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Biomedical subjects

N Minato

Publications and source records attributed to N Minato.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Interleukin 1 in host anti-tumor mechanisms].

The concept and practice of immunotherapy for human malignancy are based on the advances which have been made in detailed biological analysis of host defence mechanisms against tumors, which have indicated a wide variety of cellular and molecular antitumor mechanisms. Among these are various cytokines that can affect tumor growth and spread either directly or indirectly through host cellular effector mechanisms. Interleukin I (IL-1), a cytokine derived from activated macrophages, is known to induce profound biological effects in a variety of tissues and cells, generally producing a complex of responses associated with inflammation. It has also been shown to be essentially involved in the initiation of specific as well as nonspecific immune responses. Thus, although no solid evidence is yet available that IL-1 can produce any beneficial effects in the management of malignancy therapeutically, it seems worth considering the potential applicability of the molecule in tumor immunity. In this short paper, some of the functional aspects of IL-1 are summarized from the viewpoint of its effects on host antitumor cellular mechanisms, and the potential applicability as well as the possible problems associated with IL-1 in the management of malignancy are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with bladder cancer: a study with monoclonal antibodies.

Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations of 47 patients with bladder cancer were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8 and OKIa7). Thirty five patients were untreated, and 12 were treated, disease-free patients. In untreated patients, the number of total lymphocytes and the percentage of OKT3+ cells decreased. Among the OKT3+ T cell population, the percentage of OKT4+ cells tended to decrease significantly, whereas the percentage of OKT8+ cells rather increased, resulting in the decrease of the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio. These tendencies became more evident as the stage advanced. In treated, disease-free patients, no such characteristic changes were observed and the lymphocyte subpopulation apparently fell into the normal range. Furthermore, the retrospective study clearly indicated that the patients with a lower OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio showed a higher recurrence rate within a year. Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations thus appears to be useful in the follow-up of bladder cancer patients, especially those with superficial tumors.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

[A case of acute occlusion of the left common iliac artery due to blunt abdominal trauma].

A 56-year-old man was involved in an automobile accident and had abdominal blunt injury with the steering wheel. He developed slight abdominal distension and pulseless, cold sensation and peripheral cyanosis of the left lower extremity which suggested acute arterial occlusion. DSA revealed complete obstruction of the common iliac artery near its origin and the leakage of contrast medium at peripheral branch of the SMA. Four and a half hours after injury, surgical exploration was carried out. Laparotomy showed the laceration of the mesentery with accumulation of massive fresh and clotted blood in the abdominal cavity. Obstructed portion of the left common iliac artery was resected and arterial reconstruction was performed with prosthetic graft (8mm Gore-Tex for end to end left common-left external iliac bypass, 6mm Gore-Tex for side to end right common-left hypogastric bypass). A resected specimen demonstrated completely disrupted intima, resulting in the obstruction of the lumen associated with distal fresh thrombosis. The postoperative course was uneventful with successful patency of both grafts.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1986

A recombinant murine granulocyte/macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor derived from an inducer T cell line (IH5.5). Functional restriction to GM progenitor cells.

The cDNA for the murine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was cloned from a cDNA library obtained from a murine T cell line, IH5.5, by using two synthetic probes that encoded two parts of the GM-CSF from murine lung. The cDNA inserted into the plasmid vector pcDV1 was transfected into monkey COS-1 cells and the conditioned medium was used to investigate the hemopoietic activities of the resultant product, recombinant GM-CSF (rGM-CSF), by means of various colony assays. rGM-CSF stimulated only neutrophil/macrophage colonies in the cultures of murine normal bone marrow and fetal liver cells. No other colony stimulating activities (CSA) were seen in the preparation including burst-promoting activity, eosinophil-CSA, megakaryocyte-CSA and mast cell-CSA. rGM-CSF could not support colony formation of 5-fluorouracil-treated mouse spleen cells, in which only the primitive population of stem cells survived. However, after culture of these cells with PWM-spleen cell-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM), the colonies consisting of blast cells were formed. These blast cells could now be induced to form neutrophil/macrophage colonies in the presence of rGM-CSF. Pure neutrophil colonies, pure macrophage colonies, as well as mixed neutrophil/macrophage colonies, were formed from these single blast cells in the presence of rGM-CSF by micromanipulation. rGM-CSF did not act on pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells, but did act directly and selectively on neutrophil/macrophage progenitors. Moreover, striking heterogeneities were noted in the size of the colonies and the proportion of components. GM-CSF is, therefore, considered to play a noninstructive role in the differentiation of the GM pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Expression and rearrangement of the alpha, beta, and gamma chain genes of the T cell receptor in cloned murine large granular lymphocyte lines. No correlation with the cytotoxic spectrum.

Using cloned murine large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lines, the expression and the rearrangement of the alpha, beta, and gamma chain genes of the T cell receptor (TCR) were analyzed. Morphological, phenotypical, as well as functional studies indicated that the LGL lines were identical to normal, endogenous NK cells. Northern blot hybridization analysis indicated that the full-length transcripts of all the alpha, beta, and gamma chain genes were expressed in most of the LGL lines, including two lines derived from athymic nude mice. In one line, SPB, however, no transcript of the gamma chain gene was detected, whereas the alpha and beta chain genes were clearly expressed. In every LGL line studied, all of the alpha, beta, and gamma chain genes were rearranged. Conforming to the results of Northern blot hybridization study, the gamma chain gene of the SPB line was aberrantly rearranged, whereas those of all the other lines were productively rearranged. The results clearly revealed that NK cells represented a population of lymphocytes genetically committed to the T cell lineage. It was also suggested that the expression and rearrangement of the TCR genes of NK cells might occur in a thymus-independent fashion. An SPB line without expression of the gamma chain gene could exhibit NK activity indistinguishable from other NK lines. Furthermore, the rearrangement patterns of the beta chain gene did not correlate with the specificity of the cytotoxic activity. These results strongly suggested that the cytotoxic activity in NK cells was not directly mediated by TCR on them. We particularly noted that the beta chain gene of most independently established LGL lines showed identical patterns of rearrangement, indicating that they used the same V beta and J beta gene segments. The significance of the restricted pattern of rearrangement of the beta chain gene in LGL lines, as well as the possible functional roles of TCR on NK cells, was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Surgical treatment of congenital distal tracheal stenosis involving the carina.

Untreated congenital stenosis of the distal trachea frequently results in lethal airway obstruction. A 3-year-old boy with segmental stenosis of the distal trachea and a 2-year-old girl with segmental stenosis involving the carina and the right main bronchus were treated successfully with resection and reanastomosis. Operative techniques, anesthetic management, postoperative care, and tracheal growth after anastomosis are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Mechanisms of lymphocyte adhesion to human vascular endothelial cells in culture. T lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells through endothelial HLA-DR antigens induced by gamma interferon.

The effects of interferons (IFNs) on lymphocyte adhesion to cultured human vascular endothelial cells (EC) were investigated using an in vitro assay. Endothelial cells obtained from umbilical vein were first cultured at a low density with a conditioned medium (CM) from 12-O-tetra decanoylphorbol 13-acetate-concanavalin A (TPA-Con A) stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), or with recombinant (r) gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) or r alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), and then were incubated with freshly isolated PBL. Natural IFN-gamma in the TPA-Con A CM and rIFN-gamma (12.5-500 U/ml) induced major histocompatibility complex-class II antigens (HLA-DR, HLA-DP, and HLA-DQ) and significant lymphocyte adhesion to the EC, whereas rIFN-alpha did not. The lymphocyte adhesion to the EC and the expression of DR antigens on the EC were well correlated in terms of both kinetics and the dose-response pattern of rIFN-gamma. When EC expressing I region associated (Ia) antigen were preincubated with monoclonal anti-DR antibody before the addition of lymphocytes, the lymphocyte adhesion was significantly inhibited in both allogeneic and syngeneic combinations, whereas anti-HLA-DP, anti-HLA-DQ, and anti-HLA-ABC antibodies did not inhibit the binding at all. Cell fractionation experiments indicated that the majority of lymphocytes adhering to Ia-expressed EC were Leu-3+ T cells, whose binding was again almost completely inhibited by anti-DR antibody. Moreover, anti-Leu-3a, but not anti-Leu-2a, antibody effectively inhibited the T cell adhesion to the EC. These results strongly suggest that the interaction of the Leu-3(T4) receptor of T cells with IFN-gamma-induced DR antigens on EC plays a central role in the selective adhesion of Leu-3+ T cell to EC.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Regulation of the growth and functions of cloned murine large granular lymphocyte lines by resident macrophages.

Using cloned lines with the morphology of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) from BALB/c mice, we studied the exact requirements for proliferation and their functional characteristics, as well as their regulation. Although these cloned LGL lines were interleukin 2 (IL-2) dependent for growth, experiments using human recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2), known to be active on murine cells, indicated that IL-2 was a necessary but not sufficient factor. Coexistance of normal macrophages in addition to rIL-2 was found to support continuous proliferation of cloned LGL in vitro. This role of macrophages could be replaced by partially purified IL-1 derived from macrophage-conditioned medium. An IL-2 binding assay using 125I-rIL-2 suggested that the role of normal macrophages was to selectively induce and/or maintain high affinity IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) (Kd, 0.2-0.5 nM) without affecting low affinity ones (Kd, 10-30 nM). Functional studies indicated that most of the LGL clones killed various combinations of representative groups of natural killer (NK)-susceptible target cells, including leukemic cells (YAC-1, RL male 1), virus-infected cells (HeLa-measles, HeLa-herpes simplex virus), and normal bone marrow cells (BMC), whereas none of them affected any of NK-resistant target cells, including uninfected HeLa cells. Some of these clones also suppressed in vitro hematopoiesis. Such characteristic cytotoxic spectra, as well as serological phenotypes (Thy-1+, Lyt-1-2-, asialo GM1-positive, T200+, TdT-, Fc receptor-positive) indicated that these LGL clones exactly represent endogenous NK cells, rather than a variety of anomalous killer cells generated in various culture conditions. Although there was significant heterogeneity of cytotoxic spectrum among LGL clones, no clonotypic distribution of specificities was observed. Normal macrophages were found to modulate the functional expression of LGL clones. They augmented the cytotoxic potential of the clones against leukemic and virus-infected targets, but suppressed intrinsic reactivity against normal BMC. Similarly, LGL clones maintained with macrophages showed much less suppressive effect on in vitro hematopoiesis. The present observations on the interaction of cloned LGL and normal macrophages provide a basic explanation for the mechanisms by which the immediate responsiveness to IL-2 of the NK effector system, without exogenous stimulation, and the functional selectivity toward abnormal rather than normal cells, are actively maintained in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A murine cell line (2E10.4.13) produces five hemopoietic stimulators, and interleukin-2 and interleukin-3.

An interleukin-2 (IL-2)-independent murine lymphocyte clone (2E10.4.13) with the Thy1+Lyt1+2-T200+ phenotype was separated from the original IL-2-dependent natural killer (NK) cell line (PEC-1). Erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA), erythropoietin (Ep), granulocyte/macrophage, megakaryocyte and eosinophil colony-stimulating factors (GM-, MK- and Eo-CSF), IL-2 and Interleukin-3 (IL-3) were produced when these cells were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). When the conditioned medium was run through ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, BPA, Ep, GM-CSF, MK-CSF and Eo-CSF were eluted in the same region as IL-3. In contrast, MK-CSF, much of the GM-CSF and half of the Eo-CSF were eluted in a distinct region where no IL-3 was detected. Chemical analyses of the hemopoietic factors derived from a single T inducer clone indicated that all the hemopoietic activities were associated with IL-3 activity. Some CSF activities (GM-, MK- and Eo-CSF) also could be mediated by the distinct molecules from IL-3, evidence that heterogeneous molecules are responsible for CSF activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Acute but intermittent sticking of a Björk-Shiley mitral valve in closed position.

An acute, intermittent sticking of a Björk-Shiley valve placed in the mitral position is described. It occurred shortly after the valve replacement, but 9 hours later, this 10-year-old female patient recovered from the accident without reoperation. Fluid infusion, left atrial compression, a sharp precordial blow or atrioventricular sequential pacing were effective for unlocking or prevention of the stuck valve. The mechanism was suspected to be impingement of remnant chordae tendinea.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

TCGF (IL 2)-receptor inducing factor(s). I. Regulation of IL 2 receptor on a natural killer-like cell line (YT cells).

A continuous cell line (YT cells) with inducible receptor for T cell growth factor (TCGF)/interleukin 2 (IL 2) was established from a 15-yr-old boy with acute lymphoblastic lymphoma and thymoma. YT cells were tetraploid, having 4q+ chromosomal markers, and proliferated continuously in vitro without conditioned medium (CM) or IL 2. They were weakly positive for OKT9, OKT11, and Tac antigen (Ag), a determinant closely associated with the receptor for IL 2 (IL 2-R), and were negative for OKT1, OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 Ag. YT cells also expressed HNK-1 Ag and Fc receptors for IgG, which are expressed on natural killer (NK) cells. They retained a killing activity against human cell lines, including K562 (myeloid), T, and B cell lines. Unlike Tac Ag/IL 2-R(+) cell lines derived from adult T cell leukemia (ATL), YT cells were negative for HTLV, as proved by Southern blotting with cDNA for viral DNA. The expression of Tac Ag was markedly enhanced in 18 hr, when YT cells were incubated with CM from PHA-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) or spleen cells, as determined by immunofluorescence by using flow cytometry and binding assay with 125I-anti-Tac antibody (Ab). The binding study with 125I-labeled recombinant IL 2 showed 3.2 X 10(4) IL 2 receptor sites on YT cells precultured with CM. PHA-P and Con A neither agglutinate nor enhance the expression of IL 2-R/Tac antigen on these non-T cell line cells. Furthermore, neither recombinant IL 2 nor gamma-interferon could induce IL 2-R on YT cells, suggesting the presence of a unique IL 2-R inducing factor in PBL or spleen CM. Unlike Tac Ag on HTLV(+), ATL-derived cell lines (Hut-102, MT-1, ATL-2), the expression of Tac Ag on YT cells was down-regulated by anti-Tac Ab. The induction of Tac Ag/IL 2-R on YT cells seemed specific, because the enhancement of Tac Ag expression was not associated with that of Ia Ag and T9/transferrin receptor.

Adolescent↗