Adjuvant activity of Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide: no contribution of proteins to the expression of adjuvant activity.
Previously we found that Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) isolated from culture supernatant of strain Kasuya (O3: K1) or its decapsulated mutant strain LEN-1 (O3: K1-) exhibited very strong adjuvant activity in augmenting antibody response and delayed-type hypersensitivity to protein antigens in mice. The preparation of KO3 LPS after deproteinization by four cycles of treatment with chloroform-butanol (5: 1) usually contained a small percentage of proteins and a definite amount of another antigen which was destroyed by heating at 100 C for 1 hr. This antigen proved to be derived from type 1 fimbriae which are responsible for mannose-sensitive hemagglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes. The preparation of KO3 LPS isolated from culture supernatant of the strains which did not produce type 1 fimbriae exhibited strong adjuvant activity similar to that of the preparation from those which produced them. The preparation of KO3 LPS treated with hot phenol water which is known to remove lipid A-associated proteins exhibited a similar strong adjuvant activity. The preparation of KO3 LPS after extensive deproteinizing, two cycles of pronase treatment followed by ten cycles of treatment with chloroform-butanol, no longer contained detectable amounts of proteins and the fimbrial antigen, but this preparation also exhibited similar strong adjuvant activity. Moreover, there was no difference in strength of the adjuvant activity between the preparation of KO3 LPS isolated from culture supernatant and that isolated by the phenol method from bacterial cells. The present study demonstrates that the strong adjuvant activity of the preparation of KO3 LPS does not depend in any way on proteins contaminating the preparation.