Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N N Pokrovskaia.
Cases of lymphogranulomatosis underwent a clinico-morphological analysis in 67 children aged 1 year to 3 years 11 months. The morphological features of the process and distinctive traits of the clinical picture of the disease in infants were defined. The 5-year survival in patients undergoing the current treatment programs was estimated.
The paper concerns problems of relations between tumor growth and immune system, complications of the tumor process due to immunodeficiencies and anticancer treatment, risk of metachronous tumors onset. Paraneoplastic phenomena and development of second tumors in patients treated in AUCRC are described. The pathologist should be active in carrying out a detailed clinical and anatomical analysis of malignant diseases.
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The current concepts of the histogenesis of teratoma and criteria for the morphological diagnostics of its histological variants recommended by the WHO International Histological Classification of Tumours are presented.
Analysis of primary biopsies of the lymph nodes from 284 children with lymphogranulomatosis is presented allowing one to reveal the peculiarities of patients' distribution according to sex in different age groups, and certain quantitative correlations between histologic variants of the disease depending upon the age and sex. These features of the children's lymphogranulomatosis are most likely to be connected with the properties of the lymphoid system of the given age period during which its final formation, full maturation and initial stages of involution, take place.
The material examined allows the authors to admit that for the diagnosis of children tumours the morphological criteria recommended by WHO classifications should be used until the specific histological classification of children neoplasms is worked out. This approach will permit the experts from different hospitals to come to the unified opinion as to the evaluation of the children tumour morphology, will make comparable the results of their studies which will create the possibility for complex investigations and will facilitate the elaboration of specific classification of tumours in this age group.
The study was concerned with second malignancies which arose from non-hematopoietic tissue in 6 Hodgkin's disease patients. The malignancies were detected within 15-150 months and appeared to be the immediate cause of the death of the patients. The clinical course of Hodgkin's disease and second malignancy, the terms of second malignancy detection v. previous treatment, morphological features of Hodgkin's disease and the effect of splenectomy are discussed. It is concluded that the rise of second malignancy development should be taken into consideration when procedures for treatment of Hodgkin's disease are selected, particularly, in cases with favorable prognosis.
An observation of congenital hepatoblastoma of a mixed type in a baby dying on the 50th day of life is described. The boy was born with a metastasis of the tumour into the left superciliary area. The process of hepatoblastoma metastasising had begun in the intrauterine period. The main and metastatic nodes of the tumour consisted of epithelial and mesenchymal components. The multicomponent structure of the tumour attests to its origin from a pluripotent blastoma like Wilms tumour. In addition to the hepatoblastoma with disseminated metastases the boy had malformations in the liver and kidneys. The combination of hepatoblastoma with congenital malformations appears to be due to the effect on the fetus of some harmful factors in the first trimester of pregnancy (toxicosis, influenza).
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Observations of congenital Letterer-Siwe disease in girls of 15 and 10 months are presented. In both infants the skin, lungs, lymph nodes, and spleen were involved; besides, one of them had the liver affected, the other the bones. Both girls had cachexia, pancytopenia. One infant received hormone and chemotherapy for 1 1/2 months, the other was given no specific treatment. Microscopic examinations of the affected organs revealed focal-diffuse outgrowth of cells of the histiocyte type with disorders in the normal structure of the organs. Electron microscopic examinations of foci of lesions in the lungs and of the affected lymph node demonstrated two predominant types of proliferating cells: differentiated histiocytes and moderately differentiated histiocytes.
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The results of morphologicl examinations of some soft tissue sarcomas, osteogenic sarcoma, and lymphogranulomatosis after radiation therapy are presented. Morphological changes developing after radiation and drug therapy of tumors are similar, only the extent of their intensity, vascular reaction, and changes in the adjacent tissues are different. Five cases of acute leukemia developing in patients with lymphogranulomatosis in the presence of long-term cytostatic therapy are described.
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The study of 48 cases of spleen lymphogranulomatosis showed lymphogranulomatous growths to be localized only in the periphery of lymphoid follicles. In the early stages of the disease (before the appearance of Berezovsky-Sternberg cells) of the spleen the occurrence of Hodgkin cells is specific when the diagnosis is confirmed histologically before the operation by examinations of the lymph node bioptate. Lymphogranulomatous growths in the spleen appear against the background of hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles which is most likely to be of reactive nature. Lymphogranulomatous growths in the spleen may correspond to any of 4 morphological variants of the disease (according to the classification of Lukes et al., 1966) which are its successive stages: lymphohistiocytic variant--mixed cell--lymphoid exhaustion. Similar changes of the cell composition in the granulomatous tissue occur in cases of lymphogranulomatosis with nodular sclerosis.
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