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Biomedical subjects

N Oishi

Publications and source records attributed to N Oishi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Adjuvant intrahepatic chemotherapy with mitomycin and 5-FU combined with hepatic irradiation in high-risk patients with carcinoma of the colon: a Southwest Oncology Group phase II pilot study.

The Southwest Oncology Group conducted a pilot study in patients who had had total clinical resection of cancer of the colon and had a high risk of recurrence (Duke's C); the purpose of the study was to determine the toxic effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with hepatic radiotherapy, in anticipation of their potential use in an adjuvant groupwide protocol. The treatment plan included intra-arterial chemotherapy with mitomycin (3 mg/m2) on Days 1, 4, 35, and 38 by slow intra-arterial push and 5-FU (1000 mg/m2) on Days 1-4 and 35-38 by continuous 96-hour infusion. Radiation therapy was begun on Day 8 of therapy and consisted of 1950 rads in 13 fractions over 2 1/2 weeks. Nineteen patients have been studied. Of 13 fully evaluable patients, two have relapsed in the liver. Eleven patients have developed significant, persistent liver enzyme elevations, and one patient has died from therapy-related liver failure. Combined radiotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy may result in significant chronic liver damage, and caution should be exercised in future adjuvant trials.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Southwest Oncology Group study of Mitoxantrone for treatment of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Twenty-two patients are evaluable for response in a Phase II trial of Mitoxantrone for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. One patient had a partial response, one an improvement and twenty had progressive disease. The major toxicities were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. There was no significant antitumor activity of Mitoxantrone in this group of patients with head and neck cancer, most of whom were previously treated with radiation and chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Purification and properties of a DNA ligase from sea urchin embryos.

DNA ligase was purified about 2,000-fold from blastulae of sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, by means of 1 M KCl-extraction, phosphocellulose, DEAE-cellulose, Sepharose CL-6B, and double-stranded DNA cellulose column chromatography. The purified DNA ligase had a molecular weight of 80,000 (determined by Sephadex G-150) and a sedimentation coefficient of 4.1S (by glycerol gradient centrifugation). The purified enzyme required ATP and Mg2+ (or Mn2+) as cofactors for activity, and was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. Apparent Km values for ATP, Mg2+, and Mn2+ were 4 microM, 2.7 mM, and 0.3 mM, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Drug combinations in the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group study.

The FAM combination with the simultaneous administration of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin C is considered standard chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma. This study was initiated to determine whether a kinetically designed sequential administration of these three drugs would be superior and whether the presence or absence of easily measurable tumor would imply differences in survival. To do so, the Southwest Oncology Group tested two schedules in a randomized study of 239 patients. Independent judgments of response were made by two authors with the same results. Equivalent response rates (23% of all eligible sequential and 30% simultaneous) and median survival durations (22 and 23 weeks, respectively) were seen. Patients with and without readily measurable tumors each lived a median of 22 weeks. Higher degrees of hematologic toxicity were associated with prolonged survival (median 27 weeks versus 20 weeks, p = 0.04). Patients treated by community oncologists were described as having higher response rates than those treated in major medical centers (64% versus 31%, p = 0.03). The meaning of this is questionable in that there were no statistical differences in survival or toxicity. Those with prior exposure to 5-fluorouracil had only a tendency, without statistical significance, for a slightly inferior response and survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Phase II study of cisplatin in recurrent astrocytomas in adults: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

Thirty-one evaluable adults with recurrent astrocytomas were treated with Cisplatin 35 mg/m2 I.V. daily for three days every 3-4 weeks. All patients had previously been irradiated and most had previously received chemotherapy. Approximately half had poor performance status. Two patients experienced complete remissions and two additional patients experienced partial remissions. Three patients stabilized. Gastrointestinal toxicity was generally mild. Further studies are planned of Cisplatin in combination with other agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Adriamycin combined with 10-day Ara-C, vincristine, and prednisone (10-day ADOAP) in the treatment of adult acute leukemia patients under fifty years of age. A Southwest Oncology Group Study.

In a twelve-month period, 56 consecutive patients with acute leukemia, aged 15-50, were treated by administration of a 10-day continuous infusion of Ara-C in combination with adriamycin, oncovin and prednisone (10 day ADOAP). Of 50 evaluable patients, there were 39 complete remissions (78%) with a median remission duration of 71 weeks. After adjustment for age and other known prognostic factors, the complete remission rate is still 10% higher than that found using a similar regimen without adriamycin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Cisplatin hydration with and without mannitol diuresis in refractory disseminated malignant melanoma: a southwest oncology group study.

In a prospective phase II randomized trial, a dose of 100 mg/m2 iv cisplatin every 3 weeks plus forced hydration with or without mannitol diuresis was tested in patients with previously treated advanced malignant melanoma. A total of 67 patients were evaluated: 33 not given mannitol and 34 in the mannitol arm. Two partial remissions (of 2+ and 6.5 months) were achieved in the no-mannitol arm and one complete response and four partial responses (of 1, 2, 2.5, 5.5, and 8 months) were seen in the mannitol arm. Moderate, severe, and life-threatening renal toxicity was less in the mannitol arm, and patients tolerated more doses of cisplatin. The renal toxicity occurred mostly after the first dose of chemotherapy and did not seem to be cumulative. Other side effects were comparable in both arms. We concluded that renal toxicity is less severe in patients treated with cisplatin, hydration, and mannitol and that the use of cisplatin alone or in combination with other active agent(s) should be considered for further evaluation in previously untreated patients with malignant melanoma.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1981

Mitomycin-C, bleomycin, vincristine, and cis-platinum in the treatment of advanced, recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

A combination chemotherapy regimen containing mitomycin-C (10 mg/m2, day 2), vincristine (0.5 mg/m2, days 1 and 4), bleomycin (30 U QD, days 1--4 as a continuous intravenous infusion during courses one and two only), and cis-platinum (50 mg/m2, days 1 and 22) was administered every 6 weeks to 14 evaluable patients with advanced (i.e., Stage IVB) and/or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Four patients (29%) achieved a complete response, lasting 8, 9.5+, 17+, and 21+ months. Three of these patients have had complete disappearance of their pulmonary metastases and one has had resolution of a large left-sided pelvic wall mass. Two additional patients (14%) had a partial response to therapy, each lasting 1.5 months. The median survival for these 14 patients was 9.0 months. The chemotherapy regimen was well tolerated. There were no drug-related deaths and no instances of severe or irreversible renal dysfunction or peripheral neuropathy. The mean lowest white blood cell and platelet counts were 4540 and 205,000 per mm3, respectively. Although severe or life-threatening thrombocytopenia occurred in only 36% patients, it appeared to be the dose-limiting toxicity of this drug combination.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1981

Significant increase of plasma prostaglandins in cancer patients.

Plasma prostaglandin (PGs) levels of normal individuals, cardiac and autoimmune disease patients were similar with the following mean and S.E.M. in ng/ml values: Normal, 45.4 +/- 6.4; cardiac, 48.3 +/- 4.2; and autoimmune, 52.4 +/- 4.8. On the other hand, cancer patients showed a significant increase in plasma PGS with a mean +/- S.E.M. of 102.0 +/- ng/ml as compared to the values of normal individuals, cardiac and autoimmune patients. It is suggested that, in part, the increase in PGs may be associated with the depressed state of the cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Cryptosporidiosis. Report of a fatal case complicated by disseminated toxoplasmosis.

A middle-aged woman suffered from chronic diarrhea and malnutrition as a result of a small intestinal infection with a coccidial protozoan--Cryptosporidium. This parasite has been found among a wide range of reptilian, avian and mammalian hosts, but rarely in human beings. This woman ultimately died as a result of disseminated toxoplasmosis of the type usually encountered in an adult whose immune responses were compromised. There was clinical evidence of both humoral and cellular immunologic incompetence, such as depressed levels of complement and immunoglobulins, and decreased T cell reactivity, respectively. The former could be accounted for on the basis of malnutrition causing deficient protein synthesis, and the latter may have been a manifestation of altered function of transformed T cells.

Coccidiosis↗