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Biomedical subjects

N Milman

Publications and source records attributed to N Milman.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Percutaneous lung biopsy with a semi-automatic, spring-driven fine needle. Preliminary results in 13 patients.

The diagnostic value of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy using a newly designed, semi-automatic, spring-driven fine needle (Autovac, diameter 0.95 and 1.2 mm) was assessed in a study of 13 patients with circumscribed pulmonary lesions (median diameter 50 mm, range 25-100). In all patients, biopsy specimens 2-30 mm long, were obtained for histologic examination. Eleven patients had malignant lesions, in all these the biopsies showed malignancy, and the tumour type was correctly classified in 10 patients. Two patients had benign lesions, one of these was correctly diagnosed by histology. One patient developed pneumothorax at the biopsy procedure. The Autovac needle combines the safety of fine aspiration needles with the qualities of biopsies obtained using larger cutting needles.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Iron status in Danish women aged 35-65 years. Relation to menstruation and method of contraception.

Iron status was assessed by serum (S-) ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb) in a population survey comprising 883 non-gravid Danish women in age cohorts of 35, 45, 55, and 65 years. Premenopausal women (n = 676) had lower S-ferritin, median 42 micrograms/l, than postmenopausal women (n = 207), median 80 micrograms/l (p < 0.0001). Of premenopausal women, 12.1% had S-ferritin < or = 20 micrograms/l (i.e. depleted iron stores), and 35.6% S-ferritin of 21-40 micrograms/l (i.e. small iron stores). Corresponding figures in postmenopausal women were 0.5% and 13.2%. Premenopausal blood donors (n = 88) had lower S-ferritin than non-donors (p < 0.001). In premenopausal women, S-ferritin levels were strongly dependent on the duration of menstrual bleeding (p < 0.0001), which in turn was related to the method of contraception. Women (n = 64) using hormonal contraceptives (the pill) had menstrual bleeding of shorter duration than those (n = 511) not using pills or intrauterine devices (IUD), who in turn had bleeding of shorter duration than those (n = 101) using IUD. Median S-ferritin in pill users was 62 micrograms/l, in those not using pills or IUD 42 micrograms/l, and in IUD users 36 micrograms/l. S-ferritin values < 40 micrograms/l (i.e. small and depleted iron stores) were seen in 25% of pill users, in 48% of those not using pills or IUD, and in 61% of IUD users.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Detection of antibodies in serum against M. tuberculosis using western blot technique. Comparison between sarcoidosis patients and healthy subjects.

Antibodies in serum of IgG and IgA class against Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected by Western blot technique in 32 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and in 10 BCG and 10 non-BCG vaccinated healthy individuals. All three groups demonstrated multiple IgG and IgA antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein antigens. Preabsorption of the sera with an Escherichia coli antigen did not influence the results. There were no consistent differences in the antibody profiles in patients with sarcoidosis and healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin in patients with meningitis and cerebral infarction or bleeding.

The diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ferritin was assessed in 30 patients with meningeal reaction (viral meningitis 10; bacterial meningitis 6; meningism 14) and in 37 patients with cerebrovascular disease (cerebral infarction 29; transient ischaemic attacks 4; cerebral haemorrhage 4). The control group comprised 13 subjects with minor neurological disorders. CSF-ferritin levels were not significantly different in the various subgroups, most patients having values within the normal reference interval (2-7 micrograms/l). A clearly elevated CSF-ferritin was seen in one patient with bacterial meningitis and in one patient with intraventricular bleeding. In patients with meningeal reaction, CSF-ferritin was significantly correlated to CSF-protein. Patients with cerebrovascular disease displayed significant correlations between CSF-albumin and CSF-IgG and between CSF-ferritin, CSF-albumin and CSF-IgG. The present study indicates that measurement of CSF-ferritin is of no practical clinical relevance in the evaluation of patients with meningeal reaction and cerebrovascular disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Statistical pitfalls in the comparison between two commercial serum ferritin kits, Pharmacia and Amersham.

Two commercial ferritin kits, Phadebas Ferritin PRIST (kit B) and Ferritin RIA Amersham (kit A) were compared in order to "translate" ferritin values from one kit to the other. Ferritin levels in 222 sera were determined with both kits in the concentration range 5-838 micrograms/l. Regression analysis disclosed a parabolic regression between the logarithmically transformed results obtained with the two kits. Measured kit B values of 10, 12, 15, 30 and 300 micrograms/l corresponded to calculated kit A values of 15, 17, 20, 34 and 321 micrograms/l, respectively. In kit A, storage of sera for two years at -25 degrees C in combination with freeze-thawing three times produced a minor fall (p < 0.0001) in ferritin levels with a median percent decline of 16%.

Drug Storage↗
PubMed1992

Transferrin subtypes in 51 Danish patients with hereditary haemochromatosis and in 847 normal subjects.

Transferrin (TF) subtypes were determined by isoelectric focusing in 51 unrelated Danish patients with hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) and in 847 normal subjects. The following TF phenotype frequencies were observed in HH patients and controls, respectively: TF*C1, 70.6% vs. 58.8%; TF*C2, 5.9% vs. 2.4%; TF*C3, 0% vs. 0.4%; TF*C1-2, 11.8% vs. 24.7%; TF*C1-3, 5.9% vs. 9.7%; TF*C2-3, 3.9% vs. 2.2%; TF*B-C1, 2.0% vs. 1.5%; TF*B-C2, 0% vs. 0.4%. None of these differences were statistically significant. There was no relationship between the TF subtypes and the clinical or paraclinical expression of disease in HH patients.

Denmark↗
PubMed1992

Iron status markers, serum ferritin and hemoglobin in 1359 Danish women in relation to menstruation, hormonal contraception, parity, and postmenopausal hormone treatment.

Iron status was assessed by measuring serum (S-) ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb) in a population survey comprising 1359 nonpregnant Danish women, in age cohorts of 30, 40, 50, and 60 years; 809 were premenopausal and 550 postmenopausal. Median age for menarche was 14 years, for menopause (artificial and natural) 48 years. Premenopausal women had lower S-ferritin (median 37 micrograms/l) than postmenopausal women (median 71 micrograms/l; p less than 0.0001). Of the premenopausal women, 17.7% had S-ferritin less than 15 micrograms/l (i.e., depleted iron stores), and 23.1% S-ferritin of 15-30 micrograms/l (i.e., small iron stores). Corresponding figures in postmenopausal women were 3.3% and 10.3%. Hb values in premenopausal women were mean 137 +/- 10 (SD) g/l (8.5 +/- 0.6 mmol/l) vs. 140 +/- 10 g/l (8.7 +/- 0.6 mmol/l) in postmenopausal women (p less than 0.0001); 4.1% of pre- and 3.3% of postmenopausal women had values less than 121 g/l (7.5 mmol/l). Iron deficiency anemia (i.e., S-ferritin less than 15 micrograms/l and Hb less than 121 g/l) was found in 2.6% of pre- and 0.36% of postmenopausal women. Premenopausal multipara had lower S-ferritin than nulli- and unipara (p less than 0.04). The use of oral contraceptives had a marked influence on iron stores; premenopausal women taking the pill had higher S-ferritin and a lower frequency of depleted iron reserves than nonusers (p less than 0.01). Postmenopausal estrogen treatment had no influence on S-ferritin or Hb.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Iron stores in 1359, 30- to 60-year-old Danish women: evaluation by serum ferritin and hemoglobin.

Iron status, including serum (S-)ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb), was assessed in a population survey comprising 1359 nonpregnant Danish women in age cohorts of 30, 40, 50, and 60 years. S-ferritin levels were similar in 30- and 40-year-old women; they displayed a significant increase in 50-year-old women and a further significant increase in 60-year-old women. In the 30- and 40-year-old women, median S-ferritin was 38 micrograms/l, 5-95 percentile 6-135 micrograms/l; 17.2% had values less than 15 micrograms/l (i.e., depleted iron stores), 22.7% values from 15 to 30 micrograms/l (i.e., small iron stores), and 60.1% values greater than 30 micrograms/l (i.e., replete iron stores). In the 50-year-old women, median S-ferritin was 54 micrograms/l, 5-95 percentile 10-164 micrograms/l; 10.3% had values less than 15 micrograms/l, 16.5% values from 15 to 30 micrograms/l, and 73.2% values greater than 30 micrograms/l. For the 60-year-old women, median S-ferritin was 84 micrograms/l, 5-95 percentile 25-249 micrograms/l; 1.6% had values less than 15 micrograms/l, 8.6% values from 15 to 30 micrograms/l, and 89.8% values greater than 30 micrograms/l. Blood donors (n = 180) had lower S-ferritin than nondonors in all age-groups (p less than 0.001). In the entire series, Hb levels were similar in 30- and 40-year-old women, median 137 milligrams (8.5 mmol/l), 5-95 percentile 121-152 milligrams (7.5-9.4 mmol/l), and higher in 50- and 60-year-old women, median 140 milligrams (8.7 mmol/l), 5-95 percentile 123-158 milligrams (7.6-9.8 mmol/l) (p less than 0.0001). Hb values less than 121 milligrams (7.5 mmol/l) were observed in 3.8% of the women. Women with S-ferritin less than 15 micrograms/l (n = 161) had lower Hb, median 134 milligrams (8.3 mmol/l), than those with S-ferritin greater than or equal to 15 micrograms/l, median 139 milligrams (8.6 mmol/l) (p less than 0.001). Iron deficiency anemia (S-ferritin less than 15 micrograms/l and Hb less than 121 milligrams) was seen in 2.3% of 30- and 40-year-old women, and in 1.1% of 50- and 60-year-old women.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Demonstration of the intracellular production of tissue-destructive protease by Legionella pneumophila multiplying within guinea-pig and human alveolar macrophages.

The major extracellular enzyme of Legionella pneumophila, a metalloprotease, has been proposed as a pathogenic factor in Legionnaires' disease due to its cytotoxic, tissue-destructive, and phagocyte-inhibitory properties. The relevance of these activities depends on the production of the protease during infection, i.e. by L. pneumophila multiplying intracellularly. In this study, L. pneumophila was demonstrated to produce protease in guinea-pig and human alveolar macrophages infected in vitro. After 24 h infection, approximately 0.1 to 0.2 micrograms of protease per 10(6) bacteria was measured by ELISA in culture supernatants and lysates of the infected cells, whereas no protease could be detected immediately after infection. Immunogold labelling using anti-protease antibody showed the enzyme to be located within phagosomes and distributed throughout the macrophages. Recent observations have shown that this protease could modify host defence mechanisms through inhibition of bacterial killing by neutrophils and monocytes. The intracellular production of the enzyme in infected macrophages demonstrated here further supports a role for the protease in the pathogenesis of Legionnaires' disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. A case report.

Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma is usually localized to the terminal bronchioles and alveoli, and may present on chest X-ray as interstitial pulmonary disease with diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates. The cytological diagnosis is often difficult to obtain. This case demonstrates that bronchoalveolar lavage can be useful in the diagnostic evaluation of this type of malignancy, in conjunction with transbronchial lung biopsy.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1992

An HLA study in 74 Danish haemochromatosis patients and in 21 of their families.

HLA-A and -B alleles in 74 Danish patients and 21 homozygous relatives with idiopathic haemochromatosis (IH) were compared with those in a sample of 1719 chromosomes from healthy Danish control subjects. The following alleles occurred with higher frequencies in IH compared to controls: A3: 53.6% vs. 15.1% (Pc less than 0.001); B7: 33.1% vs. 15.6% (Pc less than 0.001); B14: 6.9% vs. 3.0% (Pc greater than 0.05); B38: 5% vs. 0.9% (Pc greater than 0.05); B47: 4.0% vs. 0.4% (Pc greater than 0.05). Pedigree analyses disclosed 19 different haplotypes in IH subjects, compared to 286 haplotypes in controls. The following haplotypes occurred with higher frequency in IH compared to controls: A3,B5: 10.3% vs. 0.3% (Pc less than 0.001); A3,B7: 25.6% vs. 6.6% (Pc = 0.001); A3,B14: 3.4% vs. 0.6% (Pc greater than 0.05); A3,B47: 6.9% vs. 0.2% (Pc greater than 0.05). The major IH marker HLA-A3 was found in 56% of the haplotypes. The patterns of HLA-alleles associated with IH in Denmark show similarities to those in Central Europe, Australia, USA and Canada, being A3,B7 dominated and those in Central Sweden, England and Ireland, being A3,B14 dominated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Superoxide anion release from blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages in patients with diffuse lung fibrosis.

Superoxide anion release (O2-) after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate was measured in alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and in blood monocytes from 47 patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (N = 15), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (N = 7), pneumoconiosis (N = 6) and sarcoidosis (N = 19). Differential cell counts demonstrated a lymphocyte predominance in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and sarcoidosis while the other groups had neutrophil predominance. No correlation between O2- activity in alveolar macrophages (AM) or blood monocytes (BM) compared to lung function (VC and diffusing capacity) could be demonstrated. Smoking pneumoconiotics had significantly decreased BM O2- release (1.25 +/- 0.25 (SEM) nmol/min/10(6) cells) and significantly increased AM/BM O2- ratios (2.04 +/- 0.26) compared to smokers with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who had the following mean values: BM O2- release = 2.58 +/- 0.25 and AM/BM O2- ratio = 0.86 +/- 0.23. When matched for sex and smoking, a significantly increased AM/BM O2- ratio was seen among patients with HP (2.19 +/- 0.98) in comparison with patients who had sarcoidosis (0.40 +/- 0.18). Patients with either HP or pneumoconiosis had generally elevated AM O2- release and reduced BM O2- release. These results suggest that environmentally related interstitial lung disorders (HP and pneumoconiosis) may be associated with elevated AM O2- release relative to BM O2- release in comparison to non-environmentally related disorders (IPF or sarcoidosis).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Serum ferritin in a Greenlandic Inuit hunter population from the Thule district.

Serum (S-) ferritin was analyzed in 67 Greenlandic Inuit hunters from Thule (Qaanaaq), 35 males and 32 females with a median age of 39 years (range 17-77). S-ferritin was higher in males, median 211 micrograms/l (range 30-1040), than in females, median 87 micrograms/l (range 33-794) (p less than 0.01). None of the subjects had S-ferritin less than or equal to 20 micrograms/l (i.e. depleted iron stores); 5 of the 48 subjects less than or equal to 50 years old had S-ferritin 21-40 micrograms/l (i.e. small iron stores). All 19 subjects greater than 50 years old had S-ferritin greater than 40 micrograms/l (i.e. replete iron stores) and 8 showed values greater than 300 micrograms/l (i.e. increased iron stores). S-ferritin levels increased with the percent energy intake from traditional native hunter food (rs = 0.26, p less than 0.05). Inuit had higher S-ferritin than Danish Caucasian subjects. In Inuit of both sexes, S-ferritin displayed a correlation to age (rs = 0.63, p less than 0.0001 in the entire series), indicating gradually increasing S-ferritin levels during lifetime, without the plateaus seen in Caucasians. These findings suggest continued accumulation of iron reserves in elderly Inuit, due to consumption of large quantities of iron rich meat from marine mammals and/or genetic differences in the regulatory mechanisms for body iron stores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Adult Gaucher's disease with pulmonary involvement].

Gaucher's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase with accumulation of glucocerebroside in the reticuloendothelial system. Affection of the lungs by this disease is extremely rare. When Gaucher cells infiltrate the lung, fibrosis may result. We describe a case with adult type Gaucher's disease who, besides affection of liver, spleen and bone marrow, had severe pulmonary involvement with extensive interstitial fibrosis, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and pronounced reduction in diffusion capacity.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1991

[Iatrogenic pneumothorax treated with a small calibre pleural tube].

Fourty-three patients (28 males, 15 females, median age 50 years) with iatrogenic pneumothorax following invasive diagnostic procedures (percutaneous transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy 26, fiberoptic transbronchial biopsy 14, pleurocentesis 3), were treated with small calibre thoracic tube drainage. The tube consisted of a teflon catheter, 160 mm long, 2 mm in outer diameter which was inserted into the second intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line in local analgesia. Pneumothorax was evacuated by intermittent aspiration with a syringe in 16 patients. In the remaining 27 patients the catheter was connected to a one way flutter valve. Treatment was uncomplicated in all patients and successful in 41 (95%) patients, while two required a large calibre chest tube on account of persistent leakage. The median drainage time was 48 hours. Small calibre thoracic tube with a one way flutter valve is convenient for treatment of iatrogenic pneumothorax, being less traumatic and less expensive than conventional thoracic tube drainage.

Adult↗