Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Ohara

Publications and source records attributed to N Ohara.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Left ventricular filling abnormalities in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and improvement by a short-term glycemic control.

To determine whether left ventricular (LV) filling abnormalities in diabetes are associated with diabetic microangiopathy, and to evaluate the effect of a short-term glycemic control on the filling abnormalities, diastolic filling dynamics were assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 246 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Isovolumic relaxation time and the ratio of peak flow velocity of atrial filling wave to peak flow velocity of early filling wave (A/E) were significantly greater in diabetic patients than in age- and sex-matched control subjects. Diabetic patients with retinopathy had significantly greater isovolumic relaxation time and A/E values than those without retinopathy. A/E was significantly decreased 1 month after insulin treatment in those without, but not with retinopathy. It is concluded that LV diastolic filling is impaired in mildly hyperglycemic patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without severe complications, the abnormality being more intense in patients with retinopathy. A short-term glycemic control results in a marked decrease in abnormalities in patients without, but not with retinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Forty-one cases of Cushing's syndrome: a comparison between Cushing's syndrome (adrenal adenoma) and Cushing's disease (adrenal hyperplasia)].

We experienced 41 cases of Cushing's syndrome (12 males and 29 females, 15 years old - 65 years old) during the last 20 years. These included 20 patients with unilateral adrenal adenoma (Cushing's syndrome), 19 patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (Cushing's disease), one patient with adrenal carcinoma and one patient with primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia (PAND). Moreover, these cases included some special ones, i.e. 5 cases with destructive thyroiditis after treatment, 2 cases with aggravation of arthritis after treatment, a case of Carney's complex with PAND, one case with paradoxical response to dexamethasone, and one case combined with empty sella syndrome. The most specific clinical signs were moon face (95% occurrence), hypertension (95%) and subcutaneous bruising (80%). Other significant signs were eye edema (66%), buffalo hump (68%), subcutaneous purpura (63%) and osteoporosis (49%). Skin striae was not a common sign in our cases (41%). Renal stone was observed in only 20% of our patients but was a significant sign in this syndrome. There was no difference in the occurrence of each clinical sign between Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's disease. The elevation of white blood cell count (WBC) and serum sodium, a decrease of serum potassium, and a decrease of reabsorption of phosphate (%TRP) were observed. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and human growth hormone (HGH) were suppressed in patients with Cushing's syndrome and patients with Cushing's disease. These results were consistent with those of previous reports. However, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) were high in those patients with Cushing's syndrome and those with Cushing's disease. Oral glucose tolerance test was carried out in 34 patients before and after treatment. Thirty-one percent of those had diabetes mellitus and 26% had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The response of IRI in this test was high in patients with Cushing's syndrome and patients with Cushing's disease, and decreased 4 weeks after treatment in those with Cushing's syndrome but remained high in those with Cushing's disease. Plasma ACTH level and urinary 17-OHCS excretion were significantly higher in Cushing's disease than in Cushing's syndrome. During an 8mg-high-dose dexamethasone suppression test, urinary 17-OHCS excretion in 13 of 14 patients with Cushing's disease (93%) was suppressed by more than 50% of baseline on the second day of testing. However, all of 18 patients with Cushing's syndrome, who had an 8mg-dexamethasone suppression test, failed to suppress urinary 17-OHCS by 50% of baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

An immunohistochemical study on HLA-DR expression in human meningiomas.

The expression of HLA-DR was examined in 38 cases of meningiomas with the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method using two monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DR (LN-3 and TAL-IB5) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. Similar immunoreactivity was obtained with these two monoclonal antibodies. In addition to infiltrated lymphoid cells and perivascular macrophages, tumor cells themselves showed HLA-DR expression in 16 cases (42%) of meningiomas. The rate of HLA-DR-positive cases in the transitional and fibrous subtypes (64% and 67%, respectively) was higher than that in the meningotheliomatous subtype (8%). Spindle-shaped tumor cells were frequently positive for HLA-DR, whereas few of meningotheliomatous cells with plump cytoplasm were positive. Most of HLA-DR-positive cases showed no or scanty lymphoid cell infiltration, and a few cases with marked infiltration of lymphoid cells were variable for HLA-DR expression. These findings suggest little correlation between HLA-DR expression of tumor cells and the degree of lymphoid cell infiltration, but indicate an aberrant HLA-DR expression of tumor cells themselves.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Successful treatment of neonatal aneurysmal dilatation of the vein of Galen: the role of prenatal diagnosis and trans-arterial embolization.

We report a neonate with aneurysmal dilatation of the vein of Galen diagnosed prenatally by color Doppler sonography and MRI at 37 weeks' gestation. The child was treated by transarterial embolization of micro-coils 2 and 8 days after birth. The aneurysmal dilatation of the vein of Galen markedly decreased after embolization and the patient is developing normally at 2 years 5 months of age. Prenatal diagnosis and early intervention by transarterial embolization produced in a good outcome in this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

HTLV-II-specific antisera raised in rabbits immunized with a synthetic peptide of HTLV-II envelope protein.

In order to discriminate HTLV-II from HTLV-I, HTLV-II-specific polyclonal antibodies against a synthetic peptide of HTLV-II envelope sequence were raised in rabbits. We immunized two adult rabbits with a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 171-196 of the HTLV-II envelope sequence, which is a specific region for HTLV-II as evaluated with an ELISA method. The resulting rabbit antisera to the synthetic peptide reacted with gp46 of HTLV-II lysates in Western blot analysis but not with that of HTLV-I. Flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemical study revealed that these affinity purified antisera recognized some HTLV-II-producing cell lines examined, but not HTLV-I-producing cell lines or other cell lines uninfected by HTLV. These findings indicate that these antisera specifically recognized the envelope glycoprotein (gp46) of HTLV-II and suggest the specificity of this region in the immune response to HTLV-II. Such antisera are useful in distinguishing between HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection and in determining the presence of individual HTLV-II-infected cells both in vivo and in vitro, including non-lymphoid cells. They may also assist in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of HTLV-II.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Human helper T cell lines established by coculture of normal human cord leukocytes with an HTLV-II-infected rabbit leukocyte cell line (Ra-IIA).

Three helper T cell lines, designated CR-IIA (CR-IIA-1, CR-IIA-2, and CR-IIA-3), were established by coculturing normal human cord leukocytes with a lethally irradiated HTLV-II (human T-lymphotropic virus type II)-infected rabbit leukocyte cell line (Ra-IIA). CR-IIA had a normal human karyotype and expressed the surface markers CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(-), CD19(-), CD25(+) and HLA-DR(+), confirming their helper T cell nature. CR-IIA cells were all free of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen and were immunoreactive with serum samples from HTLV-I- or HTLV-II-infected patients and with anti-HTLV-I, p19 or p24 antibody. The provirus genome of HTLV-II was detected in these cell lines by the polymerase chain reaction combined with a digoxigenin-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Electron microscopy of CR-IIA-1 cells revealed a few immature type C virus particles. These results suggest that HTLV-II was transmitted from the infected rabbit leukocyte cell line to human cord helper T lymphocytes with the development of immortalized HTLV-II-producing T cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Balloon valvuloplasty for congenital aortic valve stenosis in an infant and children.

Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) was performed in 14 patients, including one critically ill infant with congenital valvular aortic stenosis (AS). BAV was effective in 13 patients (except the infant). The peak systolic pressure gradient between the left ventricle (LV) and the ascending aorta decreased from 76.6 +/- 21.6 to 29.5 +/- 15.3 mmHg (P less than 0.001). Follow-up cardiac catheterization was performed for eight patients between 1 and 3 years (1.6 +/- 1.1 years) after BAV. Restenosis was found in only one patient, and the efficacy of BAV continued significantly. Aortic regurgitation developed or increased in severity in 5 of 13 children immediately after BAV. Any other severe complication was not observed. Dilatation by BAV was not sufficient for the infant with critical AS, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the lateral wall of the LV occurred during the BAV procedure. The infant died 3 days after the procedure due to AMI. It was concluded that the retrograde double balloon technique was superior to the retrograde single balloon technique. In two cases, the single balloon technique was ineffective because it was impossible to fix the balloon at the aortic annulus. However, the double balloon technique was effective in every patient. BAV is effective for AS in children, and an optional repeat trial may enable BAV to be the first choice for AS. Although BAV may be effective for neonates and infants with critical AS as an emergency treatment, much attention must be paid during the procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Studies on the association of NIDDM in Japanese patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease.

We attempted to analyze the association of hyperthyroid Graves' disease with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Forty-nine patients (23 males and 26 females; 7.6%) of a total of 647 patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease had NIDDM, several years before or after Graves' disease was diagnosed. Only 1 patient had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Compared with the general Japanese population (n = 9,133), the incidence of NIDDM (n = 348; 3.9%) in patients with Graves' disease was higher in all age groups. Only 4 patients (8.2%) of the 49 hyperthyroid patients with NIDDM had a history of being overweight (body mass index > 25). In contrast, 276 (79.9%) of the 348 diabetic patients were currently or previously overweight. Moreover, the incidence of a family history of diabetes (13 of the 49 hyperthyroid Graves' patients with NIDDM; 26.5%) was also lower in the patients with NIDDM in the general Japanese population (50% incidence). The male:female ration in patients with Graves' disease and NIDDM was 1:1.1; much different from that in the total Graves' disease population (1:4.1). Analysis of the HLA loci A, B, C, DR and DQ (35 determinations) in 35 hyperthyroid patients with NIDDM and in 386 subjects from the general population revealed a highly significant difference between them in the incidence of HLA-Cw4, -DR2, -DQw1, -DQw3 and -DQw4. This study suggests that there was an association of Graves' disease with NIDDM. A significant association of HLA-DR and -DQ loci was observed in hyperthyroid Graves' patients with NIDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pulmonary circulatory dysfunction in rats with biliary cirrhosis. An animal model of the hepatopulmonary syndrome.

We studied hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and pulmonary gas exchange in unanesthetized rats with biliary cirrhosis induced by chronic bile duct ligation (BDL) (5 to 6 wk) and compared pulmonary vascular reactivity in perfused lungs isolated from BDL and control rats. Awake, catheter-implanted, cirrhotic rats exhibited increased cardiac output, normal systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, and decreased total systemic (TSR) and pulmonary (TPR) vascular resistances in comparison with those in sham-operated control rats. HPV was markedly depressed in cirrhotic rats (percent increase in TPR while breathing 8% O2: 42.3 +/- 13.7% in control and 0.9 +/- 3.6% in cirrhotic rats, p less than 0.05), and this was associated with an increased AaPO2 (control rats, 15.7 +/- 1.1 mm Hg; cirrhotic rats, 23.1 +/- 1.9 mm Hg; p less than 0.05). In contrast, the pulmonary pressor response to angiotensin II was intact, and the depression of HPV in cirrhotic rats was ameliorated after angiotensin II infusion. These changes in cirrhotic rats were not due to the accompanying cholestasis since noncirrhotic rats with severe cholestasis had intact HPV and normal AaPO2. Lungs isolated from cirrhotic rats and perfused with blood from normal rats exhibited two patterns of response to hypoxia. In one group, HPV was blunted compared with that in control rats (change in pulmonary arterial perfusion pressure after 3% O2: control rats, 23.2 +/- 2.8 mm Hg; cirrhotic rats, 4.8 +/- 1.4 mm Hg; p less than 0.01). Similar to the result in intact rat, angiotensin-II-induced vasoconstriction was preserved in lungs from cirrhotic rats, and HPV increased significantly after angiotensin II infusion (to 17.3 +/- 4.8 mm Hg). In the second group, baseline pulmonary arterial pressure progressively increased during normoxia, and this increase was attenuated by hypoxic ventilation (hypoxic vasodilation).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Hypotensive effect of a phosphorus-containing novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, (S)-1-[6-amino-2[[hydroxy(4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl] oxy]-1-oxohexyl]-L-proline (SQ 29,852) in conscious hypertensive dogs.

The hypotensive efficacy of (S)-1-[6-amino-2[[hydroxy(4-phenylbutyl) phosphinyl]oxy]-1-oxohexyl]-L-proline (SQ 29,852), a phosphorus-containing novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) was examined in conscious two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive dogs. The acute hypotensive effect of SQ 29 852 was compared with that of captopril or enalapril at 3 mg/kg, p.o., for each, and the potencies were ranked as follows, enalapril greater than SQ 29,852 greater than captopril. On the other hand, the hypotension caused by repetitive dosing with SQ 29,852 (3 mg/kg, p.o./d for 7 d followed by another 7-d treatment with 10 mg/kg, p.o./d) was somewhat more marked than that by enalapril at the same dosage. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased in all the animals given enalapril, while that in all of the SQ 29,852-treated animals did not increase. These results indicate that SQ 29,852 is a potent, and long-lasting ACEI with a possible low incidence of side effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

An acidic polysaccharide having immunological activities from the rhizome of Cnidium officinale.

An acidic polysaccharide, designated as cnidirhan AG, was isolated from the rhizomes of Cnidium officinale Makino. It was homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 5.1 x 10(4). It showed pronounced reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test, and had a remarkable effect on both anti-complementary and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities. It is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: D-glucuronic acid in the molar ratio of 2:6:1, in addition to small amounts of O-acetyl groups. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, controlled Smith degradation and limited acid hydrolysis indicated that the core structural features of cnidirhan AG include a backbone chain composed of beta-1,3-linked D-galactose residues. Some of the galactose units in the backbone carry beta-D-galactosyl side chains at position 6. Both alpha-L-arabinosyl arabinose side chains and terminal beta-D-glucuronic acid residues are linked to the core galactan units.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

The core structure of ukonan A, a phagocytosis-activating polysaccharide from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, and immunological activities of degradation products.

The controlled Smith degradation of ukonan A, a phagocytosis-activating polysaccharide isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., was performed. The reticuloendothelial system-potentiating, anti-complementary and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities of ukonan A and its degradation products were investigated. Methylation analyses of both the primary and the secondary Smith degradation products indicated that the core structural features of ukonan A include a backbone chain mainly composed of beta-1,3-linked D-galactose, beta-1,4-linked D-xylose and alpha-1,2-linked L-rhamnose residues. All of the galactose units in the backbone carry side chains composed of alpha-L-arabino-beta-D-galactosyl or beta-D-galactosyl residues at position 6. Ukonan A has a remarkable effect on each of the three kinds of immunological activities. Periodate oxidation caused pronounced decrease or disappearance of the activities, but the controlled Smith degradation product having the core structure of polysaccharide showed considerable restoration of these activities.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Mitral valve prolapse in childhood: the incidence and clinical presentations in different age groups.

To elucidate the incidence and natural history of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) during childhood, we investigated a total of 4,238 children (aged from 1 day to 15 years) classified by age into 4 groups: Group 1:1 to 28-day-old full-term normal newborns (n = 108), Group 2: 6 to 18-month-old infants (n = 391), Group 3: 6 to 7-year-old children (n = 2,801), and Group 4: 12 to 15-year-old children (n = 938). The incidence of MVP was determined by videorecorded two-dimensional echocardiography in a double-blind method twice-over. There were 109 cases diagnosed as having MVP. The incidence rates of MVP were as follows: Group 1: 0%, Group 2: 0.25%, Group 3: 2.1% and Group 4: 5.1%. Arrhythmias were detected in 49% (27/55) by Holter ECG, and by exercise stress test in 4.7% (2/43). Eighty-three (77%) of 108 cases in Groups 3 and 4, excluding the 1 case in Group 2, showed no symptoms. Ventricular premature contraction (VPC) was the most common arrhythmia, and was benign in all cases. A mid-systolic click (MSC), late systolic murmur (LSM), MSC + LSM, and a pansystolic murmur were detected in 23.1%, 3.7%, 4.6% and 5.6%, respectively. Symptoms caused by MVP increased and appeared more apparently with age. Further prospective long-term follow-up studies to adulthood are necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacology of a phosphorus-containing novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 29 852 in anesthetized dogs.

The effects of (S)-1[6-amino-2[[hydrozy(4- phenylbutyl)phosphinyl]oxy]-1-oxohexyl]-L-proline (SQ 29 852), a phosphorus-containing novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), which is synthesized aiming an ACEI with long-lasting activity and with few side effects, were studied using anesthetized dogs. SQ 29 852 was equipotent with captopril to modify blood pressure response of the animals to angiotensin I (Ang I) and bradykinin (Bdk). An intravenous infusion of SQ 29 852 at 0.1 mg/kg/min for 30 min caused a remarkable hypotension without reflex tachycardia in open-chest dogs. In these animals cardiac contractility (dP/dtmax of left ventricular pressure) appeared to be reduced by SQ 29 852 without any changes in right atrial pressure (RAP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and aortic blood flow (AoF, cardiac output). In sodium-restricted dogs, the hypotension and renal vasodilation by SQ 29 852 (at 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg, i.v.) were slightly pronounced compared with animals fed with normal diet. It is demonstrated from these results that SQ 29 852 has comparable potency with captopril to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and as common a pharmacological profile as ACEI. SQ 29 852 may be a favorable antihypertensive agent, if its long-lasting activity and few side effects are confirmed.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1991

Reticuloendothelial system-potentiating and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities of Plantago-mucilage A, the main mucilage from the seed of Plantago asiatica, and its five modification products.

Five kinds of chemically modified products were prepared from Plantago-mucilage A, the representative mucous polysaccharide isolated from the seed of Plantago asiatica L., and their reticuloendothelial system-potentiating and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities have been investigated. Both activities were markedly enhanced when the mucilage was de-O-acetylated. The products obtained by periodate oxidation, controlled Smith degradation, and partial acid hydrolysis under the two conditions were not effective. Structural features of the partial hydrolyzates were elucidated, and it was shown that these products lost all O-acetyl groups, all xylose branches and many hexuronosyl arabinose side chains.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of a polysaccharide having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the stolon of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera.

An acidic polysaccharide, named glycyrrhizan GA, was isolated from the stolon of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. glandulifera Reg. et Herd. It produced a single band on electrophoresis and a single peak on gel chromatography, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 85,000. Glycyrrhizan GA is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid: D-glucuronic acid in the molar ratio of 22:10:1:2:1, in addition to small amounts of O-acetyl groups. Part of the hexuronic acid residues exist as methyl esters. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies indicated that its structural features include mainly alpha-arabino-beta-3,6-galactan type structural units. Glycyrrhizan GA showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test.

Animals↗