PubMed1984

Aminergic innervation of cerebral veins. Histochemical comparison with extracranial veins.

The density and distribution pattern of aminergic nerve fibers in intracranial and extracranial veins were compared by means of catecholamine histofluorescence studies. Extracranial veins (internal jugular, inferior caval, portal, renal, internal iliac, and femoral veins) showed quite a uniform distribution pattern. Large veins (jugular, caval, renal, and iliac veins) revealed a spiral pattern, and small veins presented as a meshwork (femoral vein) or in a longitudinal pattern (a branch of the femoral vein). In contrast, intracranial veins displayed more complex patterns: the dural sinus showed a longitudinal pattern and the internal cerebral vein and the superficial vein of Labbé revealed a meshwork of nerve fibers. The aminergic fibers were denser in cerebral veins (dural sinus and internal cerebral vein) than in extracranial veins. The complex distribution and the density of aminergic fibers in cerebral veins suggest that the aminergic innervation of the circulatory system may be more important in the brain than in the extracranial organs.

Amines↗
PubMed1984

[An autopsy case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung presenting with small and large bowel metastasis].

A 81-year-old male with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung was admitted because of melena. Upon autopsy, bleeding sites were found in the small and large bowel; they were lesions from the lung carcinoma. Gastrointestinal metastases from primary lung carcinoma are clinically rare, although they are seen in autopsy cases. Review of autopsy data on 1181 cases of primary lung carcinoma showed that 218 (18.5%) manifested gastrointestinal metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Adjuvant BCG immunotherapy for breast cancer (T1N0M0, T2N0M0)].

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of BCG immunotherapy for breast cancer (T1n0M0, T2n0M0) in nonrandomized series. During a 5-year follow-up study, patients in the BCG-treated group suffered neither recurrence nor death, while the historical control group had 6 cases of recurrence and 5 cases of disease death. As seen in our series, we concluded that breast cancer patients should be advised to accept adjuvant BCG immunotherapy after mastectomy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗