Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N Marcussen.
Two adenomatoid tumours of the uterus were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies to keratin, Factor VIII related antigen, EMA, CEA and a specific protein isolated from mesothelioma cells. The tumour cells gave positive staining for keratin and for the specific mesothelial marker. The results strongly support a mesothelial origin for adenomatoid tumours and this panel of antibodies may be used to solve diagnostic problems.
The new stereological methods for correct and efficient sampling and sizing of cells and other particles are reviewed. There is a hierarchy of methods starting from the simplest where even the microscopic magnification may be unknown to the most complex where typically both section thickness and the magnification must be known. Optical sections in suitably modified microscopes can be used to improve the ease and speed with which even the most demanding of these methods are performed. The methods are illustrated by practical examples of applications to a wide range of histological entities including synapses, neurons and cancer cells, glomerular corpuscles and ovarian follicles.
Stereology is a set of simple and efficient methods for quantitation of three-dimensional microscopic structures which is specifically tuned to provide reliable data from sections. Within the last few years, a number of new methods has been developed which are of special interest to pathologists. Methods for estimating the volume, surface area and length of any structure are described in this review. The principles on which stereology is based and the necessary sampling procedures are described and illustrated with examples. The necessary equipment, the measurements, and the calculations are invariably simple and easy.
In 1059 patients who had transurethral resections (TUR) of the prostate 8 cases (0.8%) with nonspecific granulomas were found. In another group of 280 patients treated by TUR for tumours of the urinary bladder 5 cases (1.8%) had granulomatous lesions in the resectates. The granulomas were observed only in patients with prior surgical trauma of the prostate and the bladder with an incidence of 14% and 6.5%, respectively. None of the patients had systemic diseases. Morphologically, two types of granulomas were observed, foreign-body-type and necrotizing. Carbonization rests were frequently noticed in the granulomatous lesions and the configurations and anatomical distribution of the granulomas suggest a common pathogenesis by electrocauterization. Immunohistochemically, histiocytic cells were stained by antibodies against lysozyme. In the prostate, no reaction by antibodies against prostate specific antigen was observed in the granulomas. The findings are compared to previously reported cases of iatrogenic granulomas in the prostate, the urinary bladder and other organs. It is concluded that the granulomas arise as a local reaction to previous surgery, maybe involving hypersensitivity to locally altered collagen.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
During continuous treatment with diuretics, the kidney adapts to the initial Na loss by activating antinatriuretic mechanisms which serve to prevent further Na and volume losses. To study the renal sites of adaptations to constant diuretic treatment, bendroflumethiazide (4 mg daily), furosemide (8 mg daily) or vehicle (0.24 ml daily) was infused intraperitoneally to female Wistar rats by implanted osmotic minipumps. Half of the animals (groups vol.) were randomized to receive a balanced saline solution to drink in addition to water in order to replace Na, K and volume losses. On the 6th day of treatment, clearances of inulin, Na, and Li were determined during four consecutive 6 hr periods. Circadian changes in renal excretions occurred in all groups with highest excretions of Na, Li and water in the dark period (6 p.m. to 6 a.m.). Renal changes induced by continuous infusion of diuretics were most pronounced in the dark period and would probably not have been disclosed if the clearance experiments had been restricted to the daytime. The average 24-hour clearance for inulin (glomerular filtration rate) was not different among groups, except for a 20% decrease in the furosemide group. The 24-hour fractional Na excretion, being approximately 0.5% in the vehicle group, increased to approximately 0.8% in group (bendroflumethiazide+vol) and to approximately 2.8% in group (furosemide+vol) but was not different from the vehicle group in the diuretic groups without volume replacement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rats with lithium-induced nephropathy were subjected to high protein (HP) feeding, uninephrectomy (NX) or a combination of these, in an attempt to induce glomerular hyperfiltration and further progression of renal failure. Newborn female Wistar rats were fed a lithium-containing diet (50 mmol/kg) for 8 weeks and then randomized to normal diet, HP diet (40 vs. 19%), NX or HP+NX for another 8 weeks. Corresponding non-lithium pretreated groups were generated. When comparing all lithium treated versus non-lithium-treated groups, lithium caused a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) without significant changes in effective renal plasma flow (as determined by a marker secreted into the proximal tubules) or lithium clearance. Consequently, lithium pretreatment caused a fall in filtration fraction and an increase in fractional Li excretion. Lithium also caused proteinuria and systolic hypertension in absence of glomerulosclerosis. HP failed to accentuante progression of renal failure and in fact tended to increase GFR and decrease plasma creatinine levels in lithium pretreated rats. NX caused an additive deterioration in GFR which, however, was ameliorated by HP. NX+HP caused a further rise in blood pressure in Li-pretreated rats. The results indicate that Li-induced nephropathy, even when the GFR is only modestly reduced, is associated with proteinuria and arterial systolic hypertension. In this model of chronic renal failure the decline in GFR is not accompanied by a corresponding fall in effective renal plasma flow, which may be the functional expression of the formation of nonfiltrating atubular glomeruli. The fractional reabsorption of tubular fluid by the proximal tubules is reduced, leaving the distal delivery unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)