Biomedical subjects

N O'Higgins

Publications and source records attributed to N O'Higgins.

78 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Safety guidelines for radiolocalised sentinel node resection.

BACKGROUND: Sentinel node radiolocalisation procedures are associated with low levels of radiation exposure. Radioactive material is present in the operating theatre and pathology laboratory. In most hospitals there are no official regulations in place for sentinel node radiation exposure. AIM: To establish guidelines on the safety of sentinel node mapping with emphasis on the management of radioisotopes. METHODS: The current literature regarding sentinel node procedures and radiation safety was reviewed. EU and US radiation safety regulations were scrutinised. RESULTS: Personnel involved in sentinel node procedures are exposed to low levels of radiation. These levels are not high enough to require designated radiation workers in the theatre and pathology laboratory. Awareness of radiation safety and certain precautions during the procedure and processing of the specimen can further reduce levels of exposure. CONCLUSION: Although low levels of radiation exposure are associated with sentinel node procedures, awareness of radiation safety and adherence to regulations, along with close interdepartmental co-operation, are recommended for further reduction in radiation exposure and safe application of this technique.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Tamoxifen as the primary treatment in elderly patients with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing incidence of breast cancer in patients over 70 years, there is interest in the best therapeutic approach. AIMS: To review the management of breast cancer in elderly women and to identify the factors involved in the decision to treat patients with tamoxifen as first line therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1986 and 1999, 302 female patients aged > or = 70 years presented with primary breast cancer, of whom 219 underwent surgery, 79 received tamoxifen as first line treatment and four received primary radiotherapy. A retrospective review was performed on these 79 patients and the outcome recorded. RESULTS: Of these 79 patients, data was available on 68. Follow-up ranged from one to 63 months (median 17 months). Co-morbidity was the principal reason for choosing first line tamoxifen therapy in 61% and patient preference in 11%. Tumour size was less than 5cm in 51%. In 25% tumour size decreased, in 24% it remained stable and in 27% it increased in size following tamoxifen therapy. Additional treatment was prescribed for 33% of patients. CONCLUSION: In the authors' experience, for those elderly patients suffering considerable co-morbidity or who refuse surgical intervention, tamoxifen is an acceptable alternative.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CA 15-3: a prognostic marker in breast cancer.

CA 15-3 (also known as MUC1) is the most widely used serum marker in breast cancer. MUC1 is a large transmembrane glycoprotein which is frequently overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in cancer. Physiologically, MUC1 appears to play a role in cell adhesion and the high levels present in cancer may be causally involved in metastasis. At present the main uses of CA 15-3 are in preclinically detecting recurrent breast cancer and monitoring the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer. In a prospective study of 368 patients we show that patients with high preoperative levels of CA 15-3 (>30.4 U/mL) had a worse outcome than patients with low levels of the marker. In multivariate analysis CA 15-3 as a prognostic marker was independent of both tumor size and nodal status. Furthermore, in multivariate analysis the prognostic impact of CA 15-3 was stronger than that of tumor size and at least as strong as nodal status. CA 15-3 may thus be the first independent prognostic serum marker in breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of estrogen receptor-beta mRNA in breast cancer using RT-PCR.

The estrogen receptor (ER) is the most useful marker currently available for breast cancer, being used both to predict response to therapy and assess prognosis. Recently, a new form of the ER, known as ER-beta, was identified. In this preliminary study we show that ER-beta mRNA was expressed less frequently in breast cancers than ER-alpha. ER-alpha but not ER-beta levels correlated with ER protein as determined by ELISA. We conclude that ER-beta is expressed in approximately 50% of breast cancers but it does not appear to be detected by a widely available ELISA.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMedDate not supplied

47 years of phaeochromocytomas.

Thirty three patients with phaeochromocytomas had surgery in St. Vincent's Hospital between 1950 and 1997. 32 patients had hypertension, 32 had palpitations and 30 had excessive sweating. All patients had at least one of these cardinal symptoms. Diagnostic tests changed over this period. In the early cases the phentolamine test was used, later diagnosis was confirmed by measurement of urinary VMA and catecholamines. IVP, CT, ultrasound or MIBG scanning were used to locate the tumours. Before 1967, 3 of 17 patients died peri-operatively, 2 of these from strokes and one from pulmonary embolism. Since then, all patients have survived surgery. Four of the women had phaeochromocytomas diagnosed during pregnancy. Two of the 33 patients had tumours that were malignant, the remainder being benign. One patient has died from metastatic disease. This series illustrates the changing trends in the surgical management of phaeochromocytomas.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The value of sentinel node mapping for staging melanoma.

One of the most important prognostic features of malignant melanoma is the involvement of regional lymph nodes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is increasingly used to stage melanoma in order to avoid lymph node dissection in patients who clinically have no lymph node involvement. We present a prospective study of 27 patients who underwent SLNB from November 1999. Lymphoscintigraphy was done on the day of surgery, and SLNB guided by blue dye and/or gamma probe performed. A sentinel node was identified in all 27 patients, mean age 46 years. The mean Breslow thickness was 1.63mm. Excision of 1-3 sentinel nodes (mean 1.5) was performed. In 3/27 patients metastatic disease was detected in the sentinel node, 2 patients had therapeutic lymph node dissections, and one had chemotherapy. There were no major complications. SLNB is a valuable technique for staging melanoma, however impact on overall survival requires longer follow up.

Adolescent↗