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Biomedical subjects

N Ohya

Publications and source records attributed to N Ohya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Pryce type I intralobar pulmonary sequestration].

A 53-year-old woman had a abnormal shadow in the left lower lung field on a chest radiograph, and occasional bloody sputum. CT scans and an MRI showed an abnormal vessel shadow between the aorta and the heart. An aortogram showed an abnormal artery originating from the descending aorta and entering the left lower lobe, and a pulmonary angiogram revealed no blood supply to the left basal segments. Pryce type I pulmonary sequestration was diagnosed. The patient underwent surgery, and the abnormal artery, 13 mm in diameter, was found to be connected from the descending aorta to the left lower lobe. The abnormal artery was dissected, and the left lower lobe was removed. The postoperative course was uneventful. We collected data on 24 cases of Pryce type I pulmonary sequestration reported in Japan. Such cases are comparatively rare and males are affected more often than females. The patient in the present case was the oldest woman to have undergone surgery for this condition in Japan. In patients who underwent surgery the greatest diameter of the abnormal artery was 18 mm.

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration↗
PubMed1996

Diffuse interstitial pulmonary amyloidosis in rheumatoid arthritis.

We describe a woman with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who presented with diffuse septal pulmonary amyloidosis mimicking interstitial rheumatoid lung disease. Her systemic amyloidosis was diagnosed by biopsy of the kidney, stomach mucosa, and salivary glands 28 years after the onset of RA. Diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltrates had been noted since that diagnosis, but infiltrates had been considered due to rheumatoid lung. Results of pulmonary function tests, which revealed restrictive changes and decreased diffusion capacity, were also compatible with rheumatoid lung disease. Pulmonary amyloidosis was diagnosed at autopsy. Pulmonary amyloidosis should be considered a cause of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with longstanding RA.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1995

Origin of posterior pituitary high intensity on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Immunohistochemical, electron microscopic, and magnetic resonance studies of posterior pituitary lobe of dehydrated rabbits.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the origin of posterior pituitary high intensity (PPHI) seen on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. METHODS: Six rabbits, including four rabbits deprived of drinking water for 4 days and two control rabbits, were examined by MR imaging. Plasma vasopressin levels were sequentially measured by radioimmunoassay. Pituitary glands were immunostained with guinea pig anti-rabbit vasopressin antibody, and ultrathin sections of Epon/Araldite-embedded specimens were observed with a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: In control rabbits, PPHI was noted on T1-weighted MR images, and the posterior pituitary lobe was positively immunostained with anti-vasopressin antibody. At the ultrastructural level, nerve terminals contained numerous neurosecretory granules bearing vasopressin. Conversely, plasma vasopressin levels gradually increased and PPHI was absent in 4-day dehydrated rabbits. The posterior lobe was scarcely stained with anti-vasopressin antibody, and neurosecretory granules were rarely observed. However, a number of small dispersed vesicles, possibly derived from the fragmentation of neurosecretory granule envelopes, were seen in the nerve terminal. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior pituitary high signal seen on T1-weighted MR images is attributed to neurosecretory granules bearing vasopressin.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A case of pulmonary thrombosis associated with primary antiphospholipid syndrome].

A 23-year-old man was admitted because of an attack of chest pain and dry cough. Chest roentogenogram showed a solitary pulmonary nodule in the left upper lobe. Chest CT showed a nodule and a small pleural effusion on the same side. Pulmonary thrombosis was diagnosed by pulmonary Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy and pulmonary arteriography. Deep vein thrombosis was not detected except in a distal pulmonary artery. The solitary nodule disappeared spontaneously without thrombolytic therapy. An anticardiolipin antibody (IgG) test was positive. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome was diagnosed, because of the absence of physical findings suggesting other collagen vascular diseases. Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome have a high frequency of pulmonary complications that include pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary embolism. Most of the patients with pulmonary embolism have deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary vessel thrombosis as seen in the present case is a rare complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of endogenous and inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary microcirculation].

The sites of action of endogenous and inhaled nitric oxide (NO) were reassured during hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Lungs of 21 adult cats were perfused in situ with autologous blood in zone-3 conditions. Capillary pressures were measured by the double-occlusion techniques and pressures in arterioles and venules 70-100 microns in diameter were measured by the servo-null micropuncture technique, both during normoxia (FiO2 = 0.3) and during hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.02). The effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg), an inhibitor of NO synthase, and of inhaled NO (5-100 ppm) were also measured. The PO2 of the prefusate decreased from 187.6 +/- 5.3 mmHg during normoxia to 25.7 +/- 1.3 mmHg during hypoxia, and further decreased to 20.8 +/- 2.2 mmHg during hypoxia with 50 ppm NO (p < 0.05, compared with hypoxia only). Increases in pulmonary vascular pressure drop in response to hypoxia were 4.8 +/- 1.0 cmH2O and 9.1 +/- 1.4 cmH2O in non-treated and L-NAME-treated lungs, respectively (p < 0.05). L-NAME significantly increased hypoxic construction in the venous segment. The concentration of exhaled NO increased from 13 +/- 4 ppb during normoxia to 18 +/- 4 ppb during hypoxia (p < 0.1). Inhaled NO lowered not only pulmonary artery pressure but also capillary pressure in a dose-dependent manner, which reduced hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Pulmonary veins were more sensitive to inhaled NO than were arteries. Inhaled NO (50 ppm) dilated vessels smaller than 70 to 100 microns in diameter, by 39% (p < 0.05), and dilated venules greater than 100 microns in diameter by 26% (p < 0.05), but did not significantly dilate arterioles greater than 100 microns in diameter (11%). Inhaled NO did not significantly change the ratio of wet weight to dry weight. We conclude that both endogenous and inhaled NO attenuate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, with significant pulmonary venous dilation. The main site of action of inhaled NO is vessels smaller than 100 microns in diameter and venules greater than 100 microns in diameter. Inhaled NO (5-100 ppm) does not cause interstitial edema.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

[Expression of bc1-2 protein in collagen vascular diseases with pulmonary interstitial involvement].

Expression of bc1-2 protein was studied immunohistochemically in 25 patients with collagen vascular diseases and in 10 patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The collagen vascular diseases included rheumatoid arthritis (n = 9), progressive systemic sclerosis (n = 9), polymyositis/dermatomyositis (n = 4), Sjögren's syndrome (n = 2), and systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 1). All 35 patients underwent open lung biopsy; cellular infiltration, fibrosis, and lymphoid aggregation were scored according to Cherniack's classification. T lymphocytes (CD43: DFT-1) and B lymphocytes (CD20:L-26) were also evaluated. Expression of bc1-2 protein was dominant in T lymphocytes infiltrating the alveolar interstitium and in B lymphocytes in the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles. In collagen vascular diseases, the degree of expression of bc1-2 protein in those T lymphocytes was closely related to the alveolar lymphocyte infiltration score. However, these findings were not marked in the patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and were not related to the underlying disease in the patients with collagen vascular diseases. The expression of bc1-2 protein in T lymphocytes was not related to fibrosis or to lymphoid aggregation. Expression of bc1-2 protein in B lymphocytes did not correlate with pathological scores or with underlying disease. Bc1-2 protein has been recognized as an oncogene that suppresses apoptosis. Marked expression of bc1-2 protein in T lymphocytes from patients with collagen vascular diseases indicates that oversuppression of apoptosis may be related to the pathogenesis of pulmonary interstitial involvement in these conditions. Further clinicopathological studies focusing on apoptosis in collagen vascular diseases and in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia are needed.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1995

[Galactose].

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Female↗
PubMed1994

Effect of pulmonary blood flow on microvascular pressure profile determined by micropuncture in perfused cat lungs.

To clarify the role of the pulmonary microvasculature in adjusting to increased pulmonary blood flow, we measured arteriolar and venular pressure by the servo-null micropuncture method while changing the pulmonary blood flow in isolated perfused cat lungs. We divided the lung vasculature into three longitudinal segments: 1) arterial (pulmonary artery to 30- to 50-microns arteriole), 2) microvascular (between 30- to 50-microns arteriole and venule), and 3) venous (30- to 50-microns venule to left atrium). The vascular resistance was calculated by dividing the pressure gradient by the flow. The pressure gradient of the microvascular segment did not increase, whereas the pressure gradient of the arterial and venous segments increased simultaneously with flow rate. Total and microvascular resistance decreased with increase of flow rate. Resistances of the arterial and venous segments did not change with increase in flow. We conclude that the microvasculature plays a crucial role in preventing pulmonary hypertension with increases in flow by decreasing microvascular resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[A case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage accompanied by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with positive perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody].

A 62-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of low-grade fever and hemoptysis. Chest roentgenogram revealed diffuse infiltrative shadows with air bronchograms. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid demonstrated bloody fluid, including many hemosiderin-laden macrophages. In addition, his laboratory data on admission revealed elevation of serum creatinine and BUN, and proteinuria and hematuria on urinalysis. Renal needle biopsy showed atrophic glomeruli and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis without crescent formation. A history of wheezing and slight eosinophila was also present, and we therefore suspected allergic granulomatous angitis. We performed airway sensitivity and reversibility tests, which were positive, and so we judged that he had an asthmatic component. Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA) was positive (x 1000) with ELISA. We diagnosed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and bronchial asthma. His general condition improved with oral administration of corticosteroid (50 mg/day) and immunosuppressive agent (cyclophosphamide; 50 mg/day), and his major symptoms disappeared within a few days.

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic↗
PubMed1994

Structure of cis-polyisoprene from Lactarius mushrooms.

Sporophores from five species of Lactarius mushrooms had a liquid rubber content of 0.1% to 7% based on the dry weight. Rubber from L. volemus, L. chrysorrheus and L. hygrophoroides was found to be a homologue of polyprenol being composed of dimethylallyl group, two trans isoprene units, 160-300 cis isoprene units, and terminal hydroxyl or ester group aligned in that order by 13C-NMR analysis. The ratio of fatty acid ester group to hydroxyl group was about 9/1 to 5/5. The number of both terminal groups and trans units decreased during aging of sporophores. Rubber from L. piperatus, L. vellereus and L. subpiperatus was found to be cis polyisoprene having very small quantities of both terminal groups and trans units. The biosynthesis of cis polyisoprene in Lactarius mushrooms was found to start from trans, trans-farnesyl pyrophosphate. The termination was assumed to occur by esterification of polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate. Occurrence of some chemical modifications on both terminal groups was presumed during aging of sporophores.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1994

[Bronchial arterial hemodynamics after thoracic irradiation therapy in lung cancer patients].

We evaluated bronchial arterial hemodynamics after thoracic irradiation therapy. We performed bronchial arteriography in 9 patients (8 males and 1 female) with lung cancer who received thoracic irradiation (58-72 Gy). Three patients had adenocarcinoma, 3 squamous cell carcinoma, 2 small cell carcinoma and 1 large cell carcinoma. Their clinical stages were 6 in stage IIIB and 3 in stage IV. Eight of these cases also received chemotherapy by intra-bronchial arterial infusion of anti-cancer agents (Carboplatin and/or Cisplatin). The bronchial arterial supply was patent except in the one complete remission case (small cell carcinoma of stage IIIB). In the five cases developing radiation pneumonitis, bronchial arteries demonstrated angiogenesis in the radiation fields, despite which pulmonary arteriography and/or pulmonary perfusion scintigrams showed a decreased pulmonary arterial supply. Bronchial arterial hemodynamics demonstrated no significant damage in the bronchial arteries by the thoracic irradiation therapy and/or bronchial arterial infusion of anti-cancer agents. It is suggested that patent bronchial arteries after radiation therapy promote local recurrences of lung cancer. In 5 cases, including 2 local relapsed cases and 3 cases showing no remarkable response to radical radiation therapy, we performed bronchial arterial infusion of anti-cancer agents after radiation therapy, with good responses obtained. We conclude that thoracic irradiation did not damage bronchial arteries as compared with pulmonary arteries, and that in local relapsed and radio-resistant cases bronchial arterial infusion of anti-cancer agents after radiation therapy is a useful approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Bronchiectasis].

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Bronchiectasis↗
PubMed1994

Intraarterial infusion of autologous lymphocytes for the treatment of refractory lymphoedema. Preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of the treatment of lymphoedema by intra-arterial infusion of autologous lymphocytes. DESIGN: Open study. SETTING: University Hospital. SUBJECTS: 13 patients with refractory lymphoedema. INTERVENTIONS: Lymphocytes were separated from the patient's own blood using a blood cell separator; about 100 cc of lymphocyte dominant blood separated from this blood was immediately infused into the proximal artery of the affected limb. Infusion was practiced once a week, and repeated 4 to 6 times. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in size of the affected limb (defined as the difference between the affected limb and the normal limb after treatment), and softening of the edema (measured with a tension gauge). RESULTS: In all 13 patients there was softening of the affected hard limb followed by a reduction in the size of the limb (mean 64%), and the ache and sensation of heat in the limb lessened. The reduction in size was maintained in 9 of the 13 patients for three months, despite returning to their normal activities. CONCLUSION: Intra-arterial infusion of autologous lymphocytes is a promising treatment for refractory lymphoedema.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Case report and review of literature on seasonal distribution and pathogenesis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia in Japan].

A 49-year-old female was admitted because of high grade fever and dyspnea. Chest roentgenogram revealed diffuse reticulo-linear shadows. Laboratory findings showed peripheral blood eosinophilia, and blood gas analysis demonstrated severe hypoxemia. A few days after admission, her symptoms and signs improved, and the abnormal shadows on the chest roentgenograms decreased without treatment. To determine the diagnosis and evaluate the pathological findings and pathogenesis, we performed open lung biopsy. Bronchoalveolar lavage at the operation revealed increased total cell count and increased markedly, number of eosinophils, and the open lung biopsy specimen showed acute interstitial pneumonia with eosinophilic infiltration. We performed a study of precipitating antibodies against fourteen kinds of fungi and environmental provocation tests, with all results being negative. We diagnosed this case as having acute eosinophilic pneumonia clinicopathologically (Allen, 1989). We reviewed 22 cases with acute eosinophilic pneumonia previously reported in Japan including our case. These 22 cases demonstrated a seasonal tendency of onset in spring and summer. Eleven of 22 cases were tested for precipitating antibodies to several fungi, 3 of which showed positive results against Trichosporon cutaneum, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus species. The clinical features of acute eosinophilic pneumonia resemble those of summer type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Therefore, it is important to diagnose AEP on the basis of clinical symptoms, and precipitating antibody, viral titer and pathological findings.

Acute Disease↗