Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Miyazawa

Publications and source records attributed to N Miyazawa.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Glycated Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in rat lenses: evidence for the presence of fragmentation in vivo.

Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) exists in tissues of rats as both glycated and non-glycated forms when separated by boronate acid column chromatography. Glycated Cu.Zn-SOD is most abundant in rat lenses compared to other tissues. In normal rats lens levels of glycated Cu.Zn-SOD showed a gradual increase with age, whereas in diabetic rats substantial increases were observed. Immunoblotting analyses, using anti-hexitol lysine IgG, indicated that glycated Cu.Zn-SOD contains Amadori products. Moreover, Cu.Zn-SOD in lenses was site-specifically fragmented probably because of glycation. This the first report of a fragmented protein, such as Cu,Zn-SOD, occurring in vivo.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Morgagni hernia diagnosed by MRI.

We herein present a patient with Morgagni hernia which was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient had a progressively enlarging mass in the right cardiophrenic angle on chest roentgenogram. On computed tomography (CT) scans, the mass was revealed to have fat density and therefore was suspected to be either a lipoma or liposarcoma. MRI clearly demonstrated that the mass shadow was composed of omental fat herniating into the right thorax through the diaphragmatic hiatus. MRI is thus considered to be a useful noninvasive modality for the evaluation of lower anterior mediastinal masses demonstrating fat density on CT.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

Isolated incisional recurrence after curative resection for primary lung cancer.

We present a long-term survivor with isolated recurrent tumor in the incisional scar that developed 9 months after a curative resection for primary lung adenocarcinoma. She underwent an excision of the tumor followed by systemic chemotherapy, and is currently alive with no evidence of disease 69 months after the recurrence. Isolated incisional recurrence after complete resection of lung cancer is a rare phenomenon and may be curable using multimodal treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Brain metastasis in resected lung cancer: value of intensive follow-up with computed tomography.

BACKGROUND: Brain metastases are a common mode of recurrence in resected lung cancer and are usually associated with an ominous outcome. METHODS: To assess the usefulness of follow-up using computed tomography of the brain for early detection and effective treatment of brain metastases, we prospectively studied 128 patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer. Follow-up computed tomographic scans were obtained every 2 to 6 months over 24 postoperative months in 69 patients and every 2 months for 6 postoperative months in 59. RESULTS: Brain metastases were discovered in 11 patients (8.6%), and 7 patients were neurologically asymptomatic when the metastases were diagnosed. Single metastasis was found in 5 patients and multiple metastases in 6. The maximal size of all but one lesion was less than 25 mm. The median survival time and 5-year survival rate in all 11 patients with brain metastases were 10 months and 24%, respectively. Furthermore, those in 7 asymptomatic patients were 25 months and 38%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We consider intensive follow-up with computed tomography to be worthwhile for early detection and effective treatment of brain metastases in patients with completely resected lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Pleuropneumonectomy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for carcinomatous pleuritis in primary lung cancer: a case report of long-term survival.

We present a 5-year survivor with lung adenocarcinoma accompanied by carcinomatous pleuritis who underwent pleuropneumonectomy followed by systemic chemotherapy. The pleural disease was not detectable on the chest roentgenograms or computed tomographic scans. The combination of the surgical procedure and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy may be a potentially curative treatment in selected patients with carcinomatous pleuritis of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1996

Effects of surfactant on the in vivo alveolar surface-to-volume ratio.

To investigate how pulmonary surfactant influences alveolar structure in vivo, we examined the alveolar surface area-to-lung volume (S/V) ratio of the lung parenchyma of a live dog by light-scattering stereology before and after saline lavage. We measured the backscattered light pattern produced by applying a laser beam to the pleural surface of a ventilated animal and obtained the S/V [equivalent to the inverse of the optical mean free path (lambda)]. After saline lavage, V at transpulmonary pressure (P) of 30 cmH2O (defined as total lung capacity) decreased by 11.1 +/- 3.1% (SD) and the P-V curve shifted to a lower V. The lambda-V curve was shifted to a higher lambda and to a lower V after saline lavage. S/V decreased after saline lavage (lambda increased by 38 +/- 27% on the deflation limb at a V of 80% of control total lung capacity). The alveolar surface tension increased after saline lavage, and the increase in surface tension was greater on inflation than on deflation. We conclude that depletion of pulmonary surfactant increases the alveolar surface tension in vivo, resulting in a decrease in S/V.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Alveolar surface area-to-lung volume ratio in oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema.

It is unknown how the in vivo alveolar surface area-to-volume ratio (S/V) changes in low-pressure pulmonary edema. Here, the S/V is the area of the air-tissue interface per unit total volume (air plus tissue). We hypothesized that in oleic acid (OA)-induced edema inactivation of the pulmonary surfactant may increase surface tension and decrease the S/V at any given lung volume. OA (0.04 mg/kg) was intravenously injected into dogs. We measured the in vivo S/V (equivalent to the inverse of optical mean free path by light-scattering stereology and the pressure-volume (PV) curve 60-90 min after OA administration. OA administration decreased the lung volume at each transpulmonary pressure and increased the wet-to-dry weight ratio. The S/V decreased after OA administration (optical mean free path increased). The air-filled PV curves shifted downward after OA, but the saline-filled PV curves after OA administration did not differ significantly from control saline-filled curves. The difference in transpulmonary pressure between air- and saline-filled PV curves (an index of the magnitude of surface tension) was increased in OA-induced pulmonary edema. This study suggests that in OA-induced pulmonary edema the alveolar surface tension increases and the S/V decreases, presumably due to inactivation of surfactant by serum leakage to alveoli.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Double-primary cancer of the lung and trachea].

A 70-year-old woman with no history of smoking was admitted to the hospital because of a persistent cough and pneumonia in the right lower lobe. Examination with a fiberoptic bronchoscope revealed an intratracheal polypoid tumor and a polypoid tumor almost completely obstructing the right bronchus B(8). Biopsies were done, and histological diagnosis of both tumors was squamous cell carcinoma. A sleeve resection of the trachea with end-to-end anastomosis and right lower lobectomy were done. Examination of specimens resected from both tumors revealed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Synchronous double-primary cancer (both squamous cell carcinoma) of the lung and trachea in a non-smoker is very rare.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Pulmonary function tests for diagnosis and management of asthma].

In bronchial asthma, pulmonary function tests are characterized by airway obstruction that is reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. In worsening of asthma, the parameters of FEV1, V50, V25 and RV decrease and those of sGaw and CV increase. However, compliance and diffusing capacity are within normal limits, and are very sensitive in differentiating asthma from emphysema. FEV1 is reproducible and sensitive in assessing the changes in airway caliber. Reversibility of airway obstruction is demonstrated when FEV1, is increased by more than 0.2 L or 15% of the baseline after inhalation of a beta-agonist. In severe asthma, the measurements of arterial blood gases and expiratory flow rates are essential.

Asthma↗
PubMed1995

Immunological detection of glycated proteins in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using anti hexitol-lysine IgG.

A polyclonal antibody specific for the Amadori compound, a product of an early stage of the Maillard reaction, was raised in rabbits by immunization with hexitol-lysine (1-glucitol-lysine or 1-mannitol-lysine) coupled with various carrier proteins. The affinity purified antibody has a high titre and preferentially recognizes the glucose adduct, in the presence of sodium borohydride, as judged on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as immunoblot analysis. The glycated proteins (Amadori products) in various tissues of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were examined by immunoblot analysis. In diabetic conditions, kidney, liver, lens, brain and lung proteins are more susceptible to glycation than other tissue proteins. Heart, spleen, adrenal gland and muscle proteins exhibit similar extents of glycation in both normal and diabetic conditions. This is the first demonstration of a specific antibody against the Amadori compound being raised with a synthetic compound, and of the tissue distribution of glycated proteins in normal and diabetic conditions. The antibody was very useful for in vitro and in vivo experiments on the Maillard reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Chronological study of peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in the rat brain stab wounds using [3H] PK-11195 as a marker for gliosis.

Chronological studies of the development of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor sites were undertaken with the goal of evaluating the sensitivity of this marker for the study of the gliosis development in the injured brain. No significant increase in [3H] PK-11195 binding occurred in the rat brain stab wound one day following the puncture. A significant increase in the receptor density (Bmax) from the second day onward was observed. The Bmax reached its highest levels in the grey matter on the sixth day after a 23-gauge needle wound (8.75 +/- 0.09; pmol mg-tissue-1) and on the seventh day after an 18-gauge needle wound (8.98 +/- 0.31 pmol mg-tissue-1). In the white matter, the Bmax was greatest seven days after the wound (3.42 +/- 0.07; pmol mg-tissue-1; 23-gauge needle and 3.56 +/- 0.1 pmol mg-tissue-1 in the 18-gauge needle injury). Between 30 and 60 days after the wound, the Bmax was significantly lower than the Bmax observed between 6 and 14 days. The Bmax in the wound produced with needles was seven to eight times greater than the Bmax in the grey matter of the ipsilateral and contralateral cortices. Histological examination showed that there were no astrocytes or macrophages in the stab wound one day after the lesion. However, the glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells and macrophages appeared on D3 after an injury. Gliosis, as measured by the PK-11195 binding, was also observed in the remote contralateral cortex. Data shows that PK-11195 binding is a very sensitive method of evaluating brain injury and could be of great value in studying progressive injuries in the living human brain in conjunction with positron emission tomography.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical evaluation of the small solitary pulmonary nodule].

The diagnostic process for small solitary pulmonary nodules was retrospectively analyzed. Three hundred and forty-three patients, each with a solitary pulmonary lesion of less than 3 cm on chest radiography, were evaluated. The patients were seen at our hospital between September 1986 and December 1993. They consisted of 138 with malignant diseases (114 with lung cancer and 24 with metastatic tumors), and 205 with benign diseases. There were 146 patients (71%) with benign lesions of less than 2 cm. The diagnosis in 118 patients (86%) with malignant disease was made by lung biopsy. Of these 118 patients, 19 underwent biopsy of the lung through a thoracoscope or open lung biopsy via a thoracotomy. Benign diseases were diagnosed in 167 patients (81%) by various laboratory tests and imaging techniques, including chest radiography. Thinsection CT was done in 132 patients. In 72 of these 132 patients (16 with lung cancer, 23 with metastatic tumors, and 33 with benign tumors), a judgement regarding whether the lesion was malignant or not could not be made. Therefore, open lung biopsy was done in 5 patients. Twenty-four patients were only observed, 43 underwent biopsy, and 35 underwent surgery. A decision tree needs to be established to select therapeutic options for management of patients whose diagnoses remain indeterminate even after thin-section CT. Formulation of a decision tree based not only on clinical findings but also on the results of diagnostic imaging is necessary to improve clinical decision making regarding small solitary pulmonary nodules.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Thymic Hodgkin's disease with cystic variants: a case report].

We report an unusual case of thymic Hodgkin's disease with cystic variants. The patient complained of nodules in his neck. Chest radiographs showed a mass with cystic lesions in the anterior mediastinum. Although Hodgkin's disease was suspected from pathologic examination of biopsy specimens of the neck nodules, the mediastinal and neck masses could not be precisely diagnosed until a median sternotomy was done. The surgically excised mediastinal masses revealed thymic Hodgkin's disease with cystic lesions. The patient has done well after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thymic Hodgkin's disease with cystic variants is very rare and only seventeen cases of this disease have been reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Mediastinal lymph node metastasis from lung cancer: evaluation with Tl-201 SPECT--comparison with CT.

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in detection of mediastinal lymph node metastasis from lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) and Tl-201 SPECT were performed in 113 patients with lung cancer. Surgical staging was performed in all patients, and the results of the two modalities were compared with the pathologic findings in 364 node stations. RESULTS: Cancerous nodes were found in 32.7% of the patients. The sensitivity of CT in detecting mediastinal node metastasis was 62%; specificity was 80%. These rates were higher for Tl-201 SPECT (76% and 92%, respectively). Furthermore, these rates were excellent in patients with enlarged mediastinal nodes at CT (87% and 93%, respectively). However, Tl-201 SPECT had more limited spatial resolution than did CT. CONCLUSION: Tl-201 SPECT is useful in evaluation of mediastinal node metastasis in lung cancer, especially for patients with enlarged nodes at CT.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Nasal intubation with Bullard laryngoscope: a useful approach for difficult airways.

Since the original technique using the Bullard laryngoscope requires considerable practice to be reliable, we have developed an easier method with a directional-tip endotracheal tube through the nostril. We first examined the feasibility of our method in patients with or without difficult airways. All 26 patients with difficult airways were successfully tracheally intubated with our method, and times for visualization and intubation were not different from those in 10 patients with normal airways. We further examined the direction of the tips of endotracheal tubes through the nostril in 128 patients with normal airways using four combinations of two kinds of both laryngoscopes (Bullard and Macintosh) and endotracheal tubes (directional-tip tube: Endotrol, Mallinckrodt Laboratories, Athlone, Ireland; or straight distal-end tube: Blue Line, Portex Ltd., Hythe Kent, United Kingdom). We found that a combination of the Bullard laryngoscope and the Endotrol tube had a higher probability of accessing the center of the glottis than the others. In conclusion, nasal insertion of a directional-tip tube assisted by the Bullard laryngoscope is an assured and prompt procedure for intubating the tracheas of patients with difficult airways.

Adult↗