Biomedical subjects

N Nagata

Publications and source records attributed to N Nagata.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Intracellular hydrogen peroxide production by peripheral phagocytes from diabetic patients. Dissociation between polymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes.

Although the standard assays for reactive oxygen species have been based on the measurement of those released into the extracellular environment, the microbicidal capacity to the engulfed microorganisms is mainly dependent on those released into the intracellular environment, such as phagosomes. We studied intracellular oxidative activities of individual phagocytes by dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) oxidation assay to investigate the relationship between the reactive oxygen species released intracellularly and the impaired microbicidal capacity in diabetic patients. Time courses of intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) and monocytes were observed at the resting condition and after the stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 160 nM) by flow cytometry. Thirty-four patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 23 age-matched healthy volunteers were subjected to the studies. PMNL from patients with NIDDM showed a significantly decreased capacity to produce hydrogen peroxide after the stimulation (P less than 0.05 at 15 min, P less than 0.01 at 30 and 45 min). By contrast, intracellular hydrogen peroxide production by monocytes at the resting condition and an early stimulatory phase (8 min after the stimulation) was significantly (P less than 0.01) enhanced in patients with NIDDM compared with that in controls. Both the changes of intracellular hydrogen peroxide production observed in PMNL and monocytes from patients with NIDDM were in association with an increased haemoglobin Alc level in erythrocytes, but did not relate to total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the serum. The possible mechanisms of these dissociated changes in hydrogen peroxide producing capacity of phagocytes from patients with NIDDM are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Suction effusion fluid from skin and constituent analysis: new candidate for interstitial fluid.

The authors analyzed the constituents of effuse transcutaneous fluid, labeled suction effusion fluid (SEF), and monitored its glucose concentration during glucose loading in rabbits (Japan White, female) under pentobarbital anesthesia. The SEF was sampled by suctioning corneal layer-stripped skin at 400 mmHg absolute pressure. The SEF proved to have nearly the same concentrations as serum for lower-molecular-weight substances such as glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogens, but not for higher-molecular-weight substances such as serum proteins. The SEF protein concentration was one-fourth that of serum protein. Proteins > 100 kDa molecular mass were barely detectable in the SEF. Monitoring of SEF glucose change every 10 min during intravenous glucose loading was successfully accomplished, and SEF glucose concentration followed blood glucose concentration with a 10-min delay. The SEF was thought to consist of interstitial fluid and/or effuse fluid from small vessels in subcutaneous tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

A case of pulmonary tuberculosis with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy diagnosed by sputum culture subsequent to open thoracic biopsy.

We report a case of pulmonary tuberculosis with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Open thoracic lymph nodes and lung biopsy revealed findings consistent with sarcoidosis. Culture and special staining of the biopsied specimen for mycobacteria were negative. Culture of the postoperative sputum grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis and antituberculous therapy resulted in a decrease in sizes of the lymphadenopathy. A review of the literature, with emphasis on the differential diagnosis between tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, is discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing malignant lymphoma.

A 71-year-old woman with leukocytosis was admitted for treatment of malignant lymphoma. During the clinical course, neutrophilia of unknown origin occurred in parallel with the progression of the malignant lymphoma. The supernatant of lymphoma tissue culture contained a high titer of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and lymphoma cells were positive when immunohistochemically stained by anti-G-CSF antibody. Western blot analysis and mouse colony assay of the supernatant also confirmed that the lymphoma produced G-CSF.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Guinea pig model of immunologic asthma induced by inhalation of trimellitic anhydride.

We established a model of asthma induced by trimellitic anhydride (TMA) in guinea pigs and assessed the role of sensitization in the development of their bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and relationship between bronchial responsiveness and bronchial inflammation. Fourteen guinea pigs (sensitized group) were administered 1 mg/0.5 ml of trimellity 36-bovine serum albumin intramuscularly and 0.5 ml of complete Freund adjuvant on Day 1 as the priming dose. Booster doses were repeated on Day 15. By Day 28, all of the sensitized animals showed a high passive hemagglutination titer against trimellityl 14-ovalbumin. On Day 29, they were challenged by an inhalation of TMA (150 mg/m3) for 30 min, and respiratory resistance (Rrs) was monitored by the oscillation method. In all sensitized animals, Rrs increased immediately upon challenge and returned to baseline within 6 h. The bronchial reactivity to acetylcholine (Ach), measured 6 h after TMA challenge in the sensitized animals, increased significantly (p < 0.01) compared with that measured 24 h before challenge; that measured 24 h later was not different from that before challenge. There was also a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the number of eosinophils in the lamina propria and the epithelium 6 and 24 h after the challenge inhalation in the sensitized group. The increased airway responsiveness to Ach in the sensitized animals was correlated with an increase in the number of eosinophils in the lamina propria and the epithelium. These observations suggest that humoral antibody and eosinophils are involved in the pathogenesis of TMA-induced asthma.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1992

The usefulness of step sectioning of transbronchial lung biopsy specimen in diagnosing sarcoidosis.

To evaluate the usefulness of step sectioning of the transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimens obtained from patients with suspected sarcoidosis, we examined all TBLB specimens obtained from 132 patients who were diagnosed clinically as having sarcoidosis at our institute. When routine sections of TBLB specimens did not show sarcoid granuloma, we prepared additional serial sections from each block and stained every fifth section with hematoxylineosin (step sectioning). All step sections were examined histologically. With the aid of step sectioning, the diagnostic yield of sarcoidosis increased from 38 percent (18/47) to 47 percent (22/47) in stage 1 patients, and from 57 percent (37/65) to 82 percent (53/65) in stage 2 patients. All of the newly detected granulomas were identified between the first and seventh sections. We conclude that step sectioning is useful method in diagnosing sarcoidosis.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

A case of asymptomatic cortisol producing adrenal adenoma.

We describe a man without the clinical findings of Cushing's syndrome, but who harbored an incidentally found cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma. On adrenal 131I-adsterol imaging, there was good uptake to the nodule, but no visualization of the contralateral adrenal. No abnormalities were found in the basal plasma cortisol, ACTH, urinary free cortisol and 17OHCS. However, dynamic hormone assessment revealed the existence of abnormal cortisol secretion: no suppression to dexamethasone, incomplete response to human corticotropin-releasing hormone, and lack of diurnal variation in plasma cortisol. Left adrenalectomy was performed with the diagnosis of cortisol-producing adrenal tumor. The pathological finding was an adrenal adenoma, and the perifusion of the excised tissues revealed a negligible response of the tumor tissue to ACTH though the residual normal cortex responded. Postoperative course was uneventful without replacement therapy with cortisol. It is suggested that the tumor autonomously produced a small amount of cortisol not only insufficient to provide clinical Cushing's syndrome, but also to provide typical suppression of hypothalamo-pituitary corticotroph-adrenal system.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1992

Primary mediastinal diffuse large cell lymphoma initially presented with pericardial infiltration.

A 33-year-old Japanese woman visited our hospital with progressive dyspnea. A chest roentgenogram and a chest computed tomogram revealed a mediastinal tumor and pericardial effusion. Ultrasound cardiography revealed the existence of cardiac tamponade. She was successfully treated with emergency pericardial drainage, thoracocentesis and chemotherapy. The histological diagnosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma was established with the tumor specimen obtained by transcutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy and through immunohistochemical analysis. This is a rare case of primary mediastinal diffuse large cell lymphoma with initial presentation of a symptom related to pericardial effusion.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Diurnal change in heart rate variability in healthy and diabetic subjects.

We assessed the hourly coefficient of variance of RR intervals (CVRR) in 29 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 19 age-matched healthy subjects using an ambulatory 24-hour ECG monitoring system. We also evaluated CVRR during 100 beats in both groups in the supine posture at 07:00 and 10:00 in the morning. Hourly CVRR showed an overt diurnal variation in both groups especially in the daytime and at midnight, but was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in diabetic patients. CVRR during resting 100 beats at 07:00 was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that at 10:00 in both groups. These findings indicate that HRV shows an obvious diurnal variation in both groups. As a steep and marked change occurs in the morning, careful consideration is necessary to assess the test performed for a short time span at random times throughout the day, particularly in the morning.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

A case of anorexia nervosa with acute renal failure induced by rhabdomyolysis; possible involvement of hypophosphatemia or phosphate depletion.

A 16-year-old girl with anorexia nervosa first presented with malnutrition, liver dysfunction, and rhabdomyolysis. Administration of fluid and nutrition saved her from the initial critical state, but acute renal failure followed. Laboratory examination revealed intrinsic renal failure induced by rhabdomyolysis. Latent phosphate depletion and refeeding-induced hypophosphatemia was implicated as the cause of rhabdomyolysis; however coexisting hypotension, dehydration, and liver dysfunction may have contributed to the renal failure. The patient recovered from azotemia by hemodialysis. This is the first reported case of anorexia nervosa with acute renal failure resulting from rhabdomyolysis induced by hypophosphatemia or phosphate depletion.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1992

Parathyroid hormone-related protein as a cause of hypercalcemia in a B-cell type malignant lymphoma.

Hypercalcemia occurred in a patient with non-Hodgkin's (B-cell type) lymphoma when generalized lymphadenopathy developed. Despite low normal plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH), nephrogenous cAMP (NcAMP) was not suppressed, and serum and urine PTH-related protein (PTH-rP) levels were elevated. The plasma level of 1,25(OH)2D was within normal range. The combined chemotherapies successfully reduced the tumor size, serum Ca, PTH-rP, and lactic dehydrogenase. Serum osteocalcin was suppressed while the patient was hypercalcemic, and increased after chemotherapy. In the extract of the tumor tissue obtained post mortem, bioactivity stimulating the production of cAMP in osteoblasts was demonstrated along with the immunoreactive PTH-rP. This is the first report of a B-cell lymphoma producing PTH-rP and its association with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Aclarubicin↗

PubMed1992

Somatosensory conduction delay in central and peripheral nervous system of diabetic patients.

Fifty-four diabetic patients with or without clinical evidence of neuropathy and with no clinical evidence of CNS dysfunction were studied by somatosensory-evoked potentials after electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist and recorded from the scalp electrode against a noncephalic reference. Peripheral conduction index, calculated as the distance from the wrist to the C7 spinous process divided by the P9 latency, was significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) in diabetic patients (69.81 +/- 6.47 m/s) compared with 28 age-matched nondiabetic subjects (76.85 +/- 5.65 m/s). The P11-P13 interpeak latency, representative of the transit time from the dorsal column at the level of the sensory input into the cervical cord to the brain stem along the somatosensory pathways (CCT1), and the P13-N19 interpeak latency, representative of the transit time from the brain stem to the somatosensory cortex (CCT2), were significantly increased in diabetic patients (CCT1, 2.51 +/- 0.63 ms; CCT2, 5.76 +/- 0.92 ms) compared with nondiabetic subjects (CCT1, 2.28 +/- 0.36 ms, P less than 0.05; CCT2, 5.18 +/- 0.51 ms, P less than 0.01). We conclude that, in diabetic patients, neurophysiological abnormalities may be present in two distinct parts of the CNS and the peripheral nervous system.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed1992

The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of glycyrrhizin and a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative on phosphorylation of lipocortin I by A-kinase in vitro.

The effects of GL and oGA on the activity (phosphorylation of lipocortin I) by A-kinase were investigated in vitro. It was found that (i) phosphorylation of the 35-36 kDa polypeptide by A-kinase was inhibited selectively when the partially purified kinase fraction from EAT cells was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP in the presence of 60 microM oGA; (ii) the marked polypeptide was identified as a lipocortin I; and (iii) the activity of the kinase was stimulated about 4-fold by 5 microM oGA, but it was inhibited at doses above 25 microM. The drug-induced inhibition of phosphorylation of lipocortin I by A-kinase may be implicated in the anti-inflammatory effect of the drugs.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[A case of small cell carcinoma of the lung with carcinomatous lymphangiosis-like shadow].

A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on January 29, 1991 with dry cough, shortness of breath on exertion, appetite loss and abnormal shadows on chest X-ray. Chest X-ray on admission showed marked vascular shadows in both lung fields accompanied by left interlobar effusion. Chest CT showed thickening of vessels and bronchial walls with prominent interlobular septa in the subpleural regions. These findings suggested that the lesions were located in the peribronchial and perivascular interstitium and interlobular septa. Biopsy specimens of bronchial epithelium, lung tissue and right supraclavicular lymph nodes revealed small cell carcinoma (intermediate cell type). Because of the absence of lesions in other organs, the initial diagnosis was carcinomatous lymphangiosis of small cell carcinoma of the lung. However, the mild symptoms, normal arterial blood gas and good response to chemotherapy suggested the possibility of extensive small cell carcinoma of longitudinal spread type. Although small cell carcinoma of the lung is not a rare disease, this case suggests two possibilities. 1) Carcinomatous lymphangiosis of small cell carcinoma may have different symptoms, clinical course and prognosis from that of non-small cell carcinoma. 2) Carcinomatous lymphangiosis of small cell carcinoma may not be a clinical entity and in fact may simply represent extensive small cell carcinoma of longitudinal spread type.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗

PubMed1992

[Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin].

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for the physiologic maintenance of mineral homeostasis. PTH regulates the mineral transport in bone and kidney and through its secondary actions on mineral transport in intestine (mediated by 1.25 (OH)2D). Calcitonin, in many ways, acts as a physiologic antagonist to PTH. Recently the techniques of molecular biology have been applied to the study of these hormones and more precise mechanism of action of these hormones has been elucidated. Last year both PTH receptor and calcitonin receptor were cloned. This review briefly summarizes new informations about their biosynthesis, secretion, metabolism, action, and structures of their receptors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

[A case of sarcoidosis with primary acute pulmonary cavitation].

A 23-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on June 24, 1991, because of worsening chest X-ray findings of sarcoidosis. In August 1990, he was referred to our outpatient office, because of BHL and nodular lesions on chest X-ray film performed at his company 4 months earlier. At that time, serum ACE was elevated to 34.0 IU/l, and Ga scintigraphy showed abnormal uptake in bilateral lacrimal and salivary glands, mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, and in the lung fields. TBLB specimen showed noncaseating epithelioid granuloma with giant cells and negative stains for acid-fast bacilli. Although it was planned to follow this patient without medication, he did not return to our outpatient department. In June 1991, because of worsening of lesions in the lung at annual checkup at his company, he was referred and admitted for steroid therapy. Chest X-ray film on admission showed BHL, multiple nodular lesions in both lung fields, and bullous change in the left upper lobe. Chest CT on admission showed three cavitating lesions within preexisting nodules. PPD skin test was negative, and sputum smears and cultures were repeatedly negative for pyogenic bacteria and acid-fast bacilli. Therapy was initiated with prednisolone 30 mg daily. Four months later, there was marked resolution of BHL and nodular lesions, and the cavitating lesions were no longer visible on chest X-ray film. From the clinical and radiological observations, it is concluded that the cavitating lesions in the present case were primary acute pulmonary cavitation in sarcoidosis, distinct from infection, bullae, or cystic bronchiectasis which are seen in the chronic and fibrotic stages of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Malignant lymphoma with subdural effusion].

A 64-year-old woman was admitted for treatment of malignant lymphoma involving the pharynx and abdomen. Lymphoma disappeared after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but she had central nervous system symptoms; euphorism, left facial nerve palsy, right hemiplesia, and disturbance of micturition. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a diffuse dural thickening and a subdural fluid retention. The subdural fluid was determined to be an exudate, and a biopsy of the dura mater revealed a normal dura and a fibrin clot containing lymphoma cells and neutrophils. MRI can be very useful to detect the meningeal involvement of malignant lymphoma.

Female↗

PubMed1992

[A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the uterine body].

A 70-year-old female was found to have class V cytology on an endometrial smear, and a histological diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was made by endometrial biopsy. The pathological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma, diffuse large cell-type according to the Working Formulation classification. Immunohistochemical staining showed lymphoma cells to be positive for CD 20 (B 1), indicating B cell lineage. Two cervical lymph nodes were palpable, and swelling of a para-aortic lymph node was also found by abdominal CT scan. The clinical stage was determined to be III according to the Ann Arbor classification. After three courses of CHOP chemotherapy, lymphoma cells could no longer be detected by endometrial biopsy, and the para-aortic and cervical lymphadenopathy also disappeared. Primary malignant lymphoma of the uterus, especially of the uterine body, is very rare. Only eight cases of primary malignant lymphoma of the uterine body were reported in the literature. The cell lineage was decided in only one case, which was B cell type.

Aged↗