Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Mygind

Publications and source records attributed to N Mygind.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Seasonal allergic rhinitis and depot injection of a corticosteroid. Evaluation of the efficacy of medication early and late in the season based on detailed symptom recording.

It was the aim of this investigation to study the efficacy of a corticosteroid given as a depot injection in seasonal allergic rhinitis, the efficacy profile with regard to specific symptoms, and whether the injection is best given early in the season or later at the peak of the pollen count. An injection of 80 mg methylprednisolone showed a marked effect on nasal blockage lasting more than 4 weeks, and a moderate effect on eye symptoms, while the effect on nasal hypersecretion and sneezing could not be demonstrated. It is concluded that systemic corticosteroids may be indicated in severe hay fever, when symptoms, especially blockage, occur in spite of other types of therapy. If the physician prefers to give the corticosteroid as a depot injection, it is preferably given in the first half of the season when the pollen count is increasing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Viscosity and spinability of nasal secretions induced by different provocation tests.

In the human nose, secretions can be experimentally induced in vivo and sampled by simple means for biophysical and biochemical analyses. It was the aim of the present study to compare viscosity and spinability of nasal secretions induced by different types of stimulation, i.e., provocation with methacholine, histamine, and allergen. The results showed considerable inhomogeneity of the samples with regard to both parameters, increased viscosity with time after consecutive allergen provocations (p less than 0.01), lower viscosity of methacholine- than of histamine- and allergen-induced secretions (p less than 0.05), comparable spinability of the 3 types of secretions, and a positive correlation between viscosity and spinability (p less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Upper respiratory tract secretions: pathophysiology.

Nasal fluid is a heterogeneous substance. It consists largely of a secretory product derived from the 100,000 small seromucous glands. The anterior part of the nose has a relatively high secretory capacity, but this does not seem to be caused by secretion from the 200 anterior serous glands. Compared to sputum, nasal secretion has a lower viscosity, but comparable spinability; it has a lower dry weight, and content of sulphate, sugars and most proteins, but a comparable level of albumin. Watery rhinorrhoea is mainly reflex-mediated. Watery, but not purulent nasal discharge can be reduced by the cholinoceptor antagonist, ipratropium, administered in a dose which matches the degree of the symptoms. It seems likely that the nose, in some respects, can serve as a model for the analysis of airway secretions, but a comparative study of nasal and of bronchial secretions sampled in an identical way is warranted.

Allergens↗
PubMed1986

Sites of rhinovirus recovery after point inoculation of the upper airway.

Spread of rhinovirus infection in the nose was studied after point inoculation of 25 microL of rhinovirus suspension either under the right inferior turbinate via the test duct (26 volunteers) or onto the posterior nasopharyngeal wall (through the mouth under direct vision) (six volunteers). Epithelial brush samples obtained daily from the anterior and posterior portions of the inferior turbinate in both nasal cavities and the nasopharynx were cultured for rhinovirus. Point inoculation of rhinovirus produced a high infection rate, but the entire nasal lining was not infected at the time of peak symptoms. Virus was usually first detected at the nasopharyngeal site, with subsequent spread of infection anteriorly to one or both inferior turbinates. Spread to the left turbinate was not detected in seven of 17 volunteers during the first five days after right eye inoculation. Virus recovery from the mucosa declined by day 16 and ceased by day 21.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Quantitative study of goblet cells in the upper lobe of the normal human lung.

Goblet-cell density and distribution were studied in ten specimens of the human adult lung. The bronchial tree of the left upper lobe was dissected, and the bronchial mucosa separated and stained by the whole-mount periodic acid-Schiffalcian blue method. There was a significant fall in the goblet-cell density from the proximal to the distal airways. In the upper division, the number decreased from 144 cells per field (second generation) to 80 cells per field (14th generation), and in the lingular division it decreased from 137 (fourth generation) to 77 cell (18th generation). The overall goblet-cell density for the upper lobe was 113 cells per field, corresponding to 6,400 cells per square millimeter. No particular pattern in cell distribution was noticed; the cells were irregularly distributed all along the bronchial tree without any well-defined distribution pattern. In the ten lung specimens studied, goblet-cell density did not correlate with smoking habit, sex, or age.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Histamine and methacholine do not increase nasal reactivity.

Allergen provocation in the nose increases the non-specific nasal reactivity. The aim of this trial was to determine whether this 'priming effect' can be caused by histamine or methacholine, which is the most important biochemical mediator of allergic rhinitis, and an analogue to the important neurotransmittor, acetylcholine, respectively. Intranasal provocation tests with the two substances were carried out on thirteen normal subjects, and repeated 1 hr and 1 day later. The response, measured as the number of sneezes, the amount of blown secretion and the increase in nasal airway resistance, did not change with consecutive provocations. It was concluded that neither histamine nor methacholine were responsible for the allergen-induced 'priming' of the nasal mucous membrane.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1986

Biochemical analysis of nasal secretions induced by methacholine, histamine, and allergen provocations.

Nasal provocation tests with methacholine, histamine, and allergen were performed outside the pollen season in 26 pollen-allergic subjects with the aim of sampling nasal secretions for biochemical characterization. Sugar analyses showed that methacholine-induced secretions were a mixture of serous and mucous glycoproteins. Compared with published sputum values, the levels of proteins and sugars were approximately 5 times lower in the methacholine-induced secretions (protein, 6 mg/ml; hexose, 2 mg/ml), whereas the albumin concentrations were comparable (1 mg/ml). Histamine-induced secretions as well contained a mixture of serous and mucous glycoproteins and a high albumin level (3 mg/ml), indicating a relatively higher degree of transudation than in methacholine- and allergen-induced secretions. Allergen-induced secretions had a low dry weight (mean, 19 mg/g; p less than 0.05) and protein (mean, 4 mg/ml; p less than 0.01) content compared with that in methacholine- and histamine-induced secretions; they contained mainly mucous glycoprotein, and the albumin level was relatively low. Thus, nasal secretions have lower dry weight, sugar and protein content than does sputum; histamine provokes marked transudation; methacholine and allergen do not; methacholine and histamine produce a mixture of serous and mucous glycoproteins; allergen produces mainly mucous glycoproteins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Nasal challenge.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1986

Goblet-cell density in the human lung--whole-mount study of the normal left lower lobe.

The whole-mount quantitative method was used to study goblet-cell density and distribution in the adult human lung. The airways of the lower lobe in 10 lung specimens were dissected downwards in the axial pathway and airway generation levels were determined by an exact numbering system. The entire bronchial mucous membrane was separated from the underlying structures and stained with the PAS-alcian blue whole-mount method. 11 generations (3-13) were studied in all 10 specimens. Goblet cells were irregularly distributed throughout the airways. There was a highly significant decrease in goblet-cell density from proximal to distal airways (145 to 92 cells/field). The overall median density was 123 cells per field, which corresponds to 6,950 cells per square mm. There was no obvious difference between the cases as related to smoking habits, sex and age.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of the nonsedative H1-receptor antagonist astemizole in perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.

We studied the efficacy and side effects of the H1-antihistamine astemizole in perennial rhinitis. We also defined subgroups of responders and examined the added effect of a steroid spray. Fifty-five adults completed a 10- to 14-week controlled trial. Astemizole reduced the number of sneezes to 41% (p less than 0.001) and the number of nose blowings to 55% (p less than 0.001) of the placebo values. The added use of beclomethasone dipropionate caused a further reduction to 14% (p less than 0.001) and 37% (p less than 0.05), respectively. Nasal blockage was only marginally affected by the antihistamine, but it was reduced to 64% by the steroid spray (p less than 0.001). "Sneezers" responded better to the antihistamine than "blockers," with "nose blowers" in an intermediate position. The effect was equal in allergic and nonallergic patients. Astemizole was completely nonsedative but increased appetite and body weight. An open 1-year study of 17 patients demonstrated that astemizole maintained its efficacy and that further weight gain did not occur. It is concluded that astemizole is a highly effective nonsedative H1-antihistamine suitable for continuous therapy of perennial rhinitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Nasal challenge with serotonin and histamine in normal persons.

In order to study the nasal response to serotonin, 14 normal persons, in a double-blind study, were provoked in the nose with serotonin and histamine. Itching and the number of sneezes were noted, the amount of secretion measured, and nasal airway resistance recorded by active posterior rhinomanometry. Serotonin induced significant nasal itching, sneezing and hypersecretion, similar to the effects of histamine. The effect of serotonin on nasal airway resistance, on the other hand, was slight (+ 10%) and insignificant in contrast to that of histamine in equipotent doses (+ 48%) (P less than 0.001). In conclusion, we have shown that serotonin provocation can induce a rhinitis response in the human nose. The nasal symptoms suggest an effect on sensory nerves with reflex-induced sneezing and hypersecretion, while there appears to be little direct effect on capacitance vessels. The possible role of serotonin as a mediator of rhinitis remains speculative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacotherapy of nasal disease.

Rhinitis may be classified as infectious (purulent), seasonal allergic, perennial allergic, perennial nonallergic (vasomotor) and nasal polyps. Pharmacotherapy can be local or systemic. A variety of compounds are available, including alpha adrenergic agonists, mast cell stabilizing agents, Beta-2 agonists, antihistamines, cholinergic antagonists and corticosteroids. In terms of histamine receptors, H1 receptors predominate in the epithelium and glands but both H1 and H2 receptors are present in nasal blood vessels. Trigeminus-reflex mediated nasal secretions, can be treated by parasympatholytic drugs.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1984

Intranasal fenoterol in asthmatic subjects: an alternative route of administration.

In a double-blind crossover trial the beta 2-agonist fenoterol was administered by the nose and by mouth in 10 patients with stable asthma. In both situations the bronchodilating effect of fenoterol as measured by changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, peak expiratory flow, and maximal expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity was significant (p less than 0.01) compared to placebo. The fenoterol was given in the nose by means of two puffs of 0.2 mg in each nostril (total of 0.8 mg) from a pressurized canister while the patient was holding his breath at total lung capacity; it was followed by an exhalation through the nose. When an effect could be defined as a submaximal plateau, the medication was repeated once. The peroral administration consisted of an inhalation of 0.4 mg of fenoterol from the pressurized canister by use of a standard procedure. Also this medication was repeated after a submaximal effect could be defined. Neither after the first nor the second medication was there any significant difference between the effect on the lung function of the two ways of administration. It is concluded that the intranasal administration of fenoterol can be considered an alternative way of self-administration by the severely ill asthmatic subject who is unable to inhale the bronchodilator or can be used by the emergency staff on the first contact with the severely ill asthmatic patient in the hospital.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1984

Sites of virus recovery and antigen detection in epithelial cells during experimental rhinovirus infection.

Detection of infectious virus and viral antigen from selected sites in the nose was done in 20 volunteers with experimental rhinovirus colds and in 10 sham inoculated controls. For five days after virus inoculation, repeated samples were collected both by swabbing the nose and pharynx and by epithelial biopsy of localized areas in the nose with a sheltered cytology brush. All samples were cultured for virus. Cells in the biopsy specimens were examined with immunoperoxidase staining for detection of rhinovirus antigen in epithelial cells. Not all parts of the nasal lining were infected. While 60% of the nose/throat swabs samples were positive by culture, only 32% of the brush biopsies were positive. With the biopsy specimens, the number of positive cultures was lower in the anterior part of the nose (nasal septum) than in the middle part of the cavity (turbinates), and there was a tendency for an increased number of sites to become positive during the course of the illness. Eight (16%) of 51 specimens from infected volunteers had rhinovirus antigen detected in ciliated epithelial cells. These findings indicate that the entire nasal epithelium is not infected at the time of peak symptoms during experimental rhinovirus colds.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Histopathologic examination and enumeration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the nasal mucosa during experimental rhinovirus colds.

The histology of the nasal mucosa was examined by serial scrape and punch biopsies in 20 rhinovirus infected volunteers and 10 sham inoculated controls. No morphologic changes could be detected in the epithelial or subepithelial portions in the mucosa of specimens from infected volunteers. There was a significant increase in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the nasal epithelium of the infected subjects early in the course of the cold compared to their pre-infection baseline. However, trauma to the nasal mucosa from repeated sampling led to an outpouring of PMNs into nasal mucus, making evaluation of the results difficult. The number of mast cells seen in the mucosal specimens of the infected subjects did not differ from that seen in controls.

Adult↗