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Biomedical subjects

N Ohkoshi

Publications and source records attributed to N Ohkoshi.

96 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Pharmacological properties of the atropine-resistant contraction of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) intestinal bulb induced by transmural stimulation.

1. The pharmacological properties of the atropine-resistant contraction of the carp intestinal bulb induced by transmural stimulation were investigated. 2. In the presence of atropine (1 microM), transmural stimulation caused frequency-dependent (2-50 Hz) contraction which was abolished by tetrodotoxin (780 nM). 3. The atropine-resistant contraction was not decreased by tubocurarine (5 microM), hexamethonium (100 microM), carteolol (5 microM) and phentolamine (5.4 microM). 4. In vitro pretreatment with guanethidine (10 microM for 1 hr) markedly decreased the noradrenaline and adrenaline contents of the carp intestinal bulb. The atropine-resistant contraction was not affected by pretreatment with guanethidine. 5. Diphenhydramine (1 microM), methysergide (3 microM) and naloxone (1 microM) did not decrease the atropine-resistant contraction, indicating that histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and opioid peptides were not involved in the atropine-resistant response. 6. These results indicate that a non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic excitatory nerve is present in the carp intestinal bulb. The neurotransmitter mediating the excitatory response could not be identified.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pure motor monoparesis of a lower limb due to a small infarction in the contralateral motor cortex.

Pure motor monoparesis (PMM) is a rare condition characterized by weakness limited to one limb without sensory disturbance. We report a 42-year-old woman with PMM of the right lower limb caused by a small infarction in the contralateral motor cortex that could be detected by the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. This case suggests that small lesions, missed by carelessly performed scans, could be a potential cause of PMM. This is especially true in the case of lower limb PMM, because the lesion may be located in the top of the frontal lobe cortex, an area that can be easily missed by routine scans. Therefore, we should pay careful attention to the opposite side of the motor cortex in examining neuroimages of PMM cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bilateral diabetic infarction of the thigh adductor muscles in a diabetic female patient-- A case report and review of the literature].

A 30-year-old female complained of lancinating pain in the bilateral thighs for 10 days. The patient had a 22-year history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Physical examination revealed swelling of the bilateral lower extremities. There was exquisite tenderness on palpation over the medial thighs, with marked increase in pain on hip and knee flexion. Muscle strength of quadriceps, hamstrings, and hip adductor was decreased due to muscle pain. Pedal pulses were palpable bilaterally. Roentogenograms of the left femur revealed calcification of the left femoral arterial wall. Venogram revealed no obstruction with normal drainage. Complete blood cell count showed left shift of the neutrophils, markedly accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, prolonged prothorombin time of 9 sec (normal 11.7 sec), C-reactive protein of 7.3 mg/dl and serum creatine kinase level of 175 IU/L. FBS was 225 mg/dl and Hb A 1 c was 16.4%. An MR imaging of the thighs revealed high signal intensities in the bilateral adductor muscles on T 2-weighted images. The symptoms resolved spontaneously over a three week period. From the course of the illness and MR imaging, the patient was diagnosed having diabetic muscle infarction (DMI), a rare complication of diabetes mellitus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of DMI in Japan. Diabetic microangiopathy and hypercoagulability are thought to be responsible for inducing DMI. Because the diagnosis can be made from the characteristic clinical and the typical MR imaging findings, muscle biopsy is not always necessary to obtain the diagnosis of DMI.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Degeneration of the thalamus and inferior olives associated with spongiform encephalopathy of the cerebral cortex.

We describe a 37-year-old man with a 30-month history of progressive dementia, myoclonus and prominent ataxia with the additional clinical features of dysautonomia and delirious psychomotor excitement and with relatively preserved verbal responses. The pathological changes include 1) severe neuronal loss and gliosis without spongiform change of the thalamus and inferior olives associated with gliosis of the midbrain tegmentum, and demyelination and gliosis of the central tegmental tract, olivo-cerebellar fibers and spino-olivary tract, and 2) mild spongiform encephalopathy of the cerebral cortex. Although the latter implies that the present case may be an example of the rare thalamic form of Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, the preferential and severe involvement of the thalamus and inferior olives without spongiform change as well as the clinical features are quite reminiscent of primary thalamic degeneration [Stern 1939]. This case draws further attention to the relationship between spongiform encephalopathy and degeneration without spongiform change of the thalamus and olivary system.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality of life for patients with intractable diseases. Subjective satisfaction of patients with Parkinson's disease].

More than 20 years have passed since policies for dealing with intractable diseases have been instituted in Japan. This study was carried out to clarify which factors tend to promote a patient's subjective satisfaction with his or her quality of life. The subjects were 62 male and 51 female patients with Parkinson's disease. Their average age was 68.8 years. The results were as follows: 1. Patients placed more importance on trying to understand the pathophysiology of the disease than trying to improve their better-life with the disease. 2. Most male patients received care from a family member, whereas most female patients received care from a non-family member. 3. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that a) patients who understand how to improve their better-life with Parkinson's Disease are four times more satisfied(on-a subjective basis)than patients who do not understand how to improve their better-life, and b) patients who have a supportive caregiver are twice as satisfied as those who do not. These findings suggest that, in order to increase the subjective satisfaction of Parkinson's disease patients, it is important for them to have a supportive caregiver and to help them understand how to improve their better-life.

Aged↗