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Biomedical subjects

N N Khanna

Publications and source records attributed to N N Khanna.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Prediction of gall stone composition by ultrasound: implications for non-surgical therapy.

Oral cholecystography is the basic radiodiagnostic procedure required to assess chemical composition of gallstones as well as functional status of gall bladder prior to non-surgical management of gallstones. However, the value of ultrasound in non-surgical management of gallstones is yet to be proved. In this study we attempt to establish sonographic criteria which will predict the composition of gallstones prior to their non-surgical treatment. For this purpose the ultrasonographic characteristics of 233 patients with gallstone disease and functioning gall bladders were studied and an effort was made to correlate cholesterol and calcium content of different types of stones (as estimated by X-Ray powder diffraction study and atomic absorption spectrophotometry) with their ultrasonographic characteristics. Sonographic criteria for the presence of cholesterol stones were those which were floating and gallstones producing acoustic shadowing without internal echoes from within the stone. In detecting findings which would predict the presence of cholesterol stones on ultrasound, ultrasound had a sensitivity of 72.90% and a specificity of 100%. The predictive values of positive findings and negative findings were 100% and 93.4%, respectively. The demonstration of typical features of cholesterol stones on ultrasound obviates the need for oral cholecystography.

Calcium↗
PubMed1993

Giant hydronephrosis masquerading as massive ascites.

A case of unilateral giant hydronephrosis containing about 20 litres of old haemorrhagic fluid, clinically simulating massive ascites, is reported. The role of preceding abdominal trauma in the pathogenesis and the rapidity of the disease process is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Fine needle aspiration cytology, imprint cytology and tru-cut needle biopsy in breast lumps: a comparative evaluation.

Fine needle aspiration cytology, imprint cytology and tru-cut needle biopsy were performed in 86 patients with breast lump and the results of these techniques were finally compared with the incisional or excisional biopsy in all the patients. Fine needle aspiration cytology had the sensitivity of 96.8% and specificity of 100%, the imprint cytology had the sensitivity of 98.4% and specificity of 100%. While the tru-cut needle biopsy had the sensitivity and specificity of 100% though in this technique 15 of 86 (17.4%) specimens were rejected as insufficient for any diagnosis.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

Preoperative chemotherapy for fungating breast cancer.

Thirty cases of fungating breast cancer (stages III and IV) were treated preoperatively by combination chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide (Endoxan), methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone. Mastectomy was performed after 2 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy followed by 6 more cycles postoperatively. Of 30 patients, 25 (83.3%) were made operable and had better disease-free survival. Preoperative chemotherapy has an advantage as regards improvement in quality and longevity without much toxicity, and provides a better palliation.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Cell surface antigens in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

The ABH isoantigen was investigated in 80 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and in their 46 affected lymph nodes. Isoantigen deletion shows a characteristic pattern of benign to malignant transformation of oral cancer. Total loss of isoantigen was found in anaplastic tumours, in metastatic lymph nodes and in the majority of advanced stage tumours. Total loss of isoantigen in metastatic lymph nodes indicates a frequent discharge of isoantigen-negative metastatic cells from the primary tumours to the lymph nodes and the regional organs. It seems that with the recent techniques a prospective observation of ABH isoantigen added to other pathological and clinical findings could be of prognostic significance in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

In vivo and in vitro observation of cellular immune parameters in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and its correlation with tumor load and prognosis.

In vivo and in vitro observations of cellular immune response in 70 patients with squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity and in 40 age-matched normal controls, were made using delayed hypersensitivity responses to DNCB, PPD, and Candida albicans extract (Dermatophytin 'O'), absolute lymphocyte counts, absolute T-cell numbers, and PHA-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis reactions as parameters. The results were correlated with clinical stage, tumor size, lymph node involvement, tumor differentiation, lymphoreticular responses, and outcome during a one-year follow-up period. A significant degree of impairment of both in vivo and in vitro parameters was found in oral cancer patients compared to normal control. The impairment was more prominent in advanced stages. Lymph node involvement was associated with impaired dermal hypersensitivity to recall antigens as well as a reduced T-cell population and blastogenic response. Only delayed hypersensitivity response to DNCB, PPD, and Candida showed a correlation with histologic features such as tumor differentiation and lymphoreticular response. Although absolute lymphocyte counts and T-cell population were reduced in the primary stage of the disease, the functional capacity of isolated lymphocytes to undergo blast formation was retained. PHA-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis showed a significant impairment only when the tumor was well established and disseminated beyond its local confines. Delayed hypersensitivity responses to DNCB, higher T-cell counts, and blastogenic indices were associated with recurrence-free survival. Immunologic parameters provide prognostic information beyond the clinical stage of the disease. Therefore, it seems that a multiparametric in vivo and in vitro observation of cellular immune response may be useful as an indicator of clinical course and prognosis of patients with squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Immune status in advanced upper gastrointestinal cancers.

Thirty-eight cases of advanced upper gastrointestinal cancer were assessed for their immune status prior to any form of therapy. Cell-mediated immunity, as tested by absolute lymphocyte count, T-cell count and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to purified protein derivative and phytohemagglutinin showed severe depression. Immunoglobulins A and M were elevated, while immunoglobulin G reduced. No correlation could be established between the immune status and the site of cancer or its extent, the performance status of the patients, or their response to chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Nutritional status in advanced upper gastrointestinal cancer.

Fifty-four patients with advanced upper gastrointestinal cancer were assessed for their nutritional status prior to any form of therapy. Anthropometric parameters--weight loss, arm muscle circumference, skin-fold thickness--and biochemical parameters--serum albumin and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to purified protein derivative (PPD) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)--were used for nutritional assessment. Using standard values for comparison, about 80% of all patients were found to be nutritionally depleted. Immunocompetence did not show significant correlation with other nutritional parameters.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

A multiparametric observation of immune competence in breast cancer and its correlation with tumour load and prognosis.

A multiparametric observation of cellular immune status by delayed hypersensitivity response to primary and recall antigens, absolute lymphocyte counts, T-cells counts, lymphocyte stimulation to PHA and serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, IgA) was done in 60 patients of breast cancer and 40 age-matched normal controls. The findings were correlated with clinical stage, tumour size, lymphnode involvement, distant metastases, tumour differentiation, lymphoreticular response and tumour recurrence within one year of follow-up period. Delayed hypersensitivity response to DNCB, PPD and Candida was significantly impaired (P = less than .001) in breast cancer patients as compared to normal controls. DNCB and candida response showed a gradual decrease with increasing clinical stage and PPD response was impaired in the advanced stage (Stage III and IV). Patients with well-differentiated tumour were more anergic than those with poorly differentiated tumour. Delayed hypersensitivity response to both primary and recall antigen showed a good correlation with tumour recurrence. Patients who had early recurrence or progressive disease were more anergic to all the three antigens. Absolute lymphocyte counts, absolute T-cells and E-rosette were significantly reduced in breast cancer patients as compared to normal controls and further correlated with clinical stage. Absolute T-cells and E-rosettes were lower in patients with lymphnode involvement, and distant metastases as compared to those with localized tumour. Absence of lymphoreticular response was related with impaired T-cell population. Absolute T-cell counts and E-rosettes further correlated with prognosis of the patients being significantly impaired in patients with early recurrence or with progressive disease (P = less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Qualitative platelet dysfunction following cancer chemotherapy: a case report.

A case of qualitative platelet dysfunction following cancer chemotherapy is documented. Besides the numerical reduction defect, there appear to be functional changes in the platelets leading to bleeding diathesis. The present case was thoroughly evaluated, and it was observed that there is suppression of the platelet functions in a patient receiving cancer chemotherapy, a combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

High-dose versus low-dose CMFP regimen in advanced breast cancer.

Fifty cases of advanced breast cancer (stages III and IV) were treated by combination chemotherapy. The study compares the two different dose schedules and toxicities of a combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-flurouracil, and prednisone. Results are better with high-dose regimen, though the incidence of toxicity is much as compared to low-dose schedules, but, considering the beneficial response, the high-dose schedule is recommended.

Administration, Oral↗