Biomedical subjects

N Masaki

Publications and source records attributed to N Masaki.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Radiation therapy for early glottic carcinoma (T1N0M0). The final results of prospective randomized study concerning radiation field.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of radiation field on the local control of early glottic carcinoma by prospective randomized study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From May 1982 through February 1992, a total of 273 patients with early glottic carcinoma (T1N0M0) was treated at our department with a wedge filter technique using a shell to improve the dose distribution and immobilization during radiotherapy with 4 MV X-ray. Patients were randomly allocated to either treatment group A (radiation field size: 5 x 5 cm) or B (6 x 6 cm) using bilateral parallel opposed portals. Total radiation dose administered was 60 Gy in 30 fractions over a 6-week period. RESULTS: The 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 88% in groups A and B (no significant difference). Minor chronic complication such as persistent arytenoid edema lasting more than 6 months or benign polypoid lesion of vocal cord was more frequently observed in group B (23%) than in group A (17%) (p = 0.038) while acute mucosal reaction and skin reaction showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: A small field (5 x 5 cm) with an appropriate angle of wedge filter and shell fixing device is recommended to avoid adverse effect with keeping local control of early glottic carcinoma.

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMed1996

Management for stage II glottic carcinoma: radiation therapy or surgery.

AIM: To analyze the results of stage II glottic carcinoma treated with radiotherapy or surgery. PATIENTS AND METHOD: One hundred thirty-four patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the T2N0M0 glottic carcinoma treated at the Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases from 1979 through 1991 were reviewed. The 5-year disease-free survival and laryngeal preservation rate and prognostic factors were examined. Treatment was radiation therapy with salvage surgery for failure or surgery alone. RESULTS: The 5-year disease-specific survival rate for the radiotherapy group was 100% and for the surgery group, 93% (p = 0.055). In the surgery group 5-year disease-specific survival rate for the subgroup of cord mobility was 94% and that of impaired cord mobility, 89% (p = 0.5354). Concerning laryngeal preservation the radiotherapy group showed better preservation rate than the surgery group in the subgroup of cord mobility, i.e., 41/51 (80%) versus 6/55 (11%) (p < 0.001) although significant difference was not observed in the lesion with impaired cord mobility, 2/5 versus 4/22 (p = 0.171). CONCLUSION: We recommend radiation therapy for stage II glottic carcinoma with normal cord mobility, although further study is needed to improve the preservation rate of the larynx with keeping the disease-specific survival for the lesion with impaired cord mobility.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Use of prostaglandin I2 analog in treatment of massive hepatic necrosis associated with endothelial cell injury and diffuse sinusoidal fibrin deposition.

Endothelial cell damage causes massive hepatic necrosis as a result of fibrin deposition in the hepatic sinusoids. When a stable analog of prostaglandin I2, beraprost sodium, was administered to rats given either dimethylnitrosamine, carbon tetrachloride, or endotoxin following Corynebacterium parvum administration, the hepatic necrosis produced in each was attenuated, but to a greater extent in the dimethylnitrosamine and endotoxin/Corynebacterium parvum models, where fibrin deposition in the hepatic sinusoids occurs, as compared to the carbon tetrachloride model, where such fibrin deposition does not occur. Beraprost sodium reduced the expected increase of portal venous pressure in the endotoxin/Corynebacterium parvum model without affecting plasma thrombin-antithrombin III complex levels. Beraprost sodium also significantly reduced cell killing of both isolated rat hepatocytes and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide when compared to controls. Beraprost sodium could prove to be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of hepatic necrosis, particularly in cases associated with fibrin deposition in the hepatic sinusoids because of its fibrin clot-clearing action.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Prophylactic irradiation of para-aortic lymph nodes in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A prospective randomized study.

PURPOSE: For assessment of the advantages and side effects of para-aortic lymph nodes irradiation under the evaluation by computer tomography, a prospective randomized study was started in 1986. The results for survival, local control and late complications are presented in the following. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From November 1986 to October 1990, 93 patients with cervical carcinoma were randomly allocated for treatment with either pelvic irradiation (pelvic group) or pelvic plus para-aortic lymph nodes irradiation (para-aortic group). Thirty-six patients underwent external irradiation and intracavitary therapy (RT arm) and 57 patients, extended radical hysterectomy and external irradiation (OP-RT arm). Para-aortic lymph nodes irradiation delivered 45 Gy in 1.8 Gy per day for 5 days per week through anterior-posterior fields. RESULTS: The 3-year cause specific survival rates were para-aortic group: 57% and pelvic group: 89% in RT arm group, and para-aortic group: 70% and pelvic group: 86% in OP-RT arm group. Differences for the 2 groups in each treatment arm were not significant. In pelvic failure, para-aortic lymph nodes metastases and distant metastases showed no statistically significant differences for the 2 groups in each treatment arm. In the para-aortic group, complications were more frequent than in the pelvic group (13/45 vs. 2/48, p < 0.025). As an enteric complication ileus was found in 7% (3/45) of the para-aortic group while 2% (1/48) in the pelvic group. Compression fractures of the lumber vertebral body were apparent in 9% (4/45) and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Routine para-aortic lymph nodes irradiation delivered through anterior-posterior fields for high risk patients with cervical carcinoma is of limited value occurring to the high incidence of late complications and this treatment fails to improve no survival rates.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

Application of 198Au grains for carcinoma of oral cavity.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of the treatment using gold grain implants over the past 9 years and to evaluate the usefulness of this treatment method. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1985 through April 1993, a total of 45 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and the oropharynx were treated with 198Au grain (gold grain) at the Department of Radiology, Osaka University Medical School. The initial activity of the grains supplied weekly by the Japan Radioisotope Association was usually 5 mCi (185 MBq), and single implants were usual. In case of combined external irradiation, telecobalt gamma-rays or 4 MV X-rays were used for treatment before implant. RESULTS: The local control rate for patients with T1 stages was 80% (20/25) and with T2 stages, 59% (10/17). The local control rate was 71% (10/14) for gold grain alone and 72% (13/18) for external irradiation combined with gold grain implants (combined therapy). In combined therapy, the median of the interval between external irradiation and gold grain implants was 21 days. The treatment interval for patients with recurrent diseases was 22 days, 22, 27, 39 and 46, respectively. The progression rate showed a tendency to increase in the patients with longer interval (more than 21 days), and with partial regression after external irradiation (p = 0.0085). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that the time interval between external irradiation and gold grain implantation is an important factor in combined therapy. Therefore, we emphasize that the time interval should be shorter than 3 weeks.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Autoimmune liver disease complicating Sjögren's syndrome].

Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) has been well known to complicate autoimmune liver diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In addition, it has been recently described that chronic viral hepatitis type C could be accompanied by a sialadenitis resembling SjS. Among 98 patients with SjS at our clinic, 7 AIH, 1 PBC, and at least 11 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were noted. However, occurrence of SjS was not always associated with the severity of chronic liver diseases. Our present study suggested that three mechanisms might contribute to the pathogenesis of HCV-related SjS: 1) direct infection and proliferation of HCV in salivary glands, 2) molecular mimicry between HCV and salivary glands, and 3) formation of immune complex containing HCV. Further investigation would be indispensable to elucidate immunological systems to regulate these phenomena.

Autoimmune Diseases↗

PubMed1994

[Radiation therapy for brain metastases from lung carcinoma: the second prospective randomized trial].

Since September 1980 we have been conducting a prospective randomized trial to determine the best treatment schedule for radiation therapy (XRT) of brain metastasis from lung carcinoma. The first trial (September 1980 to December 1984) used random allocation of two different time-dose radiotherapy schemes: 30 Gy/10 fractions/2 weeks versus 50 Gy/20 fr./4 wks. Treatment results showed no significant difference in neurological improvement or survival between the two arms or in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as the most important prognostic factor. The current study (January 1985 to April 1992) examined two sequential trials stratified according to the level of LDH and included 162 patients with brain metastasis from lung carcinoma. Whole brain doses were 30 Gy/10 fr./2 wks (group A, n = 46) or 50 Gy/20 fr./4 wks. (group B, n = 46) in the normal LDH group and 30 Gy/10 fr./2 wks (group C, n = 35) or 20 Gy/5 fr./1 wk. (group D, n = 35) in the high LDH group, while the treatment field was lessened to 30 Gy in group B if possible. The final results showed that 1) the most important prognostic factor as determined by Cox's multivariate analysis was also LDH in the second trial; 2) the incidence of acute side effects tended to depend upon a single dose, i.e., group A (3 Gy) 35% versus group B (2.5 Gy) 21% (p = 0.165), and group C (3 Gy) 23% versus group D (4 Gy) 46% (p = 0.044); 3) median survival time and 1-year survival rates were 5.4 months and 21% in group A, 4.8 months and 17% in group B; 3.4 months and 6% in group C; and 2.4 months and 4% in group D, respectively, and survival curves showed no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups in each LDH group; 4) improvement in neurological function appeared to increase with total dosage escalation, i.e., 41% in group A versus 45% in group B, and 35% in group C versus 21% in group D (not significant). In conclusion, a short intensive course (30 Gy/10 fr./2 wks) is advantageous for XRT because of the short treatment time and minor acute toxicity in spite of stratification by the level of LDH.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Results of combined external irradiation and chemotherapy of bleomycin or peplomycin for squamous cell carcinomas of the lower gingiva.

PURPOSE: In Japan, the role of radiotherapy for gingival carcinomas has not been considered as a radical treatment, but only a pre and/or postoperative treatment. This study was aimed to discuss a possibility of radiotherapy for a radical treatment. In this study, radiotherapy was given as an initial treatment for squamous cell carcinomas of the lower gingiva in simultaneous combination with chemotherapy of bleomycin or peplomycin (Tokyo, Japan). METHODS AND MATERIALS: When complete regression of the tumor was obtained, subsequent surgery was postponed with or without a booster of radiotherapy of about 30 Gy until a recurrent lesion was confirmed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of 100 patients with T1 or T2 had complete regression, while only 22 (35.5%) of 62 patients with T3 or T4 had complete regression. The 5-year local control rate by T classification, including the results of secondary treatments (surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) for recurrent lesions, was 91% for T1, 89% for T2, 76% for T3 and 61% for T4. The 5-year local control rate according to treatment methods was 95% in the group without surgery and 86% in the group with surgery for T1 and T2 patients. The rates were 54% and 71%, respectively for T3 and T4 patients. The cause specific 5-year survival rate by stage was 75% for Stage I, 87% for Stage II, 71% for Stage III, 51% for Stage IV and 70% overall. CONCLUSION: The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy could be a conservative radical treatment for T1 and T2 patients with lower gingival carcinoma.

Bleomycin↗

PubMed1994

Marked clinical improvement in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by surgical removal of extended tumor mass in right atrium and pulmonary arteries.

Two patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma presented severe exertional dyspnea because of extension of a tumor into the right side of the heart. Removable of the tumor thrombus by open-heart surgery ameliorated the symptoms in each case, but their subsequent courses differed considerably. One patient survived for as long as 8 months thanks to successive multi-disciplinary treatments, whereas the other patient died suddenly 1 month after the surgery. The first patient's hepatocellular carcinoma was more differentiated, and the dyspnea was caused by a low cardiac output due to the intracardiac tumor mass, not by pulmonary embolism as in the second patient's case. We conclude that successive multidisciplinary treatments to control the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma is the most important approach and is indispensable for improving the prognosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Regulating factors of liver regeneration after hepatectomy.

The factors regulating liver regeneration were studied by measuring changes in the liver volume and serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels after hepatectomy. Changes in the liver volumes were studied in 68 hepatectomized patients, including (A) hepatoma patients who had chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis (n = 44) and (B) metastatic liver cancer patients who had normal liver parenchyma (n = 24). The hepatic volume increased by 13.8% of the remnant hepatic volume in group A and by 49.1% in group B. The examined factors included the percentage of resected liver volume (%RLV) and the results of laboratory tests. Regression analysis showed that in group A, both %RLV (beta = 0.46) and the serum total bilirubin (T-Bil) level (beta = -0.33) correlated significantly with the extent of liver regeneration and that in group B, only %RLV (beta = 0.78) correlated significantly with the regeneration. Serum HGF levels after hepatectomy were studied in 21 hepatectomized patients, including 11 hepatoma patients and 10 patients with some types of metastatic liver cancer. Serum HGF levels increased significantly after surgery in all 21 patients. Regression analysis, however, showed that the change in HGF was related to liver cirrhosis (beta = 0.46) and to the maximal postoperative T-Bil level (beta = 0.51) but not to the extent of liver regeneration after hepatectomy. These results suggest that liver regeneration is regulated primarily by factors relating to the percentage of the resected liver parenchyma and that serum HGF levels do not directly relate to liver regeneration after surgery.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Oxidative stress in hepatocytes and stimulatory state of Kupffer cells after reperfusion differ between warm and cold ischemia in rats.

Rat liver was kept at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C in MEM, and reperfused through a closed circulation from the hepatic vein to the portal vein at 37 degrees C with the same solution. Although purine nucleoside phosphorylase and ALT activities were increased in the perfusate, depending on the duration of ischemia at both 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, the ratio of the latter to the former was significantly higher after 37 degrees C-ischemia than after 4 degrees C-ischemia. The stimulation stage of Kupffer cells evaluated in situ by formazan deposition after liver perfusion with nitro blue tetrazolium and phorbol myristate acetate was elevated after 4 degrees C-ischemia longer than 1 h, but not after 37 degrees C-ischemia. In contrast, the degree of oxidative stress in hepatocytes assessed by formazan deposition after liver perfusion with nitro blue tetrazolium alone was greater after 37 degrees C-ischemia than after 4 degrees C-ischemia. These results suggest that oxidative stress in hepatocytes and the stimulatory state of Kupffer cells after ischemia-reperfusion may differ between 4 degrees C-ischemia and 37 degrees C-ischemia, probably leading to different development of liver damage.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed1994

A prospective randomized study concerning the point A dose in high-dose rate intracavitary therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The final results.

PURPOSE: High-dose rate (HDR) remote afterloading intracavitary therapy has been recognized as an effective and safe treatment modality for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Since 1983, a prospective randomized study was started in order to investigate the more advantageous treatment schedule with keeping the local control rate. This paper reports the final results in terms of survival, local control and complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1983 and February 1989, a total of 165 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix was entered in a prospective randomized study concerning the point A dose of HDR therapy (6 Gy/fraction vs 7.5 Gy/fraction) and external irradiation dose at Department of Radiation Therapy, The Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka. UICC [20] stage distribution of patients was as follows: stage IA = 4, stage IB = 33, stage IIA = 18, stage IIB = 38, stage III = 57, stage IV = 15. RESULTS: Overall 5-year cause specific survivals were as follows: stage IA = 100%, stage IB = 96%, stage IIA = 92%, stage IIB = 79%, stage III = 57%, stage IV = 27%. In each stage, 5-year survival rates in groups A and B were 100%, 93% in stage I, 82% and 85% in stage II, 62% and 52% in stage II and 22% and 31% in stage IV, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences among these survival curves in each stage. Five-year local failure rates were 16% in group A and 16% in group B (p = 0.9096), and corresponding distant failure rates were 23% in group A and 19% in group B (p = 0.2955). Moderate-to-severe complications requiring treatment (Kottmeier's grade 2 or more) were noted in 6 patients (7%) in group A and 6 patients (7%) in group B. All of the bladder and rectal complications needed medical treatment (Kottmeier's grade 2). Severe complications receiving surgery were noted in 4 patients (A: 1; B: 3), i.e., small intestine 3 and sigmoid colon 1 patient. Another 1 patient (A) was dead of ileus. CONCLUSIONS: There were no statistically significant differences between 2 treatment schedules in survival rates, failure patterns and complications rates. This fact suggests that small number of fractions (7.5 Gy/fraction) may be advantageous because of short duration and a low load of treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Radiation therapy for brain metastases from lung carcinoma. Prospective randomized trial according to the level of lactate dehydrogenase.

PURPOSE: Since September 1980 we have been conducting a prospective randomized trial to determine the best treatment schedule for radiation therapy (XRT) on brain metastasis from lung carcinoma. The first trial (September 1980 to December 1984) was randomly allocated by two different time-dose radiotherapy schemes, i.e., 30 Gy/ten fractions/two weeks versus 50 Gy/20 fractions/four weeks. Treatment results showed no significant difference in neurological improvement and survival between the two arms and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as the most important prognostic factor. The present study (January 1985 to April 1992) examines two sequential trials stratified by the level of LDH enrolled 162 patients with brain metastasis from lung carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Whole brain dose was selected for 30 Gy/ten fractions/two weeks (group A, n = 46) or 50 Gy/20 fractions/four weeks (group B, n = 46) in the group with normal LDH and 30 Gy/ten fractions/two weeks (group C, n = 35) or 20 Gy/five fractions/one week (group D, n = 35) in the group with high LDH, while the treatment fields were shrunk at 30 Gy in group B if possible. RESULTS: The final results showed the facts that 1. the most important prognostic factor, according to Cox's multivariate analysis, was also the level of LDH in the second trial, 2. the incidence of acute side effects showed the trend toward depending upon a single dose, i.e., group A (3 Gy/fraction); 35% versus group B (2.5 Gy/fraction); 21% (p = 0.165) and group C (3 Gy/fraction); 23% versus group D (4 Gy/fraction); 45% (p = 0.044), 3. median survival time and one-year survival rates were 5.4 months and 21% in group A; 4.8 months and 17% in group B; 3.4 months and 6% in group C; and 2.4 months and 4% in group D, respectively, and survival curves showed no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups in each LDH group, 4. improvement in neurologic function appeared to increase with total dosage escalation, i.e., 41% in group A versus 45% in group B and 35% in group C versus 21% in group D (p = 0.13). CONCLUSION: A short course (30 Gy/ten fractions/two weeks) is an advantageous XRT because of the short treatment time for normal LDH and neurological improvement and minor toxicity for the high LDH group, while an optional treatment may be necessary for the selected patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1994

Long term follow-up results of high-dose rate remote afterloading intracavitary radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

PURPOSE: High-dose rate remote afterloading intracavitary radiation therapy (HDR) has been used as more safety system by the dose calculation using computer system before treatment and dose monitoring system using semiconductor dosimeter (ICD-5). This study shows our long-term follow-up results concerning survival, prognostic factor and late complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between August 1978 and December 1982, a total of 200 patients with carcinoma of the intact uterine cervix were treated using HDR. According to the staging system of UICC (1987), 8 patients were classified into Stage Ia, 22 Ib, 22 IIa, 53 IIb, 85 III, and 10 IV. RESULTS: Cause specific five- and ten-year survival rates by Stage were 100%, 100% in Stage Ia, 90%, 90% in Stage Ib, 76%, 76% in Stage IIa, 86%, 84% in Stage IIb, 54%, 46% in Stage III and 20%, 20% in Stage IV, respectively. Significant prognostic factors by Cox's multivariate analysis were stage (p = 0.0001), the value of hemoglobin (p = 0.0005) and older age (p = 0.0114). Concerning stage classification the value of hemoglobin was the most important prognostic factor in Stage II (p = 0.032) and Stage III (p = 0.0015). Late complications requiring medical treatment after RALS developed in 24 patients (12%), i.e., rectum 14 (7), bladder 8 (4), small intestine 5 (3), sigmoid colon 1 (1). Severe complications requiring surgery were noted in 9 patients (5%). CONCLUSION: HDR yields good results of survival with a low risk of severe side effects for the treatment of carcinoma of uterine cervix based on our long-term follow-up results.

Brachytherapy↗

PubMed1993

[Radiation therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: treatment results and prognostic factors].

Between September 1977 and December 1989, 89 consecutive patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with radiation therapy. The study included 66 men and 23 women whose ages ranged from 17 to 80 years (mean, 55 years). Five-year survival rates according to stage were as follows: Stage I + II (n = 10), 90%; Stage III (n = 10), 43%; Stage IV (n = 65), 47%. Important factors for predicting poor prognosis in this series, as were shown by the stepwise proportional hazard (Cox) model, were the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neck node involvement (Ho's classification). LDH level also influenced nodal failure (p = 0.0002) and distant metastasis (p = 0.006).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Radiation therapy of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Treatment results and prognostic factors.

Between September 1977 and December 1989, 89 consecutive patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with radiation therapy. The study comprised of 66 males and 23 females; their ages ranged from 17 to 80 years (mean 55 years). Five-year survival rates according to stage were as follows: stages I and II (n = 10), 90%; stage III (n = 10), 43%; stage IV (n = 69), 47%. The important prognostic factors for predicting poor prognostic in this series, which were shown by stepwise proportional hazard (Cox) model, were the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neck node involvement. LDH level also influenced nodal failure (p = 0.0002) and distant metastasis (p = 0.006).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Radiation therapy for early glottic carcinoma: indication for the wedge filter.

From 1977 to the end of 1987, 244 patients with early glottic carcinoma (T1N0M0) were treated with radiation therapy. For 95 patients (group A), a styrofoam head holder and band were used to ensure immobilization during treatment without a wedge filter and for 149 patients (group B) a shell fixing devise and wedge filter were used. Total radiation dose administered was 50 to 70 Gy over a period of five to seven weeks with fields of 5 x 5 cm (group A) and 5 x 5 cm (group B1: n = 74) or 6 x 6 cm (group B2: n = 75). The five-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates for group A and B were 85% and 90%, respectively, and RFS was essentially the same (p = 0.241). In group B, RFS was also basically the same for groups B1 and B2 (p = 0.78). According to tumor size, however, in patients with large T1a lesions (total length of one vocal cord) five-year RFS rates for groups A and B were 62% and 88%, respectively, and RFS was statistically significantly different (p = 0.003). Up to five years, seven patients (9%) of group A and 23 patients (17%) of group B showed minor chronic complication. As a minor chronic complication, arytenoid edema was found more frequently in group B (n = 15) than group A (n = 0). Eleven of these 15 cases were treated with large field (6 x 6 cm). For large T1a lesions of glottic carcinoma, a wedge filter was useful. A small field (5 x 5 cm) with an appropriate angle of wedge filter is recommended to avoid late arytenoid edema and achieve a more homogeneous dose distribution.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Radiation therapy for larynx carcinoma: long-term results of stage I glottic carcinoma.

From November 1977 through March 1982, 95 patients with early glottic carcinoma (T1N0M0) were treated with radiation therapy. Total radiation dose administered was 50 to 70 Gy over five to seven weeks period with fields of 5 x 5 cm2. Actuarial five- and ten-year survival rates were 81% and 76%, and five- and ten-year relapse free survival rates were 85% and 83%, respectively. Radiation failures were surgically salvaged in 93% (14/15) and ultimate locoregional control rate was 97% (92/95). The rate of voice preservation was 86% (82/95). As a minor chronic complication polypoid lesion and impaired mobility of vocal cord was found in 9% (seven cases) and 5% (four cases) of patients without local recurrence. We need long-term follow-up after radiation therapy for the locoregional control and keeping the quality of voice.

Actuarial Analysis↗