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Biomedical subjects

N Maurin

Publications and source records attributed to N Maurin.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Routine measurement of thromboxane B2 and the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in plasma.

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is mainly formed in thrombocytes. It promotes thrombocyte aggregation and contracts the blood vessels. TXA2 appears to be a specific physiological thrombotic agent. Synthesis of TXA2 is elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus of types I and II and in hypertensive patients. TXA2 has a half-life of about 30 s under physiological conditions. Prostacyclin (PGI2) is formed in the vessel walls. Its action is antagonistic to TXA2, that is, it inhibits platelet aggregation and dilates the blood vessels. Synthesis of PGI2 is depressed in the presence of the classical 4 main risk factors for atherosclerosis: arterial hypertension, hyperlipoproteinaemia, smoking and diabetes mellitus. PGI2 has a half-life of about 3 min under physiological conditions. Since TXA2 and PGI2 are very labile and thus extremely difficult to measure, it is at present usual to measure their stable metabolites thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha). Radioimmunological measurement (RIA) of TXB2 in plasma requires no preliminary work, but radioimmunological measurement of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in plasma requires prior extraction and concentrating, since the concentration of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the plasma is usually below the detection limit of commercial RIA kits. This paper describes standardized conditions for drawing the blood sample, a simple method of extraction from plasma, and the reliability of two commercial RIA kits with 125I tracer in measuring TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in plasma.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1985

[Histo-autoradiographic study of the secretion of gastric mucus in the rat stomach. II. Role of feeding and its combination with an antacid].

The authors use the technique of histoautoradiography after injection of glucose 3H to study the production and excretion of acid mucus in the fundus mucosa of the rat stomach. They demonstrate the effect of fasting, of eating and of eating combined with a topical agent consisting of 3 active principles: beidellitic montmorillonite, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. Eating stimulates the excretion of mucus during the digestive phase. Gelox combined with food allows for the late creation (6 to 12 hours after the meal) of an abundant layer of protective mucus. This topical action on the secretion of acid mucus favourises the physiological protection of the gastric mucosa.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1985

[The register of stillbirths in Bouches-du-Rhône: evaluation after 3 years in operation].

A register of stillbirths from the Bouches-du-Rhône area in France was settled in 1982 with the double goal to provide epidemiological data on mortinatality and to help organizing a network of post-mortem examination. The results on 409 stillbirths out of 21.292 consecutive births are presented. The protocol for post-mortem examination included photography, radiography, karyotype and autopsy. A definitive conclusion was drawn in 75% of cases. The fetal anomalies recognized were isolated malformations (14,4%), multiple malformations (5,1%), syndromes (3,2%) and chromosomal anomalies (3,9%).

Autopsy↗
PubMed1983

The therapy of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.

Of 30 therapy studies which distinguish between improved and non-improved renal function, 350 patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) were evaluated. Pure descriptions of cases were not included. The cases of RPGN were divided into autoantibody-induced and non-autoantibody-induced groups. This latter group was subdivided into idiopathic and symptomatic RPGN. A further distinction was drawn between the different forms of symptomatic RPGN, but no separate evaluations were made, on account of the small numbers of cases. Therapies were divided into immunosuppression, anticoagulant therapy, pulse therapy, and therapeutic plasmapheresis. In autoantibody-induced RPGN, improved renal function was evidenced in only five cases out of 27. In contrast to this, 66% of the non-oliguric patients with creatinine levels greater than 6 mg/dl showed improved renal function after plasma separation. In non-autoantibody-induced RPGN, the least favourable results were shown by anticoagulant treatment, where improvement in renal function was produced in only 34% of the cases treated, and haemorrhagic complications occurred in 25%, about half of which had a fatal outcome. Under pulse therapy, 27 out of 38 patients (71%) showed improvement, as against 59 out of 93 (63%) under plasmapheresis. In contrast to the situation in autoantibody-induced RPGN, it is possible in non-autoantibody-induced RPGN to achieve therapy-induced improvement also in a high percentage of cases where terminal renal insufficiency is present, and even when dialysis treatment has just been commenced. The collected statistics for therapeutic results achieved in RPGN are compared and contrasted with two controlled studies which showed diverging findings.

Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease↗
PubMed1980

Blood fluidity and coagulation phenomena in chronic arterial occlusive disease.

Blood fluidity depends on a number of factors of which especially the deformability of erythrocytes is of importance. Investigations reported in this paper have revealed an interdependence between blood fluidity and coagulability of blood. They confirm the significance of maintaining red cells deformability if an adequate microcirculation is to be provided in patients with occlusive vascular disease. High doses of oral pentoxifylline are able to improve erythrocyte flow rates in patients with occlusive vascular disorder. This agent also decreases platelet hyper-reactivity, a factor of importance in arresting the arteriosclerotic progression. In addition the hypercoagulability existing in such patients is reduced and the fibrinolytic system stimulated by treatment with the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Influence of pentoxifylline on erythrocyte deformability in peripheral occlusive arterial disease.

Impaired red cell deformability has been found in patients suffering from chronic peripheral vascular disorders, the implication being that microcirculatory blood flow is hindered and tissue hypoxaemia is aggravated. Measurement of erythrocyte deformability by a standard filtration technique for whole blood was carried out in 40 young healthy persons, in 25 untreated patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease and in 25 patients with matching vascular disease, before and after a 6-weeks' oral treatment with 400 mg pentoxifylline 4-times daily. The filtration rates were significantly lower in the patient groups compared to those of healthy volunteers. After the oral administration of pentoxifylline, a significant increase in filtration rates was observed pointing to an improvement in erythrocyte deformability. The findings suggest that by improving erythrocyte deformability pentoxifylline positively influences the microcirculatory blood fluidity, an important factor for efficient therapy in peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abnormal expression of gastric mucin in human and rat aberrant crypt foci during colon carcinogenesis.

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of death in Europe and the USA, and much effort is therefore devoted to improve its early detection. In this article, we report the abnormal expression of gastric mucin in aberrant crypt foci (ACF) that appear in the colon mucosae removed from colorectal cancer patients and rats treated with methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG). We performed the immunoperoxidase test using monoclonal antibodies raised against gastric M1 mucin encoded by the MUC5AC gene and against rat gastric mucins (MAb 660), respectively. In both human and rat colon, these anti-gastric mucin MAbs stained specifically goblet cells within ACF. In humans, the M1/MUC5AC mucin was expressed in the upper part of the glands in hyperplastic ACF and in the typical ACF. In addition, the anti-gastric mucin MAbs stained some rare, scattered, histologically normal glands in the human and rat colon mucosae. These glands may be regarded as precursors of ACF. The abnormal expression of the MUC5AC gene constitutes a novel change in addition to genetic modifications already observed in ACF, and supports our previous findings demonstrating the potential of this gastric mucin as an early marker of human and rat colon carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary hyperparathyroidism and pregnancy. Aspects of neonatal morbidity].

Primary hyperparathyroidism has to be accused to cause serious morbidity during pregnancy not only on the maternal, but also on the fetal side: the fetus is threatened by prematurity, dystrophy and an increased risk of stillbirth. Postpartually hypocalcaemia and tetany may be observed as the result of neonatal hypoparathyroidism caused by maternal and thus also fetal hypercalcaemia. We report the case of a 32-year-old pregnant woman suffering from a severe form of primary hyperparathyroidism caused by an adenoma of the parathyroidea. The tumor was removed in the 34. week of pregnancy. Six weeks later the patient delivered a healthy boy (birth weight 3450 g). A survey is given of the therapeutical procedures that should be arranged individually by interdisciplinary consulting depending on the degree of maternal disease and on the gestational age.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary hyperparathyroidism in the third trimester of pregnancy].

A case of primary hyperparathyroidism in late pregnancy is described. After an initial conservative treatment surgery was performed in the 35th week of gestation. The further course of the pregnancy was uneventful, the newborn showed a normal development.

Adenoma↗