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Biomedical subjects

N Moriyama

Publications and source records attributed to N Moriyama.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Helical computed tomography diagnosis of pleural dissemination in lung cancer: comparison of thick-section and thin-section helical computed tomography.

Pleural dissemination in lung cancer was prospectively evaluated by helical computed tomography (CT), and the usefulness of thick-section CT (10-mm collimation; pitch 1) and thin-section CT (2-mm collimation; pitch 1) were compared. The study included 54 patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma in whom plain chest radiographs showed no evidence of pleural effusion and in whom the primary lesion was seen to be contiguous with the pleural surface on thick-section CT. Thin-section CT was performed for evaluation of the costal, mediastinal, interlobar, and diaphragmatic pleural surfaces. Pathologic examination revealed pleural dissemination in 20 patients (8 resected, 12 nonresected). Pleural dissemination was diagnosed in 12 patients on thick-section CT, and in 20 patients on thin-section CT. False negatives occurred in ten and two patients, respectively. The same two patients were false positives by both methods. Accuracy was 78% for thick-section CT and 93% for thin-section CT, and sensitivity was 50% and 90%, respectively. Thin-section CT provided more useful information than thick-section CT for the evaluation of pleural dissemination in lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Preliminary study of percutaneous alcohol injection into the lung.

Although percutaneous ethanol injection is widely used to treat hepatic tumors, this technique has not been applied to lung tumors. We performed a preliminary experiment with percutaneous ethanol injection into the rabbit lung, and evaluated the local and systemic effects of absolute ethanol injection on pulmonary structures in order to assess the feasibility and safety of this technique as a local treatment for human lung tumors. Percutaneous injection of absolute ethanol into the rabbit lung was performed under CT guidance. The volume of ethanol injected ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 ml (approximately 0.2-0.5 ml/kg). Follow-up CT scans were performed 1, 2, 7 and 30 days after the injection. The animals were killed at intervals (range: 3 h-30 days), and the lung was examined histologically. The ethanol was well tolerated and did not induce significant systemic side-effects. All doses induced necrosis in the injected lung, but none was lethal. Although ethanol spilling into the thoracic cavity induced effusion and pleuritis, these reactions were manageable. Alcohol injection produced an area of necrosis surrounded by pulmonary edema associated with polymorphonuclear cells invasion within 24 h; moreover, granulation change, epithelial regeneration, and alveolar septal fibrosis had appeared by one week. The necrosis was sometimes multifocal, probably due to transbronchial spread of the injected ethanol. In conclusion, the feasibility and safety of absolute ethanol injection were confirmed. Neither severe systemic side effects nor lethal extensive necrosis were observed with injected ethanol; however, an unexpected side effect, multifocal necrosis, was seen. The latter reaction suggests that careful observation and care would be essential after alcohol injection into the lung.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1998

[Retrovesical liposarcoma: a case report].

A case of retrovesical liposarcoma is reported. The patient was a 41-year-old man who complained of left scrotal pain and of hip discomfort. Digital rectal examination revealed a hen's egg-sized mass with an elastic hard consistency at the left side of the normal prostate. Pelvic CT and MRI showed a heterogeneous tumor in the retrovesical region. Transperineal biopsy revealed liposarcoma. Pelvic exenteration, colostomy and ileal conduit were performed. The resected weight was 1,680 grams, and the histopathological diagnosis was myxoid type of liposarcoma, grade II. Postoperatively, a metastatic lesion to vertebrae thoracicae I developed causing radiculoneuropathy of the left superior limb. Spot radiation (50 Gy) was administered to the lesion, but there was no response. Currently, the patient is being treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of dacarbazine, vincristine, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide. Cases of retrovesical liposarcomas reported in Japan are reviewed and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Laparoscopic fenestration in combination with ethanol sclerotherapy prevents a recurrence of symptomatic giant liver cyst.

Laparoscopic fenestration in combination with ethanol sclerotherapy of the cyst wall was performed in four patients with symptomatic giant solitary liver cyst. Two of these patients had recurrent liver cysts, which were resistant to simple laparoscopic fenestration. After the combination therapy, none of the cysts recurred during follow-up periods ranging from 11 to 33 months.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

KMD-3213, a novel alpha1A-adrenoceptor antagonist, potently inhibits the functional alpha1-adrenoceptor in human prostate.

KMD-3213, (-)-(R)-1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-[2-[[2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phe noxy]ethyl]amino]propyl]indoline-7-carboxamide, is a novel and selective alpha1A-adrenoceptor antagonist. The potency of this drug to antagonize functional alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction in human prostatic smooth muscle was evaluated and compared with that of other alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists. KMD-3213 inhibited noradrenaline-induced contractions with an apparent pK(B) value of 9.45 +/- 0.039, indicating a potency similar to that of tamsulosin. The affinity of prazosin for prostatic alpha1-adrenoceptors is given as potency for the alpha1L-adrenoceptor with an estimated pA2 value of 8.84 +/- 0.044. The data obtained in this study suggest that KMD-3213, an alpha1A-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist, has strong affinity for the alpha1L-adrenoceptor in the human prostate.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists↗
PubMed1997

Murine interleukin 4 transgenic heart allograft survival prolonged with down-regulation of the Th1 cytokine mRNA in grafts.

BACKGROUND: Data supporting the differential activation of T helper (Th) 2 cells in transplantation acceptance/tolerance in rodents have been presented by several investigators. However, the differential activation of Th2 cells may be simply the result of allograft acceptance/tolerance induction instead of a contribution to the maintenance of grafts. METHODS: Therefore, we established interleukin (IL)-4 transgenic mice under the control of a cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain promotor and transplanted IL-4-expressing heart allografts into unmodified recipients to determine the actual contribution of the Th2 bias to allograft acceptance. RESULTS: Among 16 newborn C57BL/6J (B6) mice, three were positive for the IL-4 transgene. Serum IL-4 levels of transgenic versus control B6xC3H F1 mice were not statistically different. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that the transgenic B6xC3H F1 mice expressed IL-4 mRNA in the heart and in the lung, whereas control mice did not express IL-4 in any organ. IL-4 mRNA expression in the transgenic but not in the control heart was also confirmed by RNAse protection assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The survival of IL-4 transgenic B6xC3H heart grafts heterotopically placed in C3H recipients was prolonged compared with that of nontransgenic grafts (19.0+/-9.1 vs. 6.8+/-2.2 days, P=0.003). Interferon-gamma mRNA expression in IL-4 transgenic heart grafts on the fifth posttransplant day as assessed by Northern blotting was suppressed compared with that in control grafts. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that IL-2 mRNA was suppressed in the IL-4 transgenic grafts compared with that in control grafts, while IL-4 mRNA was observed only in IL-4 transgenic grafts. IL-10 mRNA was detected at similar levels in both transgenic and control grafts. CONCLUSIONS: A Th2 bias may contribute to allograft acceptance in part by inducing the down-regulation of Th1-cytokine mRNAs, but it may not be sufficient to induce indefinite graft survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Identification of alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the human prostatic urethra.

To identify the alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the human prostatic urethra, we compared the potencies of various alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in inhibiting [3H]tamsulosin binding to human prostatic urethral membranes with their potencies in inhibiting the binding of (+)-beta-([125I]iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylaminomethyl-tetralone ([125I]HEAT) to cloned human alpha 1a, alpha 1b and alpha 1d subtypes. The alpha 1A-selective antagonists 5-methylurapidil and (+)niguldipine showed higher affinities for both cloned alpha 1a and urethral alpha 1-adrenoceptors than for cloned alpha 1b- and alpha 1d-adrenoceptors. NS-49, (R)-3'-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-4'-fluoromethanesulfonanilide hydrochloride, recently characterized as an alpha 1A-selective agonist, also showed high affinity for the cloned alpha 1a subtype and urethral alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Prazosin showed lower affinity for alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the human prostatic urethra than for any of the three cloned alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Comparison of the affinities of alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists for human prostatic urethral alpha 1-adrenoceptors to their affinities for the three cloned alpha 1 subtypes indicated a close correlation between the affinities for human urethral alpha 1 and the cloned alpha 1a-adrenoceptors. However, prazosin did not conform to this pattern. These findings suggest that the predominant alpha 1-adrenoceptor in the human urethra is the alpha 1A subtype, and that an alpha 1L subtype which has been characterised by its low affinity for prazosin, may also be present.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1997

Th2-like response and antitumor effect of anti-interleukin-4 mAb in mice bearing renal cell carcinoma.

Tumor regression in experimental systems has been linked to the activities of Th1 cells. It is, therefore, conceivable that Th2 cells interrupt the expression of tumor immunity since interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 inhibit the generation of Th1 from precursors and modulate the competence of antigen-presenting cells to activate this lymphocyte subpopulation. Naive murine renal cell carcinoma (renca) cells (1 x 10(5)) were implanted into the subcapsule of the left kidney of Balb/c and Balb/c nude mice at 6-8 weeks of age. After 14 days, Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) mRNAs as well as transforming growth factor beta1 mRNA, assessed by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction were upregulated in the spleen of hosts upon naive renca tumor acceptance, while Th1 cytokine (IL-2 and interferon gamma) mRNAs were almost undetectable. In the renca tumor, IL-10 mRNA was detected but IL-2, interferon gamma, and IL-4 were not. Intraperitoneal administration of anti-(mouse IL-4) mAb (11B11) reduced the renca tumor size (P = 0.018) and prolonged host survival (P = 0.03), but did not reduce the acceptance rate of the tumor (P = 0.18). However, prior depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ cells with monoclonal antibodies abrogated the antitumor effects of anti-IL-4 mAb. In addition, the significant antitumor effect of anti-IL-4 mAb was not observed in Balb/c nude hosts. Renca cells were transfected with the mammalian expression vector pCAGGS containing murine IL-4 cDNA or vector alone, then stable IL-4 transfectants (RencaL or RencaH, low- or high-IL-4-producing respectively) and control renca cells (RencaC) were obtained. RencaL cells, RencaH cells, or RencaC cells (1 x 10(5) each) were implanted into the subcapsule of the left kidney of Balb/c, Balb/c nude, and allogenic C3H/HeJ mice, then tumor formation was evaluated 14 days later. When RencaH cells were innoculated into syngeneic Balb/c hosts, tumor volume was marginally suppressed (P = 0.03) and tumors tended to be rejected (P = 0.06) compared with RencaC cells. However, those effects were not observed in Balb/c nude mice. RencaC, RencaL, and RencaH cells were not accepted by allogeneic C3H mice with or without FK506 administration or donor-specific transfusion. The administration of anti-(mouse IL-4) mAb to Balb/c mice significantly suppressed renca tumor growth by a CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell-dependent mechanism. By contrast, relatively high levels of IL-4 production by renca cells and T cells seemed to be required to induce the rejection and growth suppression of IL-4-producing renca cells in syngeneic hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effectiveness of interferon-alpha therapy in chronic hepatitis C is associated with the amount of interferon-alpha receptor mRNA in the liver.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between interferon-alpha receptor mRNA in the liver and the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: Interferon-alpha receptor mRNA was quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using liver biopsies from 40 patients, comprising 20 responders and 20 non-responders to subsequent interferon therapy. RESULTS: The amount of interferon-alpha receptor mRNA was significantly larger in interferon-responders (0.72+/-0.12) than non-responders (0.26+/-0.08) (p<0.01). Regardless of the response to interferon, histological activity index scores and the amount of HCV-RNA showed significant inverse correlation to the amount of interferon-alpha receptor mRNA, whereas the HCV-RNA genotype was not associated with the amount of interferon-alpha receptor mRNA. Logistic analysis and multiple regression analysis showed that the amount of interferon-alpha receptor mRNA was significantly associated with the efficacy of interferon (p=0.0275), but not with fibrosis of the liver (p= 0.2726). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the amount of interferon-alpha receptor mRNA is an important factor determining the response to interferon, and may be a new predictor of interferon response in chronic hepatitis C.

Actins↗
PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical expression of glucose transporter-1 in human penile proliferative lesions.

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are a family of membrane proteins responsible for the transport of glucose across cellular membranes. In terms of their mRNA levels, they have been reported to be expressed in some human tumours. However, the immunohistochemical localization of GLUTs in human urogenital lesions has rarely been studied. This study was performed to evaluate the expression of GLUT1 in penile proliferative lesions (18 cases of penile carcinoma and 13 cases of condyloma acuminatum). Using an isoform-specific anti-GLUT1 antibody, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were stained by the avidin-biotin complex method. In all cases of penile carcinoma, GLUT1 staining was diffusely recognized on the cell membrane of the carcinoma cells in the mainly infiltrating areas. However, the inner areas of the tumour were more weakly and focally stained. The intensity of staining for the penile carcinoma (staining score = 2.8 +/- 0.6) was stronger than that for condyloma acuminatum and that for adjacent non-proliferative areas. All cases of condyloma acuminatum showed a diffuse staining on the cell membrane in the basal and intermediate layers (staining score = 2.4 +/- 0.5). Non-proliferative (histologically normal) glans areas adjacent to the above lesions expressed the weakest GLUT1 staining only in the stratum basale (staining score = 1.8 +/- 0.5). These three areas showed significantly different staining scores from each other (p < 0.01). In conclusion, GLUT1 is expressed dominantly in penile proliferative lesions, especially in infiltrating areas of penile carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Quantification and distribution of alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtype mRNAs in human vas deferens: comparison with those of epididymal and pelvic portions.

1. This study was intended to quantify the amounts of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtype mRNAs in human vas deferens, and demonstrate the receptor subtype responsible for the vas contraction. 2. The RNase protection assay showed that the mean total amount of alpha 1a mRNA was 7.4 +/- 2.2 pg/5 micrograms of poly (A)+ RNA (97.0% of the total alpha 1 mRNA) in the epididymal portion (E-vas) and 4.9 +/- 0.8 pg/5 micrograms of poly (A)+ RNA (96.3% of the total) in the pelvic portion (P-vas). The E-vas showed a tendency to have a greater alpha 1a mRNA abundance than the P-vas (P = 0.11). The alpha 1b and alpha 1d mRNAs were absent or of extremely low abundance. 3. By an in situ hybridization, the alpha 1a and alpha 1d mRNAs were recognized in the smooth muscle cells of the E-vas and the P-vas, and the distribution pattern the same in both tissue. The alpha 1b mRNA positive site was scarcely detectable in both vas portions. 4. In a functional study, l-phenylephrine produced concentration-dependent contraction in the E-vas (Emax = 2.24 +/- 0.70 g; pD2 = 5.32 +/- 0.09) and the P-vas (Emax = 2.46 +/- 0.46 g; pD2 = 5.07 +/- 0.12). KMD-3213, a novel alpha 1A-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist, caused parallel rightward shifts of the concentration-response curves for l-phenylephrine. Apparent pKB values were 9.90 +/- 0.16 for the E-vas and 9.71 +/- 0.17 for the P-vas. There was no significant difference in Emax, pD2 or pKB estimates between the two portions. 5. We have found that alpha 1a mRNA is predominant in the human vas deferens, and confirmed that contraction of this organ is mediated by the alpha 1A-adrenoceptor.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Therapeutic results of resection, transcatheter arterial embolization and percutaneous transhepatic ethanol injection in 3225 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter study.

The outcome in 3225 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied in groups with equivalent prognosis treated with resection, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), and percutaneous transhepatic ethanol injection (PEI). Significant factors for better clinical background included a tumor diameter of < or = 30 mm, tumor number < or = 3 and (clinical) Stage I. In patients with Stage I disease having tumors of < or = 30 mm and < or = 3 in number, survival afer resection and PEI did not differ, while survival after TAE was significantly worse. In those patients with Stage II disease, survival after PEI was significantly better than after resection or TAE. In patients with Stage I or II disease having tumors > or = 31 in size and < or = 3 number, survival after resection was significantly better than after TAE. In patients with Stage I disease having tumors of > or = 31 mm and > or = 4 in number, survival after resection was significantly better than after TAE. Our conclusions are as follows. Firstly, resection or PEI is recommended for patients with Stage I disease having < or = 3 tumors all < or = 30 mm in size. Secondly, PEI is recommended for patients with Stage II disease having < or = 3 tumors all < or = 30 mm in size. Thirdly, for patients with Stage I disease having tumors 31 mm or larger in size, whatever the number of tumors, resection should be selected rather than TAE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Spontaneous regression of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report.

We report a hepatocellular carcinoma that appeared to undergo spontaneous regression twice. On June 5, 1995, two hepatocellular carcinomas were detected by ultrasonography in a 72-year-old woman. On July 1, 1995, the tumor in the lateral segment had increased in size from 2.0 cm to 3.2 cm in 27 days, and the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) had increased from 743 to 1300 ng/ml. On September 22, 1995, one tumor appeared as a typical hypervascular lesion on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. It was 3.9 cm in size and located in the posterior segment. The other was a 3.9-cm cystic mass located in the lateral segment. The tumor in the posterior segment was treated with an emulsion of epirubicin and lipiodol administered via the posterior branch of the right hepatic artery and percutaneous ethanol injection. The tumor in the lateral segment was kept under observation because it was avascular, had regressed to 2.0 cm in size, and the patient's AFP level had decreased to 237 ng/ml by December 5, 1995. By February 21, 1996, the AFP level had increased again to 105,340 ng/ml, and by March 22, 1996, the latter tumor had increased in size to 3.8 cm. However, it later regressed again to 1.6 cm, and the AFP level decreased spontaneously to 7 ng/ml. From the changes in the contrast-enhanced computed tomographic images, and the level of AFP, we cannot rule out the possibility that the spontaneous regression might have been caused by the tumor's rapid growth.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Expression of Fas in renal cell carcinoma.

We have investigated whether the Fas-mediated cell death pathway is functional in renal cell carcinoma. The expression of Fas in surgical specimens and cell lines of renal cell carcinoma was examined. Fas expression was positive in six out of 18 tumors measured by flow cytometry and was prominent in advanced tumors. Three out of the six Fas-positive tumors had already metastasized at the time of surgery. A significant correlation was found between the tumor volume and the percentage of Fas-positive cells in a tumor (r = 0.70, P = 0.0007). Fas-positive tumors were larger than Fas-negative tumors [mean tumor volume (ml) +/- SD, Fas(+), 265.6 +/- 136.8; Fas(-), 65.8 +/- 80.9, P = 0.0012]. All human renal carcinoma cell lines tested (ACHN, Caki-1, SMKT-R-2, SMKT-R-3 and SMKT-R-4) expressed Fas abundantly, as Fas-positive cells accounted for > 50% in all cell lines by flow cytometry. Treatment with anti-Fas antibody caused apoptosis in Fas-positive renal cell carcinoma cell lines. However, the effectiveness of apoptosis induction in individual cell lines was not correlated with the level of Fas expressed. These data suggest that Fas targeting may be a therapeutic option for treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma which is refractory to either chemotherapy or irradiation.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1997

Utility of low-dose helical CT as a second step after plain chest radiography for mass screening for lung cancer.

We evaluated the usefulness of low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) as a routine second step in patients screened for lung cancer with plain chest radiography (PCR). Of 5,437 people who underwent mass screening for lung cancer by PCR, further work-up was required for 230 because of abnormal findings. Of 221 subjects who had CT as a second step, abnormal shadows were detected in 110 and no abnormal shadows were seen in 111. Screening CT (helical scan; beam collination, 10 mm; pitch of 2:20 mm/s; and tube current, 50 mA) detected 17 lung cancers, 87 benign lesions, and 6 extrapulmonary lesions, with an average diameter of 10 mm (range, 2-35 mm). All lung cancers were peripheral (12 stage I, 4 stage IIIA, and 1 stage IV). In 40% of screened subjects, 37 with benign lesions and 7 with lung cancer (6 stage I), lesions were delineated only by screening CT. In conclusion, low-dose helical CT was found to be useful as a second step in patients who have been screened for lung cancer by PCR and can delineate the early stage of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Preoperative endocrine therapy for clinical stage A2, B, and C prostate cancer: an interim report on short-term effects. Prostate Cancer Study Group.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative endocrine therapy has been suggested to improve surgical radicality and/or patient prognosis in prostate cancer. METHODS: Patients with clinical stage A2, B, and C prostate cancer were randomized to either group I (n = 113) or group II (n = 111). Group I patients were to receive preoperative endocrine therapy consisting of leuprolide and chlormadinone for 3 months, followed by radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection. Group II patients were to undergo the surgery before endocrine therapy. RESULTS: Group I patients showed a remarkable decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (mean +/- SE: 41.8 +/- 8.6 ng/mL to 2.7 +/- 0.7 ng/mL) and prostate volume (29.8 +/- 1.7 mL to 21.2 +/- 1.6 mL) during the preoperative therapy. Histopathologic analysis showed a significant difference in the rates of down-staging (19.1% in group I versus 3.3% in group II), positive surgical margins (63.8% versus 81.3%) and positive lymph node metastasis (20.7% versus 36.5%). No significant difference was detected in operating features. Subgroup analyses indicated that beneficial effects were correlated positively with degree of histologic differentiation and negatively with the basal PSA level. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative endocrine therapy reduced local extension of prostate cancer, and the effects depended on histologic differentiation and PSA level. Long-term follow-up data are needed to determine the effects on the patient prognosis.

Aged↗