Biomedical subjects
N M Maksimova
Publications and source records attributed to N M Maksimova.
[Vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus of children with allergic diseases and upset schedule of DPT vaccine administration].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[The vaccination of children with allergic diseases with reduced doses of adsorbed DT-m anatoxin].
During a remission and drug therapy, 71 children suffering from allergic diseases were vaccinated with DT-M toxoid containing different dose of diphtheria (1, 2.5, 5 LF) and tetanus (1, 2.5, 5 EC) antigens. It has been shown that all the children responded to tetanus antigen by adequate serological tests, whereas as regards diphtheria toxoid, the patients immunized with the least dose of DT-M preparation (1 LF + + 1 EC antigens) produced specific antibodies later and at a lower level. During the postvaccinal period, they also manifested an increase of the content of IgE and exacerbation of the underlying disease in 17.8% of cases. The use of DT-M toxoid with 2.5 LF + EC antigens was shown to hold promise in vaccination of children suffering from allergic diseases.
[The immunological effectiveness of small doses of diphtheria and tetanus anatoxins in the revaccination of children with allergy-altered reactivity and adults].
The possibility of decreasing the content of antigens in adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus toxoid, used for the booster immunization of children with allergically altered responsiveness and adults, is shown. Diphtheria toxoid in doses of 1-2.5 Lf and tetanus toxoid in doses of 1-2.5 binding units possessed sufficiently high immunological effectiveness in combination with low reactogenicity and good tolerance. In 6-12 months after booster immunization with decreased doses of toxoids 100% of children with allergy of different character and, respectively, 86-94% and 95% of adults have developed protective levels of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus.
[Duration of immunity in children who received a primary complex of inoculations with ADT-M anatoxin and an assessment of postponed secondary revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus (the results of an epidemiologic trial)].
The prolonged observations of the immunological effectiveness of adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus toxoid with reduced antigen content in children who had received the primary course of immunization with this preparation showed that the preparation induced the development of prolonged and intensive immunity to both infections. In 2-3 years after the first booster immunization the protective level of diphtheria antitoxin was registered in 89.9% and that of tetanus antitoxin, in 99% of children. 6 years later the level of immunity remained practically unchanged: the titers of diphtheria antitoxin above the protection level were determined in 92% and those of tetanus antitoxin, in 97% of children. These data made it possible to increase intervals between booster immunizations to 6-7 years in children of this category. The results of the epidemiological trial made to find out the possibility of a change in the timing of the second booster immunization confirmed the expediency of postponing booster immunization from 6 and 11 years to 9 and 16 years of age.
[The epidemic process of diphtheria infection in the RSFSR during the introduction of epidemiological surveillance].
In this work the characterization of the epidemic process of diphtheria infection on the territory of the RSFSR under the conditions of epidemiological surveillance (1983-1986) is presented. In comparison with the period of 1979-1982, an increase in morbidity rate occurred, which accounts for more complete detection of patients with mild forms of diphtheria, including persons found to be carriers of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Beginning from 1983, the leveling out of seasonal morbidity rises is observed. In the total number of persons affected by this infection the prevalence of adults is noted. Among them, a decrease in the morbidity rate was registered in 1986 (the maximum decrease was observed in age and professional groups of risk), which confirms the effectiveness of measures carried out for the protection of the adult population from diphtheria. Among children, a tendency towards a decrease in morbidity rate was noted in all age groups. The existing system of epidemiological surveillance on the territory of the RSFSR is capable of stabilizing diphtheria morbidity on a sporadic level and minimizing the number of fatal outcomes. The intensification of the epidemic process in some areas of the RSFSR is due to shortcomings in the realization of different measures of epidemiological surveillance.
[Immunological effectiveness of secondary revaccination against tetanus performed at prolonged intervals].
After primary immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine antitetanus immunity was retained for 9-10 years in 90.6-98.4% of children covered by this study. The second booster immunization of children against tetanus with adsorbed DT toxoid with reduced antigen content, made at an interval prolonged to 7-10 years under the conditions of lower antitoxic immunity, ensured a high level of intense antitetanus immunity. These data point to the possibility of prolonging the interval between booster immunizations to 9-10 years and reducing the number of injections and antigenic load.
[Immunological effectiveness of a 2d revaccination against diphtheria performed at intervals extended up to 7-10 years].
The present article deals with the data on the duration of antidiphtheria immunity, induced by the primary cycle of immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine, with the aim of considering the problems of optimizing the immunization schedule for children. The prolongation of the interval before the second booster immunization to 7-10 years produces no negative influence on the effectiveness of immunization. Besides, the study has shown that after the main complex of immunizations with adsorbed DPT vaccine protective immunity to diphtheria is retained in 90.3-96.8% of children covered by this study for 9-10 years. These data point to high immunological effectiveness of adsorbed DPT vaccine and to the possibility of prolonging the intervals between booster immunizations to 10 years, as well as decreasing the number of booster immunizations in the immunization schedule for children.
[Specific prevention of diphtheria in adults in foci of this infection].
The studies demonstrated the immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of a single injection of adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus toxoid with reduced antigen content for adults: intense antidiphtheria immunity in 92.3% of the vaccinees 1-3 months and in 94.5% of the vaccinees 1 year after the injection. This immunity remained sufficiently intense for 3 years (the term of observation). The geometric mean of antitoxic titers was 0.84 I. U./ml. The highest intensity of immunity appearing after the injection was observed in persons aged 18-20 years who showed the highest antitoxic titers (exceeding 0.5 I. U./ml) in 100% of cases, the lowest intensity was registered in the age group of 30-39 years; in 14.2% of these vaccinees antitoxic titers were below the protective level. In other age groups (40-49 years, 50 years and over) the intensity of immunity was high. The geometric mean of the titers of diphtheria antitoxin were 1.2 I. U./ml and 2.1 I. U./ml respectively. In none of the foci under study the spread of the manifest forms of the disease was observed.
[Remote results of the treatment and rehabilitation of adolescents and adults with pulmonary tuberculosis].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Experience with the conduct of complex measures to control tuberculosis among rural children].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in some of the administrative territories of the RSFSR].
The article deals with the state of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus among the adult population in some administrative regions of the RSFSR. Of the children and adults covered by the survey, 91.3-96.7% were found to have protective antibody titers against diphtheria and 98.7-100%, against tetanus. An essential drop in the level of immunity to diphtheria in persons over 18 years of age was revealed: 71.7% of them were nonimmune, which correlated with the high morbidity rate among these persons. At the same time the percentage of adults nonimmune to tetanus was considerably lower than that of adults nonimmune to diphtheria, reaching only 27.1%. The state of immunity to tetanus in adults was found to depend on the seasons.
[Pathogenetic drugs in the treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in adolescents and adults].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Hyperergic sensitivity to tuberculin in children and adolescents].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Tuberculosis of the synovial membrane and tendons of the extensor muscles of the hand].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Data from different Moscow polyclinics on the utilization of vaccination against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and measles in children of first 3 years of life].
The coverage of children by immunization against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus during the first 3 years of life as indicated in forms No. 112 and No. 63 in 4 districts of Moscow was studied on the basis of the analysis of 1688 children's development histories. The coverage of children by immunization was found to be on the average 71.7%, fluctuating in individual districts from 58.6% to 85.9%. Immunization against measles covered 41.8% of children with fluctuations 24.2-51.2%. The most frequent reasons for the absence of prophylactic immunization in children during the first 3 years of life, or belated immunization in comparison with the specified terms, were contraindications due to neurological diseases (40.4%), exudative diathesis (15.9%) and recurrent viral infections (16.2%). Medical objections to immunization without sufficient grounds constituted 12.1% of all contraindications; among such objections those given by neuropathologists (9.8%) and pediatricians (2.3%) prevailed. To increase the coverage of children by immunization in the specified terms, the use of such measures as improving work with parents (explaining to them the importance of timely prophylactic immunization) and strict observance of instructions on medical contraindications may be considered most effective.
[Further improvements in schedules for immunizing children against diphtheria and tetanus].
The study of the rational schedule of revaccinations made at different ages for the prevention of diphtheria and tetanus was carried out on 800 children belonging to the age groups of 6-9 years and 11-14 years. The content of diphtheria antitoxin was determined by Jensen's method, and the content of tetanus antitoxin in the passive hemagglutination test. In the first age group immunity to the above-mentioned infections was determined after the primary immunization, and in the second age group after the first revaccination made at an age indicated in the schedule. The high level of immunity to both diphtheria and tetanus was shown to preserve for 6-7 years. For this reason intervals between revaccinations scheduled for children achieving a definite age in accordance with the existing scheme of immunization against diphtheria and tetanus may be increased. the most rational time for such revaccinations is the age of 9 (instead of 6) years and 16 (instead of 11) years.
[Tuberculosis in children and adolescents under conditions of eastern Siberia].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.