Medication display board in an HIV clinic.
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Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
Biomedical subjects
N McBride
Publications and source records attributed to N McBride.
Early results from a school alcohol harm minimization study: the School Health and Alcohol Harm Reduction Project.
AIMS: The School Health and Alcohol Harm Reduction Project aims to reduce alcohol-related harm by enhancing students' abilities to identify and deal with high-risk drinking situations particularly likely to be encountered by young people. DESIGN: The SHAHRP study has adopted a quasi-experimental research design, incorporating intervention and control groups and measuring change over a 3-year period. SETTING: The study is set in metropolitan, government secondary schools (13-17-year-olds) in Perth, Western Australia. The 14 schools involved in the SHAHRP study represent approximately 23% of government secondary schools in the Perth metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS: The sample was selected using cluster sampling, with stratification by socio-economic area, and involves over 2300 intervention and control students from junior secondary schools. Seventy-three per cent (73.7%) of students completed surveys at both baseline and first follow-up. INTERVENTION: The intervention incorporated evidence-based approaches to enhance potential for behaviour change in the target population. The intervention is a curriculum-based programmeme with an explicit harm minimization goal and will be conducted in two phases over a 2-year period. MEASURES AND FINDINGS: The early results of the study demonstrate initial knowledge and attitude change, predicted by the students' involvement in the intervention. A surprising impact of the first phase of SHAHRP was the significant difference in alcohol consumption and harms between control and intervention groups, with the SHAHRP group demonstrating a significantly lower increase in alcohol consumption than the control group. Students who were supervised drinkers at baseline and who received the SHAHRP intervention were overwhelmingly represented in the change results. CONCLUSIONS: Results from phase one of the SHAHRP study suggest that classroom-based alcohol education programmemes can reduce harm, particularly in students who are supervised drinkers prior to the intervention.
Adolescent↗
The Western Australian School Health Project: comparing the effects of intervention intensity on organizational support for school health promotion.
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in school health promotion practice related to two levels of intervention in the Western Australian School Health (WASH) Project: (1) a low-intensity intervention involving a single mail-out of WASH Project resources, and (2) a high-intensity intervention involving training, planning time and expert support. The schools involved in the study were divided into three groups. Treatment group 1 received the high-intensity intervention, treatment group 2 received the low-intensity intervention and a comparison group received no intervention. Two scales were developed to assess change, i.e. a school organizational scale (Chronbach's alpha = 0.76) and a health promotion activity scale (Chronbach's alpha = 0.79). The results indicate that a high-intensity intervention, such as the WASH Project, which provides training to a critical mass of school community members from each school, ongoing access to an expert in the field, as well as dedicated planning time, is able to increase the comprehensiveness and quality of health strategic planning by schools. Furthermore, the results suggest that a low-intensity mail-out intervention is no more successful in initiating change that providing no intervention at all.
Adolescent↗
What harms do young Australians experience in alcohol-use situations?
OBJECTIVE: An insight into the alcohol-related experiences of young students in Perth, Western Australia, with particular emphasis to alcohol-related harm. METHOD: The sample of 2,329 students (female: n = 1,089, male: n = 1,240) is a school-based group selected using cluster sampling, with stratification by socio-economic area and represents 11 to 12 year olds' experiences with alcohol and alcohol-related harm. The SHAHRP survey instrument was developed and pre-tested to measure students' knowledge, attitudes, patterns and context of use, harms associated with the students' own alcohol consumption and harms associated with other people's use of alcohol and incorporates the students' perceptions of alcohol-related harm. RESULTS: Nearly two-thirds of all young people consumed alcohol under adult supervision; nearly 40% of all young males and 34% of all young females drink alcohol in unsupervised situations; and a fifth of young males consumed alcohol alone. Young males start drinking younger and consumed alcohol more regularly than young females, and consumed more alcohol per occasion. In the past 12 months, young males experienced more than five and young females more than three alcohol-related harms associated with their own alcohol consumption. They experienced a similar number of harms associated with other people's use of alcohol. Unsupervised drinkers were nearly seven times more likely to experience alcohol-related harm than supervised drinkers and nearly 13 times more likely to experience alcohol-related harm than non-drinkers. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The results can help inform the development of alcohol education programs for young people.
Age Distribution↗
Encouraging schools to promote health: impact of the Western Australian School Health Project (1992-1995).
The Western Australian School Health (WASH) Project, a school health promotion intervention operating over a four-year period (1992-1995), provided a comprehensive, year-long intervention to help successive groups of schools develop health promotion programs. The WASH Project worked with self-selected school communities and used community development strategies to support participating schools in identifying and responding to health concerns relevant to their students. This paper reports the school impact results of the WASH Project. School impact data involved 24 variables categorized into two areas: school organizational factors supportive of health promotion, and school health promotion factors. Two methods of analysis were used: logistic regression indicating the direction of change, and linear regression indicating the magnitude of change. Results demonstrated that schools successfully made organizational changes, such as the allocation of additional time, personnel, and monetary resources, to support health promotion.
Adolescent↗
Autologous transplantation in chronic myeloid leukaemia using peripheral blood stem cells.
Forty-three patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in first chronic phase were recruited to study intensive chemotherapy (idarubicin plus cytarabine; IdAC) followed by collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in the recovery phase. PBSC autografting was performed on 32 patients. One patient died during mobilization and three died following autograft. All procedural deaths occurred in patients who received IdAc more than a year from diagnosis. Nine further patients died, eight following progression of CML. 72% of transplanted patients showed a major cytogenetic response but most cases have returned to Philadelphia-positive haemopoiesis. 62% of autografted patients remain alive (median survival from diagnosis 52 months). Four of the 11 patients who did not receive a transplant remain in chronic phase.
Adult↗
Management information systems--green light for better info.
An EIS gathers financial and non-financial data from a variety of sources, both internal and external to an organisation, and presents them accessibly and understandably. It should facilitate the presentation of data so that it is timely and relevant to senior managers' needs. Generally, there are three categories of EIS: Front-end tools, which enhance the presentation of output from existing systems. For example, they can take the output from a general ledger system and enhance its appearance but do not change the content. Internal consolidation tools, which take data from a number of internal sources (such as the general ledger), store it in a central database, and present it to users. This is often done in report book format to which all EIS style functions may be applied. Integrators of information, which integrate data from internal and external sources. Much of the data is non-financial and a major emphasis is on the users' ability to communicate with each other. The key functions that may be included within an EIS are: Drill down. The facility to explore increasingly detailed levels of data. Trends and variances against pre-set targets, such as financial budgets. Graphics and tabular reporting. Data integrity checking. Analysis of the data, modelling and the production of forecasts using time series analysis techniques. Exception reporting through the use of some form of alert. Incorporation of text into the output.
Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
Clinical chemistry.
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Chemistry, Clinical↗
US laboratory staffing crisis.
In this article, the factors contributing to a shortage of qualified medical laboratory technologists in the US have been examined, and the Canadian perspective studied. Continued public relations programs, with special programs directed to high school, college and university students would seem to be the appropriate way to prevent similar problems from occurring and escalating in Canada.
Career Mobility↗
Nursing care study: a family at breaking point.
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Behavior Therapy↗
Contrasting glottal stops in Gimi.
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Glottis↗
Sudden onset of slow gastric emptying of food.
Three healthy, young adults suddenly experienced the onset of slow gastric emptying. Their symptoms began in February, 1975 in association with a brief illness consistent with a viral gastroenteritis. They complained of early satiety, nausea, and vomiting when they ate solid food and they had lost 11-25 kg in body weight in 8-12 mo. On admission, their physical examinations and laboratory studies were within normal limits. Their stomachs emptied a barium mixture normally, and fiberoptic endoscopy did not detect any abnormalities. The slowed gastric emptying of food was documented with radioisotopic gastric emptying studies. The prolonged emptying rates of 2 patients were reduced 90% with metoclopramide. In association with metoclopramide therapy, the patients were able to eat more food, and they regained 8-10 kg of body weight in 4-6 mo. Their histories raise the possibility that their initial illness may have damaged the mechanisms which control the gastric emptying of food.
Adolescent↗
Diagnostic laparoscopy.
Six hundred fifty-eight laparoscopies were performed at St. Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA, between March 1, 1976 and February 28, 1977. One hundred sixty-eight (25.5%) were performed for diagnostic purposes. A review of the preoperative diagnoses and the laparoscopic findings demonstrates the value of laparoscopy as a diagnostic procedure.
Acute Disease↗