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Biomedical subjects

N Nishimoto

Publications and source records attributed to N Nishimoto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Normal pre-B cells express a receptor complex of mu heavy chains and surrogate light-chain proteins.

Precursors of B cells, which constitute a subpopulation of the lymphocytes in bone marrow, can be identified by their surface expression of nonimmunoglobulin markers and the absence of immunoglobulin kappa and lambda light chains. Most pre-B cells synthesize mu heavy chains but, without light-chain partners, these undergo rapid cytoplasmic degradation. In the present study, we demonstrate that late stage pre-B cells, like their neoplastic counterparts, express low levels of a surface receptor composed of mu chains paired with a surrogate light-chain complex formed by Vpre-B and lambda 5-like proteins. The data define a previously suspected but unrecognized stage in normal pre-B-cell differentiation. Expression of a clonally diverse receptor renders this population of immature B-lineage cells potentially vulnerable to clonal selection by antigens and idiotypic interactions.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1991

Effect of ecdysterone on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells.

Ecdysterone dose-dependently inhibited anti-IgE-induced histamine release from mast cells. Moreover, the rate and extent of histamine release from mast cells induced by Concanavalin A (Con A) are significantly diminished in samples incubated with ecdysterone. Ecdysterone inhibited both the initial and gradual rise in fluorescent response by anti-IgE and Con A. The effects of ecdysterone on the fluorescence response was correlated with the inhibition of histamine release. These results suggest the possibility that the inhibition of histamine release from rat mast cells by ecdysterone might be due to inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular Ca2+ storage.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Factors relating to postoperative infections in cancer patients].

Some factors relating to the increasing prevalence of postoperative infections after gastroenterological surgery were investigated from the standpoint of both patients profile and isolated bacteria. Data were collected from 542 cancer patients comprising 39 with esophagus cancer, 229 with gastric cancer, 149 with hepato-biliary tract and pancreatic cancer and 125 with colon cancer. Respiratory infections after operations were most frequently caused by aging, disturbance of glucose tolerance and respiratory dysfunction, whereas with intraabdominal abscess the major factors were disturbance of glucose tolerance, hepatic dysfunction and respiratory dysfunction in this order. Two factors in the management of patients during operation were singled out as mainly contributing to infection: these were prolonged operative time as in the case of esophagus cancer or hepato-biliary tract and pancreatic cancer, and massive intraoperative bleeding as in hepato-biliary tract, pancreatic and gastric cancer. As isolated bacteria, the most frequent clinical isolates were MRSA, Enterococcus, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter, and it is noteworthy that all of these were strongly resistant to all antimicrobial agents. The greater emphasis on prevention control of postoperative infections, therefore, should be focussed on aging, preoperative risk factors, surgical stress and the kinds of antimicrobial agents administered.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1990

Effects of nutrients and hormones on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of fatty acid synthase in rat liver.

The effects of nutrients and hormones on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of fatty acid synthase in rat liver were investigated following cDNA cloning. When fasted rats were fed a carbohydrate/protein diet, the transcriptional rate was greatly increased even in 1 h. The transcriptional rate, mRNA concentration and enzyme induction reached maximum levels in 4 h, 8-16 h and 48 h, respectively. Although dietary carbohydrate increased each level more than protein did, both carbohydrate and protein were required to reach a high level. Corn oil feeding markedly decreased the transcriptional rate. In diabetic rats, the transcriptional rate, mRNA concentration and enzyme induction were very low in comparison with the normal. By treating the diabetic rats with insulin, however, the transcriptional rate was increased 5-fold in 1 h and 15-fold in 6 h, preceding a great increase in the mRNA and enzyme levels. On the other hand, fructose feeding or triiodothyronine treatment of diabetic rats abundantly increased the mRNA concentration and somewhat increased the transcriptional rate. Thus, it is suggested that insulin mainly stimulates the transcription of the fatty acid synthase gene, whereas triiodothyronine and fructose mainly increase the mRNA stability.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of nutrients and hormones on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in rat liver.

The effects of nutrients and hormones on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in rat liver were investigated following a cDNA cloning. After refeeding a carbohydrate/protein diet to fasted rats, the transcriptional rate was increased 2.5-fold in only 1 h. The mRNA concentration reached a maximal level of 9-12-fold increase in 8-16 h, and the enzyme induction increased 10-fold in 48 h. By a carbohydrate diet without protein, the transcriptional rate, mRNA concentration and enzyme induction were similarly increased to the levels in the carbohydrate/protein diet. It appears that protein feeding is not necessary to induce acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Corn oil feeding decreased the transcriptional rate. In diabetic rats, the transcriptional rate, mRNA concentration and enzyme induction were very low in comparison with the normal. After insulin treatment, the transcriptional rate was increased 2-fold (the normal level) in 2 h in diabetic rats. By fructose feeding to diabetic rats, the transcriptional rate and mRNA concentration were increased similarly to the levels reached by insulin treatment, while the enzyme induction was increased by only 60%. Thus, it is suggested that insulin is importantly involved in the transcription and also translation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. On the other hand, triiodothyronine treatment increased the mRNA and enzyme levels in diabetic and normal rats, and somewhat increased the transcriptional rate only in diabetic rats. Triiodothyronine appears to stabilize the mRNA besides having an insulin-like action in acetyl-CoA carboxylase transcription.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1990

Elevated levels of interleukin-6 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.

A significant elevation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) level was observed both in serum (mean 0.455 +/- 0.251) and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (mean 0.043 +/- 0.016) obtained from 13 patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) when compared to that of either asymptomatic carriers (mean 0.181 +/- 0.074 and 0.021 +/- 0.015, respectively) or controls (mean 0.208 +/- 0.119 and 0.021 +/- 0.015, respectively). The differences were statistically significant between HAM/TSP and asymptomatic carrier for serum (P less than 0.05) or CSF (P less than 0.01). The correlation indexes between serum IL-6 and anti-HTLV-I antibody titers in serum and CSF were 0.61 (P less than 0.06) and 0.67 (P less than 0.05), respectively. Both the cell count and protein level in CSF correlated with CSF IL-6 activity at 0.68 (P less than 0.01) and 0.56 (P less than 0.05), respectively. The results demonstrate that IL-6 may contribute to the production of anti-HTLV-I antibody, and signs of slight inflammation are present in the central nervous system in HAM/TSP.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Interleukin 6 and expression of its receptor on epidermal keratinocytes.

Interleukin 6 (IL 6) was detected in the culture supernatants of human epidermal keratinocytes and its production was enhanced by stimulation with cytokines. Production of IL 6 in keratinocytes was demonstrated directly by immunohistochemical staining of cultured cells with anti-IL 6 antibody. Keratinocyte-growth was increased by stimulation with recombinant IL 6 (as measured by either [3H] thymidine uptake or direct cell count). Moreover, expression of IL 6 receptor was demonstrated on monolayered cells, and the deeper cells of stratified keratinocytes in culture by immunohistochemistry. On the other hand, differentiated cells in the upper layers did not express IL 6 receptor on their surfaces, suggesting that the expression of IL 6 receptors may be confined to the proliferative cells. Thus, IL 6, which is produced by epidermal keratinocytes, may be involved in the regulation of normal keratinocyte growth.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1989

Pathogenic significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6/BSF-2) in Castleman's disease.

Castleman's disease is a syndrome consisting of giant lymph node hyperplasia with plasma cell infiltration, fever, anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and an increase in the plasma level of acute phase proteins. It has been reported that clinical abnormalities disappear after the resection of the affected lymph nodes, suggesting that products of lymph nodes may cause such clinical abnormalities. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine inducing B-cell differentiation to immunoglobulin-producing cells and regulating biosynthesis of acute phase proteins. This report demonstrates that the germinal centers of hyperplastic lymph nodes of patients with Castleman's disease produce large quantities of IL-6 without any significant production of other cytokines. In a patient with a solitary hyperplastic lymph node, clinical improvement and decrease in serum IL-6 were observed following surgical removal of the involved lymph node. There was a correlation between serum IL-6 level, lymph node hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia, increased level of acute phase proteins, and clinical abnormalities. The findings in this report indicate that the generation of IL-6 by B cells in germinal centers of hyperplastic lymph nodes of Castleman's disease may be the key element responsible for the variety of clinical symptoms in this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Age-related changes of the function of T cell subsets: predominant defect of the proliferative response in CD8 positive T cell subset in aged persons.

The proportion of CD8 positive cells in the peripheral blood AET-rosette forming T cells from aged persons was significantly reduced than that from young persons. The difference in the proportion between aged and young groups became more significant after proliferative response to a mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or a specific antigen tuberculin active peptide (TAP). The purified macrophage-deprived T cells (Twp), CD4 (T4) positive cells or CD8 positive cells were prepared from aged or young persons. These cell preparations lost proliferative response to PHA or TAP but showed marked proliferative response to the combined stimulation to 1 microM of ionomycin and 1 nM of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) at usual culture cell density (2.5 X 10(5)/ml). Proliferative responses of these cell preparations to the combined stimulation were significantly reduced in the aged than those in the young and the magnitude of the difference in the proliferative responses between aged and young groups was more pronounced in CD8 positive cell population than in CD4 positive cell population. Although the cell preparations were relatively independent of exogenous IL-2 for the proliferative response to the combined stimulation of ionomycin and PMA at usual culture cell density, they needed exogenous IL-2 for sustained proliferation at lower culture cell density (5 X 10(3)/ml). These IL-2-dependent proliferative responses to the combined stimulation in the aged were significantly lower than those in the young and again the difference in the proliferative magnitude between aged and young groups was greater in CD8 positive population. The mechanism(s) of age-related change of the proportion and proliferative ability of T subsets were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reno-colic-cutaneous fistula.

A case of reno-colic-cutaneous fistula is presented. Of several diagnostic methods, fistulography combined with computerized tomography was the most useful to locate the precise anatomical site of involvement. Total nephrectomy, resection of the descending colon and excision of the retroperitoneal abscess were successfully performed.

Colonic Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Urinary retention secondary to ovarian dysgerminoma in a girl.

A thirteen-year-old girl sought medical advice because of a markedly weakened urinary stream with severe hesitancy. She was referred to the pediatric clinic because of 3 episodes of acute urinary retention during a previous month. Pelvic examination showed a retrovesical tumor. An excretory urogram revealed bilateral ureterectasis and pyelocalicectasis. Two weeks after left nephrostomy, surgical exploration demonstrated a right ovarian mass causing compression of the left ureter and obstruction of the bladder neck. Excision of the tumor was performed without difficulty, following which the patient resumed normal voiding. The resected tumor weighed 815 Gm and pathologic examination showed dysgerminoma. Postoperatively the following two and one half years were uneventful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Ectopic ureteral opening in four males: including a case of inverted Y ureteral duplication].

Four males with ectopic ureteral opening are reported herein. Case 1 was a 17 year old who complained of miction pain and macroscopic hematuria. Cystoscopy and radiological examinations showed left ectopic ureteral opening into the seminal vesicle associated with left renal agenesis. The left ureter and seminal vesicle were extirpated. Case 2 was a 21 year old who complained of lower abdominal pain. On physical examination, a child's head sized mass was palpable in the midline of the lower abdomen. Operation was performed under diagnosis of intrapelvic tumor, but the mass was cystic dilatation of left ureter which opened into the seminal vesicle. Case 3 was a 19 year old who complained of right CVA colic pain. On cystoscopy, the right ureteral orifice was absent. During the operation, right ureter was found to open into the posterior urethra. Case 4 was a 57 year old who complained of fever. Plain X-ray on the pelvic cavity showed a 82 X 10 mm calcified shadow. CT revealed a right ectopic ureteral opening into the posterior urethra with a ureteral stone in it. On cystoscopy, the right ureteral orifice was identified and pus discharge was observed to flow out of it. Operative exploration demonstrated that the right ureter was inverted Y duplication; one opened into the posterior urethra and the other into the trigone. Seventy nine males with ectopic ureteral opening and 3 with inverted Y ureteral duplication from the Japanese literature are reviewed briefly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of cefadroxil in urinary tract infections].

Clinical effect of cefadroxil (CDX) against urinary tract infections was reported herein. CDX, a daily dose of 0.75 g t.i.d., has been applied for the treatment of (I) 40 cases with simple UTI for average 6.4 days and (II) 47 cases with the complicated UTI for average 8.9 days. Rates of effectiveness were obtained 95% in (I) and 57% in (II). Side effects were noted in 10 cases (9.3%) out of total 107 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of cefaclor in urinary tract infections (2)].

A second part of our continuous investigation on the clinical effect of cefaclor (CCL) against urinary tract infections was reported herein. CCL, a daily dose of 0.75 g t.i.d., has been applied for the treatment of (I) 76 cases with the uncomplicated acute cystitis in the women, and (II) 55 cases with the complicated. Rates of effectiveness were obtained 98.7% in (I) and 60% in (II). Side effects were noted in 13 cases out of total 150 cases.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

[Primary hyperparathyroidism associated with bladder tumor: report of a case].

A 47-year-old man was admitted with chief complaints of macroscopic hematuria and bone pain. Hypercalcemia still remained after three small papillary tumors on the left retrotrigonal wall of the bladder were resected transurethrally. Some biochemical as well as X-ray examinations thereafter pointed out an association with primary hyperparathyroidism. An adenoma arising from right upper parathyroid gland was found and excised. Then his symptoms, both subjective and objective, were normalized. Six documented cases of primary hyperparathyroidism associated with urological malignancy including our own were found in the Japanese literature.

Calcium↗