Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N M Thomson

Publications and source records attributed to N M Thomson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Tissue culture of isolated glomeruli from patients with glomerulonephritis.

To study aspects of glomerular cell response in varying types of glomerulonephritis, we evaluated isolated glomeruli from 101 normal and diseased adult human renal biopsy specimens in tissue culture. Glomerular cell outgrowths from normal glomeruli consisted of large stellate cells (type I) and smaller fusiform cells (type II). A very occasional cell (type III), which had the features of a macrophage, was seen. The cellular outgrowth from isolated glomeruli reflected the numbers and types of cells present in the diseased glomeruli. Reduced numbers of cells were found in the outgrowth of sclerotic, hypocellular glomeruli. Glomeruli from biopsy specimens with altered morphologic appearances but no increase in cellularity (minimal change nephropathy, membranous nephropathy) produced the same growth pattern as from glomeruli isolated from normal kidneys. In mesangial proliferative nephritis, increased numbers of type II cells were detected in the outgrowth. Large numbers of macrophages were found in the glomerular outgrowth of patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis. Macrophages were absent when crescentic glomeruli were sclerosed, indicating the importance of macrophages in the acute hypercellular phase of crescent formation.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1980

Histochemistry of glomerular cells in animal models of crescentic glomerulonephritis.

A histochemical enzyme profile has been used to determine the origin of the cells of glomerular crescents in rabbit and sheep models of rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis. Crescentic glomeruli were examined for beta-glucuronidase, esterase and acid phosphatase, the characteristic phagolysosomal enzymes of the monocyte-macrophage series and its transformed tissue counterpart, the epithelioid cell. More than 50% of the cells of the glomerular crescents of animals with experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis contained large amounts of all the enzymes, whereas the cells of normal glomeruli contained only trace amounts of acid phosphatase and esterase and no glucuronidase. These findings support the hypothesis that the major proportion of the cells of glomerular crescents are monocytes which have accumulated in Bowman's space rather than intrinsic glomerular cells which have proliferated.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Intermittent peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of end-stage renal failure.

Our experience of 54 patients with end-stage renal failure, who were treated with intermittent peritoneal dialysis and compared with patients maintained by haemodialysis over the years 1972 to 1978, has been reviewed. All patients received peritoneal dialysis for more than six weeks. The total experience was 32.8 patient dialysis-years, 48% as home dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis was used as an interim procedure in 19 patients who were waiting for haemodialysis. However, in 35 patients (particularly in the very young and elderly, and in situations of poor social support), recurrent peritoneal dialysis was chosen as the definitive dialysis therapy. Dialysis was assessed as "adequate" in all, but two, patients. The major complication of peritoneal dialysis was peritonitis, although its over-all incidence of 1.31 episodes per patient dialysis-year was low. An attack of peritonitis occurred every nine months of patient exposure, though the incidence of bacterial peritonitis averaged only once every 26 months. Fifty per cent of patients never had an episode of peritonitis. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis was associated with greater morbidity and mortality than haemodialysis, perhaps due, in part, to the older age of the peritoneal dialysis group. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis is a valuable adjunct to haemodialysis and transplantation in the treatment of end-stage renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Modulation of inhibition of the human mitogen response by methylprednisolone.

The in vitro response of human lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin was inhibited in a dose-related fashion by methylprednisolone added to the cell culture. The inhibition by steroid was 100-fold less than expected from published values of human lymphocyte receptor affinity. The dose response curve for inhibition was complex, frequently featuring a plateau region suggestive of a heterogeneous system, possibly caused by the presence of more than one subpopulation of cells. When lymphocytes were separated by unit velocity sedimentation, slow sedimenting lymphocytes were found to be highly steroid sensitive whereas rapidly sedimenting lymphocytes were steroid resistant. However, the addition of cultured macrophages rendered the steroid-sensitive fractions relatively steroid resistant. Similarly, unseparated peripheral blood lymphocytes at low concentrations were found to be highly steroid sensitive despite the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol. This sensitivity was lost by the addition of culture macrophages. Thus, macrophages play a vital role in the relative steroid resistance of human lymphocytes. No evidence was found that macrophages actually reduced steroid concentration in culture, and it is suggested that a cellular interaction is required to increase resistance to steroids.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1979

Living related renal transplantation: experience in 22 cases.

Twenty-two living related renal transplant operations have been performed at Prince Henry's Hospital over the last seven years. Donors have been accepted for nephrectomy only after exhaustive examination of their health and serach for renal disease. The one and three year graft survival rates have been 85% and 64% respectively. Only two recipients have died, and recipient morbidity has been low. Donors have not suffered any serious complication from nephrectomy. It is concluded that living related renal transplantation has many advantages over cadaveric renal transplantation and is a relatively safe procedure for the donor, provided that rigid criteria are used in donor selection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis in a renal transplant recipient.

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a multi-system disorder of high mortality and characterised by angiocentric and angiodestructive lymphoreticular proliferative and granulomatous change. A case is described of this disease occurring in a renal transplant patient. The patient underwent a rapid remission of the disease after a course of combined cytotoxic therapy and remains free of disease three years after treatment. This case is the second described renal transplant patient to develop the disease and the first to be successfully treated. It is likely that the disease originated as a consequence of immunosuppression similar to the development of lymphomas in allograft recipients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The macrophage in the development of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis. Studies using tissue culture and electron microscopy.

The role played by the macrophage in the development of injury in rabbit nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) has been assessed by electron microscopy and glomerular culture of renal tissue obtained by several biopsies during the course of the disease. These observations have been correlated with the other immune, cellular, and biochemical events occurring in the glomerulus, ie, deposition of immunoglobulin and complement, proteinuria, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) exudation, fibrin deposition, crescent formation, and renal failure. A biphasic macrophage accumulation was detected, corresponding to the heterologous and autologous phases of the disease. In the autologous or crescentic phase, macrophages accumulated within the glomerular tuft from Day 5; their appearance coincided with the accumulation of PMN and development of proteinuria. Fibrin deposition in Bowman's space, which commenced on Days 6 and 7, was rapidly followed by the migration of macrophages from the glomeruli into Bowman's space. Within Bowman's space, macrophages were observed to phagocytose fibrin, transform into epithelioid and giant cells, and accumulate to form a substantial proportion of the cells forming the crescent. The inflammatory process of PMN exudation, macrophage accumulation, fibrin deposition, and crescent formation and the degree of renal failure reached a maximum by Days 12 to 14. Thereafter, resolution of the inflammatory process occurred so that by Day 40 macrophages had disappeared from the glomeruli. However, varying degrees of glomerular damage and renal failure persisted, occurring largely as a result of glomerulosclerosis and sclerosis of crescents. The tissue culture studies also demonstrated mesangial cell proliferation during the inflammatory process but did not show any abnormality of epithelial cell activity. This study demonstrates that the macrophages participate in NTN by accumulating in damaged glomeruli then migrating into Bowman's space (probably in response to fibrin deposition) where they undergo granulomatous transformation and accumulate, contributing to crescent formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The effect of defibrination on macrophage participation in rabbit nephrotoxic nephritis: studies using glomerular culture and electronmicroscopy.

Recent studies in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis, using the technique of glomerular culture, have shown that the macrophage is a major cell type present within the glomeruli and developing crescents. It has been suggested that their accumulation is a consequence of glomerular fibrin deposition. The effect of defibrination with ancrod on the cellular events occurring in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis in the rabbit was therefore assessed in this disease using the techniques of culture of isolated glomeruli, electronmicroscopy or renal tissue, and light microscopy. Defibrinated animals developed only minimal renal impairment, virtually no fibrin deposition in Bowman's Space and only a mild degree of crescent formation, in contrast to the severe renal failure, fibrin deposition and crescent formation that occurred in the untreated animals. The culture of isolated glomeruli and electronmicroscopy of intact renal tissue demonstrated large numbers of macrophages within and emerging from glomeruli of both defibrinated and untreated animals. However, only in untreated animals were macrophages seen to migrate into Bowman's Space, phagocytose fibrin, transform into epithelioid cells and accumulate to form crescents. These studies suggest that fibrin deposition in Bowman's Space is the major stimulus to the macrophage migration from capillary loops and accumulation in Bowman's Space. However, fibrin deposition does not appear to be the stimulus to macrophage accumulation within capillary loops as this event was not affected by defibrination.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in the treatment of end-stage renal failure.

Our experience of CAPD in 21 patients over a total period of 118 patients months has been evaluated and compared with intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD). CAPD was associated with greater clearance of urea creatinine and phosphate, higher concentrations of haemoglobin, improved control of hypertension and saline overload, and better patient acceptance than IPD. It is concluded that CAPD is an effective form of dialysis with many advantages over IPD, although the incidence of peritonitis is still twice that IPD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The treatment of paracetamol overdose with charcoal haemoperfusion and cysteamine.

A 53-year-old female was admitted to hospital one hour after taking an overdose of 60 g of paracetamol and 960 mg of codeine. Two hours after ingestion of the drug, the plasma concentration of paracetamol was 3040 mumol/l. In view of the enormous, and potentially fatal, plasma concentration of the drug, charcoal haemoperfusion was undertaken as well as cysteamine therapy. Charcoal haemoperfusion and cysteamine therapy led to the rapid removal of the paracetamol from the body and consequently prevented the development of severe hepatic necrosis. It is suggested that charcoal haemoperfusion as well as cysteamine has a role in the management of severe overdosage with paracetamol. This is the first report on the use of charcoal haemoperfusion for acute poisoning in Australia.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1978

Tissue culture of isolated glomeruli in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis.

As a means of studying mechanisms of response to injury in glomerulonephritis, glomeruli from normal sheep and rabbits and from sheep and rabbits with experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis have been isolated and grown in tissue culture. The cellular outgrowths from the normal and diseased glomeruli have been compared. The outgrowth of glomeruli from normal animals contained only two cell populations whose microscopic and ultrastructural appearances were of epithelial and mesangial cells. The same cells were also observed in the outgrowths of glomeruli from animals with crescenti nephritis but in addition a third population of cells was present in large numbers. These cells were identified as macrophages by their mobility, ultrastructure, phagocytic capacity, and presence of Fc receptors. Glomerular outgrowth from sheep with crescentic glomerulonephritis contained 170 +/- 20 (SEM) macrophages and outgrowths from rabbits with crescentic nephritis contained 64 +/- 6 (SEM) macrophages per glomerulus. We have previously observed large numbers of macrophages in the outgrowth of isolated glomeruli from humans with rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis. The predominance of the macrophage in cultures of glomeruli from both human and animal crescentic glomerulonephritis suggests that this is an important cell in the inflammatory reaction occurring in crescentic glomerulonephritis and may comprise a substantial proportion of the cells forming the crescent.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Normal human glomerular cells in culture.

Reproducible patterns of cell outgrowth have been observed from isolated normal adult, human glomeruli grown in tissue culture. Three morphologically distinct cell populations designated Types I, II, and III have been observed in culture from 15 normal human kidneys. Assessment of the morphology and behaviour of these cells has been made by phase contrast, time-lapse cinemicroscopic, transmission and scanning electron microscopic examination. The phagocytic capacity of these cells has been determined. The Type I cell appears in culture by migration from the capillary loops, its branched cytoplasm and ultrastructural features confirming its origin as a visceral epithelial cell. In keeping with the highly specialised nature of this cell, division was rare, movement was not observed, and differentiation was progressively lost in culture. The Type II cell was mobile and capable of active division. Ultrastructural features were those of mesangial cells. The Type III cell which was seen only rarely, had the features of a macrophage. Endothelial outgrowth was not observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cell characteristics of cultured glomeruli from different animal species.

A modified sieving technique has been developed to isolate pure glomeruli from monkey, sheep, dog, rabbit and rat kidney. Glomeruli from all these species have been grown in tissue culture and the glomerular cell outgrowth studied by light microscopy and time-lapse cinemicroscopy. The pattern of growth was the same for all the species studied. In all species, three cell populations have been identified with the features of epithelial cells, mesangial cells and macrophages, although the latter population is only rarely observed. The morphology and culture characteristics of each cell type in all species were similar, including the relative numbers present and rates of division.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Tissue culture of isolated human glomeruli.

Glomerular cells have been grown in a reproducible manner from 5 normal human kidneys. A technique is described which combined mechanical disruption of renal cortex and microdissection, and provides large numbers of pure glomeruli within 30--45 mintues. Histological examination shows this technique produces intact glomeruli without cell disturbance. During tissue culture, glomeruli attach to the flask and the intrinsic cells migrate onto the flask and divide. Variations of culture conditions have shown that glomeruli are robust without fastidious culture requirements. Intact kidney tissue can be left at 4 degrees C for perios up to 24 hours prior to isolated of individual glomeruli without affecting subsequent cellular growth in culture. They grow in most commonly used media although the cells require 20% foetal calf serum for optimum growth. Their pH optimum is between 7.0 and 7.4 with temperature optimum of 37 degrees C. as glomeruli must attach prior to cell growth, minimum movement is critical to promote optimum growth. Under these optimum conditions a regular and predictable growth of cells of two distinct types, has been observed over 14 days; one of these types is probably epithelial.

Culture Techniques↗