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Biomedical subjects

N Mygind

Publications and source records attributed to N Mygind.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Nose-, sinus- and ear-symptoms in 27 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia.

Nose-, sinus- and ear-symptoms, signs and tests were studied in 27 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. All subjects had had daily nasal discharge since birth or early childhood. X-ray examination showed sinusitis, and most patients had frequent episodes of sinusitis symptoms. The frequency of common colds was apparently not increased. As a general rule, the patients had chronic secretory otitis media, but few episodes of acute otitis media. Repeated suctions, punctures, and insertion of tubes had been disappointing, but more radical surgery of the nose and sinuses had helped some of the patients. It is concluded that knowledge of the very characteristic ENT symptoms is important in respect of an early diagnosis and starting preventive treatment in order to inhibit the development of lung damage. The ENT symptoms, on the other hand, are more often overtreated than the reverse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Significance of H1 and H2 receptors in the human nose: rationale for topical use of combined antihistamine preparations.

The aim of this experiment was to study the importance of histamine H1 and H2 receptors in the human nose. We therefore provoked 25 healthy human subjects with histamine after local pretreatment with the H1 receptor antagonist, chlorpheniramine maleate, the H2 receptor antagonist, ranitidine hydrochloride, and a combination of these two antihistamines. The histamine-induced increase in nasal airway resistance was 52% inhibited by combined use of the two antihistamine sprays (p less than 0.05), 22% by chlorpheniramine alone (p less than 0.05), and 29% by ranitidine. The two sprays together were significantly better than the H1 antagonists alone (p less than 0.05). These results suggest an equal importance of H1 and H2 receptors in nasal blood vessels, and an additive effect of H1 and H2 antihistamines. Although chlorpheniramine effectively blocked tickling and the reflex-mediated symptoms, sneezing and hypersecretion, ranitidine had no effect, which suggests an H1 and not an H2 effect on sensory nerve endings in the airway epithelium.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Double-blind comparison between beclomethasone dipropionate as aerosol and as powder in patients with nasal polyposis.

Beclomethasone dipropionate as a pressurized aerosol is effective in nasal polyposis, but the efficacy is only moderate. In these partly-blocked noses, it seems possible that the insufflated drug in powder form is better distributed over the mucous membrane than the pressurized aerosol. To test this hypothesis, we treated forty-two patients with nasal polyposis with intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate as a powder and as a pressurized aerosol in a double-dummy, cross-over design. There was no difference between the treatments in sixteen patients, while in twelve cases there was a preference for beclomethasone dipropionate as aerosol, and in fourteen, for the powder form. Fourteen found the aerosol most irritating and nineteen, the powder. Thus, in a group of polyp patients there were no significant differences between the two application forms, but possibly there is a need for both aerosol and powder, as there appeared to be differences in the individual responsiveness to the two types of intranasal medication. Blind microscopy of wiped nasal-smears before and after beclomethasone dipropionate treatment showed a reduction of basophilic cells, and counting of sneezes after medication demonstrated a reduction in the number of sneezes. These results suggest that a reduction of epithelial mediator-cells and of irritant receptor-sensitivity are of importance for the efficacy of topical steroids in rhinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Rhinitis, sinusitis and otitis media in Kartagener's syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia).

Ear, nose and throat symptoms and signs were studied in 15 patients with Kartagener's syndrome: a triad consisting of chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic bronchitis with bronchiectasis, and situs inversus. The triad is caused by primary ciliary dyskinesia and characterized by absent or considerably reduced mucociliary transport. Daily accumulation of secretions in the nose, chronic recurrent secretory otitis media and sinusitis occurred in all subjects. Characteristically, nasal discharge started at birth or was first detected in early childhood. Apparently, the frequency of common colds and of acute purulent otitis media was not increased. As primary ciliary dyskinesia can occur without situs inversus, knowledge of the typical ENT symptoms is essential for making an early diagnosis, which is important for the correct management of the disease. While a conservative surgical approach to treatment of the ENT symptoms is recommended, early and active treatment of the bronchial symptoms is probably important for prevention of further lung damage and development of bronchiectasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of the H1 antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate on histamine-induced symptoms in the human conjunctiva. Indirect evidence for nervous H1 receptors.

Earlier studies have shown that intranasal chlorpheniramine (0.77%) can inhibit histamine-induced tickling, sneezing, and hypersecretion by a local effect on nerve fibres. The aim of the present study was to examine whether this solution had local anaesthetic of parasympatholytic properties. If neither of these properties are present it suggests that the anti-pruritic effects of the solution are caused by inhibition of H1 receptors, which in turn is indirect evidence for the presence of H1 receptors on nerve fibers. In a double-blind design 15 normal subjects were provoked with histamine in the eye after pretreatment with chlorpheniramine or with a local anaesthetic, oxybuprocain. Both drugs inhibited itching, but the H1 antihistamine was significantly more effective than the local anaesthetic (P less than 0.01). Corneal sensitivity was measured by an esthesiometer, and pupil difference was used as a measure for atropine activity. Chlorpheniramine had neither a local anaesthetic nor a parasympatholytic effect. This study has therefore strengthened the hypothesis that there are nervous H1 receptors in the mucous membranes of the eye and airways and has extended its application in animals to also include man.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mucosal changes in the airways during long-term corticosteroid treatment.

Long-term animal studies of beclomethasone dipropionate and of budesonide and a few long-term studies of beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of rhinitis and asthma are available for the assessment of the possible risk of side effects. Generally speaking, remarkably few local side effects are observed, and this agrees with the striking lack of serious local side effects after widespread use of beclomethasone dipropionate for 8 years, and now the limited use of budesonide for 1 year. It is known from studies on the skin that the risk of side effects increases considerably with the potency of the compound, but it is not known whether this holds also for the use of steroids in the airways. Therefore, we do not know to what extent the high degree of safety of beclomethasone dipropionate applies also to budesonide, which may be somewhat more potent. Long-term studies with this new and interesting steroid molecule are therefore warranted. Finally, it is emphasised that the airway mucosa in the nose is well suited for the study of any local steroid effect, as it is much more readily accessible than the rather similar bronchial mucosa, and, in addition, receives a steroid dose which may be at least 100 times that applied to a given surface area in the bronchi.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

An open comparison of dosage frequencies of beclomethasone dipropionate in seasonal allergic rhinitis.

In an open group-comparative study, 123 adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were allocated at random to one of three treatment groups; each of which received a daily dose of 400 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate as (1) one puff in each nostril four times daily, (2) two puffs in each nostril twice daily and (3) four puffs in each nostril once per day. The result of treatment was assessed on daily symptom scores and the use of antihistamine tablets. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. The results indicate that it is unnecessary to give beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray four times daily, and treatment in the morning and in the evening is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Penicillin in acute otitis media: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

The effect of peroral penicillin-V (55 mg/kg/day in 7 days) on acute otitis media was studied in 149 children between the ages of 1 and 10 years in a double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation. The parameters of the disease employed were symptom scores for earache, fever and common cold, the use of analgetics, otoscopy, as well as tympanometry. The children were followed-up for 3 months. Penicillin had no effect on fever and common cold, but earache was significantly reduced on the 2nd day of treatment. The acute course of the disease was satisfactory in 69% of the children in the placebo group and in 86% in the penicillin group. In patients with pneumococci or haemolytic streptococci in the nasopharynx, the pain disappeared after 1-2 doses of penicillin, whereas the treatment had no effect in children with Haemophilus influenzae. There was no difference between the penicillin and the placebo groups with regard to the results of otoscopy and tympanometry after 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. No serious complications were observed. It is concluded that an attitude of "masterly inactivity" with regard to the treatment of acute otitis media is justifiable, provided sufficient analgesic treatment is given and also that the patient can be closely followed. As there are still many unanswered questions more controlled investigations are warranted.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1981

Ipratropium nasal spray: a new treatment for rhinorrhea in the common cold.

A need is often present for symptomatic treatment of the common cold. A blocked nose can be opened by a vasoconstrictor, but no effective therapy is known today for rhinorrhea. The aim of the present trial was to study the effect of the topically active parasympatholytic, ipratropium, on rhinorrhea. In a placebo-controlled group comparative trial, 80 micrograms of ipratropium were taken as a nasal spray 4 times daily for 1 wk by 40 adults with spontaneously occurring common colds. All subjects administered an intranasal vasoconstrictor (xylomethazoline, 0.1%) 5 min before administering placebo or ipratropium. Ipratropium treatment resulted in a significant reduction in nasal discharge compared with that of placebo treatment during the whole treatment period (p less than 0.001), but the drug was especially effective the first 3 days, when the watery secretion was predominant. It was concluded that this new spray can be of value in the first days of a cold, when nasal discharge is a nuisance.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1981

Kartagener's syndrome. Preliminary report on cilia structure, function, and upper airway symptoms.

Our study was designed to examine the motility and ultrastructure of cilia from the nose of patients with Kartagener's syndrome. Microphoto-oscillographic recording from single cells showed that the patients had in fact motile cilia, although the number was reduced. Asynchrony within the single cell was a more consistent feature. The first results of blind, quantitative microscopy showed the ultrastructural defects, described earlier, but the overlapping with a normal control group was considerable. Only one of nine patients had no dynein arms and completely immotile cilia; an observation which renders the term "the immotile-cilia syndrome" a misnomer. The ear-nose-throat symptoms were characterized by daily nose-blowings since birth, recurrent sinusitis, and chronic secretory otitis media. On the other hand, the frequency of acute purulent otitis media and of common colds appeared to be normal.

Cilia↗
PubMed1980

Ciliary motility in the 'immotile cilia syndrome'. First results of microphoto-oscillographic studies.

Using a microphoto-oscillographic technique the authors studied ciliary beating of nasal epithelial cells from 11 patients with the 'immotile cilia syndrome' (Kartagener's syndrome) and from normal controls. Ciliary motility was found in all patients, except one. Although the patients had a significantly reduced number of cells with motile cilia, one-third of all ciliated cells showed motility. The beating frequency was normal, but the motility pattern was highly abnormal, with a predominance of asynchronous motility in the patients. These results suggest that the lack of dynein arms in cilia in these patients only is partial and that direct observation of ciliated cells, obtained by gentle scraping on the nasal mucosa, may be a suitable screening test for early diagnosis of this syndrome.

Adolescent↗