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Biomedical subjects

N Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to N Kodama.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Sleep in vegetative state patients and recuperated cases from vegetative states (author's transl)].

Twenty-four hours polygraphic recording of EEG, electrooculogram and EMG were performed on 8 vegetative state patients and 4 recuperated cases, and the differences of the sleep pattern between two groups were discussed. It was difficult to divide the sleep pattern into normal four stages, because the frequency of EEG in vegetative state patients were very slow. So we divided it into the following 4 patterns; awake, shallow sleep, deep sleep and REM sleep. The sleep in vegetative state patients was interrupted by short duration and appeared at random during day and night. The amount of sleep in vegetative state patients increased proportion to severity of vegetative state. Rate of shallow sleep of them was high. REM sleep was seen in all the cases, but its cycle and lasting time were different in each case. The rate of shallow sleep prior to REM sleep was lower than normal pattern and the change of sleep state was atypical. Few hump and spindle wave appeared. For the reasons mentioned above, the sleep pattern in vegetative state patients was far from physiological sleep. On the other hand, the sleep in recuperated patients was more similar to the normal pattern than that of vegetative cases, but the rate of shallow sleep was as high as the vegetative cases. REM sleep was irregular and the change of sleep was also atypical. Therefore, the sleep pattern in recuperated patients was also far from physiological sleep, though it was better than that of vegetative cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A new therapeutic method for acute brain infarction: revascularization following the administration of mannitol and perfluorochemicals--a preliminary report.

Ten patients were treated with systemic administration of mannitol followed by blood substitute (perfluorochemicals) in the acute period of cerebral infarction in order to suppress the development of infarction and progressive deterioration. This chemotherapy was followed by reconstructive vascular surgery. There were 8 patients with cerebral infarction and 2 others in whom cerebral vascular occlusion occurred during an operation. Due to this treatment, there was no case in which the patient's condition was aggravated or in which death occurred. At examination two months later, 8 of the 10 patients had returned to productive lives. We consequently believe that this therapeutic method may prove to be an effective means of treating cerebral infarction in the acute stage. It is also thought that this method is applicable in surgical cases in which long-term vascular occlusion is required.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Sibling case of osteosclerosis with cranial nerve symptoms].

We experienced two cases of "Osteosclerosis" who were 12 and 15 year old sisters. Previous reported cases of this disease are 50 cases and among them only one patient was reported in Japan. Osteosclerosis seems to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Parental consanguinity is also observed. The peculiar facies are evident in infancy, characterized by broad, flat nasal bridge, ocular hypertelorism and prognathic, broadened mandible. Commonly, they have cutaneous syndactylies in bilateral hands and feet, especially between the second and third finger and toe. Roentgenographically, hyperostosis with osteosclerosis can be observed in systemic bones, particularly the calvarium is greatly thickened. Since such a bony change occurs most severely at the base of the skull, important clinical symptoms of this disease are cranial nerve palsies resulting from obliterations of unilateral or bilateral several cranial nerve foramina. In many cases deafness due to progressive encroachment upon the middle ear cavities and auditory nerve canals appears early in infancy. Transient palsy of the facial nerve occurs somewhat later, and bilateral facial paralyses are usually permanent in adulthood. In some cases optic atrophy and visual field defect due to compression of the optic nerves are late complications. Other ocular symptoms are strabismus, nystagmus and exophthalmos. Anosmia and trigeminal nerve palsy are less common. Lower cranial nerve symptoms can not be noted but the reason is unclear. Chronic headache, convulsion and mental retardation are occasionally present. They are considered as a result from increased intracranial pressure due to progressive diminution of the cranial capacity. By same mechanism, several patients have died suddenly from impaction of the medulla oblongata in the foramen magnum in early adulthood. Then, some reporter puts emphasis on prophylactic opening of the foramen magnum in all adult cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Development of a new therapeutic method of brain infarction in the acute period: revascularization under the administration of mannitol and perfluorochemicals].

Ten cases were treated with systematic administration of mannitol followed by the blood substitute, perfluorochemicals, in the acute period of cerebral infarction in order to suppress the development of infarction and progressive deterioration. This chemotherapy was followed by reconstructive vascular surgery. There were 8 cases of cerebral infarction and 2 other cases in which cerebral vascular occlusion occurred during surgery. Due to this treatment, there were no cases of aggravated condition or death and at the time of follow-up examination after 2 months, and 8 of the ten patients returned to productive lives. We consequently believe that this therapeutic method may prove to be the effective means for treating cerebral infarction in the acute period. It is also thought that this method is applicable in surgical cases where long-term vascular occlusion is required.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Long term survival of holoprosencephaly with shunting procedure (author's transl)].

A long survived case of holoprosencephaly with hydrocephalus has been infrequently reported in the literature. One such case were presented on this report. This male baby by cesarean section because of his large head circumferenced 45 cm. He was admitted to our clinic diagnosed as congenital hydrocephalus at the third day from birth. On admission the circumference of his head was measured 49 cm, but other external malformations were not noticed. Right transaxillary carotid angiogram showed anterior cerebral artery appeared like azygos anterior cerebral artery. Absence of falx and fornix were suspected pneumoventriculography and transillumination of the head. Finally he was diagnosed as holoprosencephaly accompanied with hydrocephalus by computed tomography. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was performed at the 22nd day of his life. On follow-up after discharge, mental and motor development was not so poor. He was able to speak a few of simple words one year after discharge. At present 4 years and 6 months after discharge, he can do simple conversation and walk with assistance. Repeated computed tomography shows the frontal cerebral mantle is thickening in 36 mm at present. Good resulted case of holoprosencephaly as presented here could not be found in the literature. The pathogenesis and treatment were also discussed here.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1982

[A case of radiation necrosis with vascular changes on main cerebral arteries (author's transl)].

A 64-year-old woman had received radiotherapy, following surgery of a chromophobe pituitary adenoma. Six years after irradiation she began to complain of headache and dementia. Right vertebrogram demonstrated a right temporal mass lesion, stenosis and dilatation of middle cerebral artery and posterior, communicating artery in the field of irradiation. CT scan showed the irregular low density area at the right temporal region, and the irregular enhancement after an intravenous injection of contrast medium was seen at the small part of affected area. From these findings, radiation necrosis at the right temporal lobe was diagnosed. As vascular changes of the main cerebral arteries due to radiation are rare, we discussed on them from ever reported literature.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

[A case of acoustic neurinoma simulating subarachnoid hemorrhage (author's transl)].

A 49-year-old male, who had been suffering from left hearing disturbance before 5 years, suddenly developed severe headache, nausea and vomiting on January 3, 1979. Both plain and enhanced CT performed on the day of admission showed a nearly round high density area at the left cerebello-pontine angle. The left trans-axillary VAG showed no aneurysm or AVM. From the above-mentioned course and findings, hemorrhage from a tumor of the left c-p angle was suspected, but considering the size of the high density area, radical operation was considered to be contraindicated and v-p shunt operation was performed. However, plain CT performed on January 19th, showed only a small, ill-defined high density area at the c-p angle. The tumor was quite large, but considered to be operable, so that excision was performed on January 22nd. The tumor, 5 X 5 X 4 cm in size, was totally extirpated together with the clot. Histologically the tumor was acoustic neurinoma with hemorrhage and necrosis. Postoperative course was favorable. We discussed the massive hemorrhage from primary intracranial tumors, especially acoustic neurinoma. Radical operation on the tumor should be performed as early as possible, provided that the patient's condition permits.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1980

[A ruptured aneurysm associated with pituitary tumor (author's transl)].

The aneurysm case associated with brain tumor is not so rare. Most of aneurysms are non-ruptured and found incidentally during the examination for brain tumor. We have experienced with 4 aneurysm cases associated with brain tumor among 1,280 aneurysm cases during these 17 years. One out of 4 cases was of ruptured aneurysm associated with pituitary tumor. This rare case and review of the literature were described.

Adenoma↗