[Outbreak of diarrhea due to SRSV infection].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
N Kayashima
Publications and source records attributed to N Kayashima.
[Vitamin K].
In this paper, highly sensitive methods for measuring of vitamin K in serum, feces and milk are described. Vitamin K1 and the menaquinone family from the serum, feces and milk were separated by high performance liquid chromatography. The separated K1 and menaquinone families were detected by a fluorescence spectrophotometer after their reduction with sodium borohydride or platinum catalyst column. In these methods, minimum detectable quantities of K1, menaquinone-4 and menaquinone-7 were 10, 10 and 50 pg, respectively. More than 95% of supplemented vitamin K1, menaquinone-4 and menaquinone-7 were recovered in the serum and feces. Furthermore, the method of Hirauchi et al. for measurement of vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide in human plasma is introduced.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Site of emetic action of oral copper sulfate in dogs. (I) Thresholds of various portions of gastrointestinal tract to locally applied copper sulfate.
Emetic thresholds to copper sulfate administered into the Pavlov pouch, Forrest pouch, Thiry fistulas of the jejunum and ileum, and duodenal, jejunal and ileal catheters were measured in dogs to conjecture the site of emetic action of copper sulfate. The oral emetic threshold had been measured preoperatively. In the stomach, the pyloric antrum had a high sensitivity, while the corpus had a low sensitivity to the topically applied copper sulfate. In the intestine, the sensitivity was high in the duodenum, whereas a low sensitivity was noted in the jejunum. Almost no sensitivity was observed in the ileum. Thus it would appear that the site of the emetic action of copper sulfate was the pyloric antrum and/or duodenum.
Administration, Oral↗
Site of emetic action of oral copper sulfate in dogs. (II) Importance of lower duodenum.
Sensitivities of the stomach and duodenum to oral copper sulfate emesis were compared in dogs. 1) Dogs equipped with a stainless stell cannula in the middle of the duodenum were challenged to the oral threshold emetic dose of copper sulfate administered by a gastric tube. When the cannulas were opened, the oral thresholds were not effective to elicit vomiting in the most cases (1/13). Fairly rapid and high rate recoveries of copper through the open cannula were noted. With the closed cannulas, the thresholds were highly effective (16/16). 2)In the dogs with a cannula at the upper part of the jejunum, the oral threshold doses were always effective whether the canula was opened (9/9) or closed (11/11). Recovery rates of copper from the cannula were usually poor. 3) The oral thresholds administered into the proximal end or the middle of the duodenum through a PVC tubing were equally effective. 4) Although copper sulfate might irritate the stomach and upper duodenum to evoke vomiting, these results suggested a higher sensitivity of the lower duodenum.
Administration, Oral↗
[Reproducibility of emesis by orally administrated copper sulfate in cats].
Adult cats were administered oral threshold doses of copper sulfate every week. As the cats vomited in 70 out out 80 cases, the reproducibility was 88%. Peripheral vomiting threshold dose was 40 mg/head or less, while the threshold dose for oral copper sulfate emesis after T4 transection and vagotomy was more than 160 mg/head. The following method is thus proposed for application in evaluating an antimetic for oral copper sulfate. Adult cats are to be given the emetic once a week. The threshold dose should be determined in three dose levels; 10, 20, 40 mg/head. The cats with a threshold of more than 40 mg or latency of less than 5 min or of more than 45 min are to be excluded. Inhibition of emesis or a considerable prolongation of latency is the sign of an antimetic action. A positive action of an antiemetic must be followed by another test with the threshold dose of copper sulfate alone. If the cat does not respond to the threshold dose after 2 administrations, the case must be excluded. It is considered positive when 3 cases are inhibited among 4 or more than 50% among more than 5.
Animals↗
[Effectiveness of several antiemetics in vomiting induced by orally administrated copper sulfate in cats and dogs].
Long marketed antiemetics, which are still used in medicine or veterinary medicine and whose sites of actions were either assumed to be peripheral or unknown, were subjected to evaluation as antiemetics, against oral copper sulfate emesis. In cats, ethyl aminobenzoate 0.5 g/head, cerium oxalate 0.1 g/head, pinelliae tuber 0.5 g/head and gelatin 2.0 g/head were not effective. In dogs, ethyl aminobenzoate 0.5 g/head, pinelliae tuber 2.0 g/head and hange-syasintoo 2.0 g/head were not effective. Cerium oxalate 0.1 g/head was found to have a slight antiemetic action.
Aminobenzoates↗
[Reproducibility of copper sulfate emesis by oral administration in dogs].
Twelve dogs were administered oral threshold doses of copper sulfate every week. In 66 out of 85 cases, dogs vomited. One dog vomited in 1st and 2nd tests, but did not respond in the other 6 tests. Excluding this one, the reproducibility was 82%. The following method is thus proposed for application in evaluating an antiemetic for oral copper sulfate. Small dogs, weighing 7-14 kg, are to be kept in a constant condition during the quarantine and tests and given the emetic once a week. The threshold dose is determined in three dose levels; 20, 40, 80 mg/head. The dogs with a threshold of more than 80 mg or latency of less than 5 min or of more than 45 min are to be excluded. Inhibition of emesis or a considerable prolongation of latency is the sign of an antiemetic action. A positive action of an antiemetic must be followed by another test with the threshold dose of copper sulfate alone. If the dog does not respond to the threshold dose after 2 administrations, the case must be excluded. To evaluate an antiemetic at least 5 cases are needed. Inhibition of more than 50% appears to be the positive response.
Administration, Oral↗