Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Motohashi

Publications and source records attributed to N Motohashi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Synthesis and biological activity of N-acylphenothiazines.

Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between radical intensity and cytotoxic activity in water-soluble compounds. This relationship was investigated in lipophilic compounds. Several N-acylphenothiazines showed higher cytotoxic activity against human leukemic and squamous carcinoma cell lines than phenothiazine, the parent compound. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy showed that these active compounds produced much lower amounts of radicals than phenothiazine. Several compounds failed to inhibit the cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in MT-4 cells. It suggested that the radical-mediated-mechanisms has not involved in the induction of cytotoxic activity by lipophilic compounds, such as N-acylphenothiazines.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed2000

Catalytic activity of anion-exchange resins modified with metal-porphine in oxidative reactions of phenols.

Anion-exchange resins modified with metal-porphine (M-Pr) have been investigated to develop a solid catalyst in the oxidative reaction of phenols by O2 in air. Co-Pr, which is easily prepared and separable from the reaction mixture, has been proved to accelerate the oxidative reaction of phenols such as 3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyanisole. The resulting main oxidative products were identified to be quinones by using the GC-MS method.

Anion Exchange Resins↗
PubMed2000

Antitumor potential and possible targets of phenothiazine-related compounds.

Phenothiazines and its related compounds have shown diverse biological activities including psychotropic, anticancer and other pharmacological activities. Recent studies have suggested the possible interactions between phenothiazines and their physiological targets or potential receptors. New types of phenothiazine, such as "half-mustard type" phenothiazines and benzo[a]phenothiazines, have been synthesized. These compounds stimulated T-cell blast formation, natural killer cell activity (possibly via activation of monocytes and macrophages) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and showed cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines. Benzo[a]phenothiazines induced monocytic differentiation and apoptotic cell death (characterized by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation) in human myelogenous leukemic cell lines, but not in other cancer cell lines. These compounds also induced antimicrobial activity in vivo, possibly by host-mediated immunopotentiation. On the other hand, phenothiazines did not induce such immunopotentiation activity, but showed direct antibacterial activity in vitro. There was positive relation between their radical intensity and biological activities. These compounds did not show any apparent mutagenic activity, but rather be antimutagenic. These data suggest their possible applicability of "half-mustard type" phenothiazines and benzo[a]phenothiazines for cancer chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Preliminary report on the efficacy and safety of brief-pulse ECT in depression].

Because there is no report on the use of brief-pulse devices in Japan, we have examined the efficacy and safety of brief-pulse electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on four treatment-resistant depressive patients (three males and one female, 55.0 +/- 17.8 years of age). The ethical committee of the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry approved this study and written informed consent was obtained from all of the patients. ECT was administered bilaterally twice a week using atropine, propofol, and succinylcholine (or vecronium) as anesthetic medications. The Hamilton rating scale for depression scores decreased from 30.5 +/- 11.0 to 14.8 +/- 11.5 following a course of 5-12 treatments. Memory and cognitive functioning, evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Short-Memory Questionnaire and so on, had not changed a week after the last ECT. These results further support the view that brief-pulse ECT is efficacious and safe for the treatment of depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Alpha-trifluoromethylated acyloins induce apoptosis in human oral tumor cell lines.

Cytotoxic activity of newly synthesized trifluoromethyl ketones and related compounds was studied using two human oral tumor cell lines (HSG and HSC-2). Among them, alpha-trifluoromethylacyloins (1 and 2) were found to induce apoptotic cell death, as judged by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method which detects DNA nick or fragments. Furthermore, the cytoplasm of 1 or 2 treated HSG cells was stained by M30 monoclonal antibody, which detects the product resulting from the cleavage of cytokeratin 18 by activated caspase.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1999

A 3D computer-aided design system applied to diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery.

The purpose of this article is to describe a newly developed 3D computer-aided design (CAD) system for the diagnostic set-up of casts in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, and its preliminary clinical applications. The system comprises a measuring unit which obtains 3D information from the dental model using laser scanning, and a personal computer to generate the 3D graphics. When measuring the 3D shape of the model, to minimize blind sectors, the model is scanned from two different directions with the slit-ray laser beam by rotating the mounting angle of the model on the measuring device. For computed simulation of tooth movement, the representative planes, defined by the anatomical reference points, are formed for each individual tooth and are arranged along a guideline descriptive of the individual arch form. Subsequently, the 3D shape is imparted to each of the teeth arranged on the representative plane to form an arrangement of the 3D profile. When necessary, orthognathic surgery can be simulated by moving the mandibular dental arch three-dimensionally to establish the optimum occlusal relationship. Compared with hand-made set-up models, the computed diagnostic cast has advantages such as high-speed processing and quantitative evaluation on the amount of 3D movement of the individual tooth relative to the craniofacial plane. Trial clinical applications demonstrated that the use of this system facilitated the otherwise complicated and time-consuming mock surgery for treatment planning in orthognathic surgery.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

Half nose with ipsilateral eye and ear anomalies and facial asymmetry: report of a case with cephalometric analysis and orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Unilateral nostril agenesis together with ipsilateral alterations of the eye, ear, and face make up a spectrum of anomalies. The aim of this study is to report a case in a Japanese girl, 14 years, 5 months of age. Cephalometric analysis is provided, and orthodontic treatment is discussed. DESIGN: Lateral and frontal cephalograms were compared to a Japanese control group. Outcome of the orthodontic treatment was evaluated by comparing cephalograms taken before and after orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: The lateral cephalometric analysis showed a severely hypoplastic maxilla in both sagittal and vertical dimensions, coupled with a decreased posterior cranial base. The mandibular rami were asymmetric. The frontal cephalogram showed decreased cranial width and maxillary alveolar width, together with an increased interorbital distance. CONCLUSIONS: Serial lateral cephalograms during the orthodontic treatment from the age of 14 to 20 years demonstrated no significant maxillary growth and some mandibular growth, coupled with labial tipping of the maxillary central incisors.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1999

Algorithms for the pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder.

The algorithms for the treatment of bipolar disorder are presented. Lithium is the first choice when treating acute mania. Other options are antipsychotics or mood stabilizers such as carbamazepine and valproate. Mood stabilizers (often in combinations) are drugs of choice for maintenance treatment. For the treatment of acute depression under lithium maintenance, increase doses of lithium or addition of antidepressants may be necessary.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Questionnaire survey on the prescribing practice of Japanese psychiatrists for mood disorders.

The answers to a questionnaire on the practical prescription in mood disorders from 298 Japanese psychiatrists was obtained. As the first-line treatment, a majority of respondents chose newer tricyclic agents (TCA) or non-TCA for moderate depression and older TCA for severe depression both with and without psychotic features. Combination therapy with antidepressants and anxiolytics was fairly popular in moderate depression, while antidepressant/neuroleptic combination was more common in severe psychotic depression. Sulpiride was the most favored drug for dysthymia. Although lithium was the most popular for bipolar mania, respondents were divided on the treatment of bipolar depression.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1998

Inhibitory effects of dehydrozingerone and related compounds on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation.

Dehydrozingerone, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one, is half an analog of curcumin which is known to have anti-tumor activity. The anti-tumor promoting activity of dehydrozingerone was evaluated by determining the inhibitory effect on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The concentration needed for 50% inhibition of the tumor promotion (IC50) of dehydrozingerone was similar to that of curcumin. To elucidate the structure-activity relationship on the anti-tumor promoting activity, dehydrozingerone, curcumin, isoeugenol, which has no carbonyl group in the side chain, benzalacetone, which is the basic structure of dehydrozingerone, o-dehydrozingerone, which is the ortho-hydroxyl substituted compound of dehydrozingerone, and their related compounds were investigated using the in vitro short-term assay on TPA-induced EBV-EA activation. o-Dehydrozingerone showed the most potent inhibitory effect in a series of tested dehydrozingerone derivatives and their related monosubstituted benzalacetones. This suggests that the occupation at both ortho positions of the hydroxyl group enhances the anti-tumor promoting activity. Isoeugenol inhibited the tumor promoting activity at a concentration of about one-third of the IC50 of dehydrozingerone. This indicates that the carbonyl group in the side chain has a negative impact on the anti-tumor promoting activity. The inhibitory effects of the carbon-carbon bond in the side chain were studied using benzylacetone with a single bond, benzalacetone with a double bond and 4-phenyl-3-butyn-2-one with a triple bond. 4-Phenyl-3-butyn-2-one inhibited the most potent activity followed by benzalacetone and benzylacetone.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of craniofacial and dentoalveolar morphologies of three Japanese monozygotic twin pairs with cleft lip and/or palate discordancy.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we analyzed the craniofacial and dentoalveolar morphologies of three pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in order to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on growth and development. DESIGN: Craniofacial and dentoalveolar morphologies revealed by analyses of cephalograms and dental casts were compared for each pair of twins discordant for CL/P. SUBJECTS: In case 1, the subjects were 10-year-old male twins, one of whom had a repaired unilateral cleft lip and alveolus and one of whom had an unrepaired unilateral cleft lip. In case 2, the subjects were 13-year-old female twins, one of whom had a repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate and one of whom had an unrepaired unilateral cleft lip. In case 3, the subjects were 9-year-old female twins, one of whom had a repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate and one of whom had no cleft. RESULTS: Cephalometric analysis disclosed distinguished intrapair differences in the maxillary and mandibular morphologies in cases 2 and 3. However, the tooth axes of the incisors in operated subjects were consistently influenced in all three cases. Dental cast analysis indicated that the shapes and sizes of the alveolar and dental arches in the operated subjects were affected in case 2 and, more severely, in case 3, while they looked fairly similar in case 1. CONCLUSIONS: Cephalometric and dental cast analyses demonstrated characteristic intrapair differences between the twins discordant for CL/P according to each cleft type. These morphological differences indicate that surgical closure of clefts may have considerable effects on craniofacial and dentoalveolar growth and development in CL/P patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Antimutagenic effects of dehydrozingerone and its analogs on UV-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli.

Antimutagenic activities of dehydrozingerone, benzalacetone and its analogs substituted with the hydroxyl, methoxyl or methyl group on the benzene ring were investigated by the post-treatment for UV-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli WP2s (uvrA). In this assay, dehydrozingerone was a poor antimutagen. Among the test compounds except for 2-hydroxybenzalacetone, benzalacetone was the most strong antimutagen, showing that the ring substitutions decrease the antimutagenic activities. 2-Hydroxybenzalacetone was, however, more effective than benzalacetone. The antimutagenicity of 2-hydroxybenzalacetone might be dependent on the property that is known to associate inter-molecularly by hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group and the carbonyl group. The effects of the side chain, single, double or triple bond and its adjacent carbonyl group, were further investigated using benzylacetone with saturated carbonyl chain, benzalacetone with double-bonded carbonyl chain, 4-phenyl-3-butyn-2-one with triple-bonded carbonyl chain and trans-beta-methyl styrene with only double bond. Benzalacetone and 4-phenyl-3-butyn-2-one suppressed the UV-induced mutagenesis, but benzylacetone and trans-beta-methyl styrene scarcely inhibited the mutagenesis: an alpha, beta-double or triple-bonded carbonyl system was necessary for the antimutagenic activity. 4-Phenyl-3-butyn-2-one showed the potent antimutagenicity at one order lower concentrations than that of benzalacetone. Benzalacetone, 2-hydroxybenzalacetone and 4-phenyl-3-butyn-2-one that were effective on the UV-induced mutagenesis also decreased the gamma-induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA2638.

Acrolein↗
PubMed1997

[Study on CAM system for dental model].

The purpose of this study was to introduce our newly-developed CAM system for dental model and to examine the shape reproducibility and measurement reliability of the CAM modelling. The system is composed of a measuring unit, which obtains three-dimensional shape information from the dental model using laser scanning, and an engineering workstation, which creates a three-dimensional graph of the dental model. Output module program which can directly process and output the three-dimensional shape data to the wide use modeling systems was developed as the software of this CAM system. Four different CAM models, that, WAX model, STL model, FDM model, and SL model, were made based on the graph of the dental model taken from a mandibular prognathic patient. The measurement reliability of each CAM model were evaluated using a contact three-dimensional measurement unit. All CAM models except a WAX model demonstrated good shape reproducibility without a blind area, suggesting no problem of the three-dimensional shape data and the output module program. Measurement reliability of each CAM model was 0.12 +/- 0.08 mm in graph, 0.25 +/- 0.05 mm in WAX, 0.28 +/- 0.16 mm in SL, 0.31 +/- 0.15 mm in FDM, and 0.39 +/- 0.18 mm in STL. These results suggested clinical feasibility of this system in accordance with electronic storage of medical information.

Computer-Aided Design↗