Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Katoh

Publications and source records attributed to N Katoh.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Natural history and URSO dissolution therapy of gallbladder stones in the elderly].

To determine how to treat silent gallstones in the elderly, 1771 autopsied cases 65 years of age or older were studied retrospectively, and 121 cases with asymptomatic gallbladder stones were followed for over 3 years. Of these, 47 cases treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) for over 3 years were investigated to determine the efficacy of UDC therapy. In the autopsied cases, the incidence of gallbladder stones was 16%, and increased with age. The ratio of males to females was 1:1.2. Only 3.2% of people with silent gallstones developed symptoms. Autopsy studies showed that the majority of people with gallstones died of unrelated causes such as benign respiratory and circulatory diseases. Only 1.8% of patients with gallstones died of acute cholecystitis or gallbladder carcinoma. UDC treatment was effective in 55.9% of patients with radiolucent stones. The percentage of patients requiring surgery due to becoming symptomatic was much lower (6.4%) in UDC-treated patients. The visualization of the gallbladder on cholecystogram improved in cases treated with UDC. These results indicate that elderly patients with silent gallstones generally develop neither symptoms nor carcinoma. Therefore, follow-up management by ultrasonography and cholecystography can be allowed. We also emphasized that a satisfactory response was obtained with long term UDC therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Protein kinase C substrates and ganglioside inhibitors in bovine mammary nuclei.

In cow mammary gland, unlike in other tissues, gangliosides (putative physiologic regulators of protein kinase C) may be distributed in nuclei and on the cell surface. This study was designed to determine whether gangliosides and the protein kinase C system (the enzyme and its substrate proteins) are present in cow mammary gland nuclei and to examine the effect of gangliosides detected in nuclei on protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinase C. Gangliosides GM3, GD3, and GT1b were detected in the highly purified nuclear fraction. The nuclear ganglioside pattern was different from those of whole tissue and cytosol, thereby suggesting the presence of the gangliosides in nuclei. Protein kinase C and its substrate proteins (120, 97, 56, 43, 38, and 36 kDa) were extracted by Triton X-100 treatment of nuclei. Both protein kinase C activity (histone phosphorylation) and the nuclear substrate phosphorylation were effectively inhibited by the three gangliosides. Of the gangliosides, GT1b was the most potent in inhibiting phosphorylation, followed by GD3 and GM3. These results suggest that signal transduction mediated by protein kinase C in cow mammary gland nuclei may be regulated by gangliosides.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Transurethral ureterolithotripsy with rigid ureteroscope--efficacy of balloon dilation of ureteral orifice and intramural ureter].

In order to minimize the late complications of transurethral ureterolithotripsy with a rigid ureteroscope such as distal ureteral stricture or vesicoureteral reflux, we have performed a balloon dilation of the ureteral orifice and the intramural ureter prior to insertion of a rigid ureteroscope in 62 cases with ureteral calculi between October 1986 and December 1991. A 7F balloon dilator (Bard Co. USA) was cystoscopically inserted into the ureter over a 0.038 inches Radifocus guide wire (Terumo Co., Japan) and then, a balloon was inflated to 15F size with saline using a 10 ml disposal syringe. Thereafter, an 11.5F rigid ureteroscope (Wolf Co., Germany) was inserted instead of a balloon dilator. The stone was disintegrated and removed by ultrasonic lithotripter, electrohydraulic lithotripter and/or basket forceps. The stone was removed completely in 45 cases (72.6%) and incompletely in 10 (16.1%). In 7 cases (11.3%), the stone removal was failed. Long-term follow up with an excretory urography obtained at 6 months or later in 31 cases showed no distal ureteral stricture. Voiding cystography was performed in 33 cases at a mean 2.8 months postoperatively and no vesicoureteral reflux was observed. In control group, 309 cases were treated with transurethral ureterolithotripsy without dilation of the ureteral orifice and the intramural ureter between the same period. A complete removal was achieved in 262 cases (84.8%) and an incomplete removal in 16 (5.2%). 31 (10%) was failed. Distal ureteral stricture due to this procedure was found in 3 cases (2.1%) in 141 long term followed up cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Laparoscopic nephrectomy; results of initial 14 cases and procedure for renal cell carcinoma].

Since July 1991, we have performed laparoscopic nephrectomy for removal of damaged kidneys in thirteen patients. In addition, we recently developed a new procedure of laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma and successfully removed the kidney with renal cell carcinoma. Patients' age ranged from 18 to 80 years with the average being 50 years. There were 8 male and 6 female patients. Original disease was calculous disease in 5 patients, vesicoureteral reflux in 4, renovascular disease in 2, ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 1, ectopic ureter in 1 and renal cell carcinoma in 1. The mean size of the diseased kidney was 9 x 5 x 4 cm in the initial 13 cases and 13 x 7 x 6 cm in the case with renal cell carcinoma. The size of the tumor was 2.5 x 2 x 2 cm. In the first 13 patients, nephrectomy was performed as described previously. In the patient with renal cell carcinoma, a new procedure was applied. In the new procedure, five trocars were introduced into the abdominal cavity through the lateral abdominal wall. The kidney was removed en bloc together with the adrenal gland, perirenal fat and Gerota's fascia in the same fashion as traditional radical nephrectomy. Thirteen kidneys were successfully removed, but one failed because of dense adhesion to the surrounding tissue. Three of the 13 patients required additional laparotomies to control bleeding or to remove missed stone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical results in the treatment for primary carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter].

One hundred and five patients with renal pelvic and ureteral tumor entered our treatment program between 1982 and 1991. Of 105 patients, 81 had resectable transitional cell carcinoma and were treated with radical or total nephroureterectomy (57 vs. 24) and/or lymph node dissection (66). Adjuvant chemotherapy was added in 26 patients with high stage disease and with lymph node disease. There were 61 male and 20 female patients. Their ages ranged from 36 to 86 years, with a mean of 62 years. The follow-up period was 3 to 114 months, with a mean of 31 months. The estimated 5-year survival was 67% in all 81 patients. Classified according to the pathological stage, 5-year survival was 70% in pTis + pTa disease group, 91% in pT1 group, 88% in pT2 group, 53% in pT3 group, and 27% in pT4 group. Under the grading system, 5-year survival was 100% in grade 1 disease, 74% in grade 2, and 26% in grade 3. It was 78% in 52 patients with negative node disease and 26% in 15 with positive node disease. There were 51 patients (61%) with no recurrent disease. Seventeen patients (21%) had recurrence in the bladder after a median latent period of 8-month, and 15 (19%) patients had recurrence in the retroperitoneum, liver, lung and (or) other site after a median latent period of 8 months. The results of this series were quite similar to those of previous reports. The efficacy of lymph node dissection and adjuvant chemotherapy could not be confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Case-control study of senile cataract in Japan: a preliminary report.

A hospital-based case-control study of senile cataract was conducted in Japan from 1988 to 1990. Two hundred and twelve patients with senile cataract and 212 control subjects with the same age-sex distribution were interviewed and given an ophthalmological examination. Both groups were randomly selected outpatients from 9 hospitals. Associations between senile cataract and four groups of variables, factors regarded as risks, life style habits, general aging indices or other factors were analyzed, and the data was subjected to statistical analysis. An increased risk of cataract was found in males who were presently spending 7 hours or more outside daily (Odds ratio = 5.07) and in females with 4 or fewer remaining teeth (Odds ratio = 2.03). The findings from this study suggest that there may be a sex-related host sensitivity or life style which is predisposing to the development of senile cataract.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of estradiol administration and subsequent nonfeeding on liver estrogen receptor, serum apolipoprotein B-100, and serum triglycerides concentrations in steers.

Estradiol was administered to 3 steers (0.12 mg/kg of body weight/d for 14 consecutive days), followed by 2 days of nonfeeding (starvation). During estradiol administration, liver nuclear estrogen receptor and serum apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), as well as serum triglycerides concentrations were increased, compared with values before administration. Starvation, together with interruption of estradiol administration, resulted in rapid decreases of the receptor, serum apoB-100, and serum triglycerides concentrations, and increase of nonesterified fatty acids concentration. Of the 3 steers, 2 had higher liver triglyceride content, compared with values before treatment. In the control group (3 steers that received vehicle alone, then starved similarly), these concentrations, except for serum nonesterified fatty acids and triglycerides concentrations after starvation, were not changed. In another experiment, serum apoB-100 concentration in dairy cows was significantly (P < 0.05) lower at parturition than values before and after parturition. These results indicate that estradiol may be involved in development of fatty liver in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Possible involvement of protein kinase C with induction of haptoglobin in cows by treatment with dexamethasone and by starvation.

Haptoglobin (Hp), an acute-phase protein, is detected in serum of cows with hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver). To assess the relevance of Hp in fatty liver, induction of Hp was examined, using conditions similar to those involving development of fatty liver in cows. Induction of Hp was achieved by a combination of dexamethasone administration (0.1 mg/kg of body weight) and 2 days' starvation. Haptoglobin appearance in serum was not associated with the increase of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (a marker for inflammation). This treatment increased serum nonesterified fatty acids concentration and decreased serum triglycerides concentration. Protein kinase C activity was decreased in the cytosolic fractions of liver and mononuclear cells. Reduction of protein kinase C-catalyzed endogenous protein phosphorylation also was observed, particularly in the cytosolic fractions of the tissue and cells. Detection of Hp in serum of cows with fatty liver appears to be explained by the fact that Hp is induced by dexamethasone administration and starvation, which are similar to the condition responsible for fatty liver development. The change of protein kinase C-catalyzed phosphorylation was suggested to be involved in the induction of Hp in cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Altered protein kinase C activity and its endogenous protein phosphorylation in rat liver after administration of ethionine.

Ethionine, an ethyl analogue of methionine, induces fatty liver in rats. The effects of ethionine administration on protein kinase C (PKC) in rat liver was examined. By a single administration at a dose of 0.5 mg/g body wt., liver PKC activity was increased in both cytosolic and total particulate fractions. The increase in cytosol was significant, even at 4 h after administration, when compared with control rat liver cytosol. On the other hand, a 4-day consecutive administration (0.5 mg/g per day) resulted in decreased PKC activity, particularly in cytosol, when compared with the control. Protein phosphorylation in liver catalyzed by PKC was found to be enhanced by ethionine, irrespective of the mode of administration. The enhanced phosphorylation was observed in both cytosolic and total particulate fractions. The change of PKC activity, and the phosphorylation of its endogenous substrates, are postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of ethionine-induced fatty liver of rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Diffusion of cefmenoxime and latamoxef into prostatic fluid in the patients with acute bacterial prostatitis.

Twenty-two patients with acute bacterial prostatitis were treated with cefmenoxime (CMX) or latamoxef (LMOX), which have susceptibilities against various gram-negative bacteria. First 11 patients received a 5- to 12-day course of cefmenoxime and the next 11 received a 6- to 13-day course of latamoxef. All patients were treated successfully except 1 patient with a drug allergy. Diffusion of CMX or LMOX into prostatic fluid in these patients and healthy controls were evaluated. The mean value of CMX in the expressed prostatic fluid was 12.8 micrograms/ml in the patients receiving 2 g of CMX intravenously and 0.7 micrograms/ml in the controls. The mean value of LMOX was 14.0 micrograms/ml in the patients receiving 2 g of LMOX intravenously and 1.2 micrograms/ml in the controls. The diffusion of CMX and LMOX into prostatic fluid in the patients with acute bacterial prostatitis was strikingly higher than that of controls.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1992

Signal transduction systems mediated by protein kinase-C and estradiol receptors in cow placenta and caruncle.

Characteristics of signal transduction systems mediated by protein kinase-C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase) and estradiol receptors in cow placenta and caruncle were conducted by evaluating protein kinase-C activity and estradiol receptor concentrations and by exploring substrate proteins for the enzyme. The enzyme activity was detected in cytosolic and total particulate fractions of both tissues. The activity levels in these fractions were comparable to those in other cow tissues such as liver and mammary gland. The enzyme activity was inhibited by palmitoylcarnitine, gossypol and adriamycin, known phospholipid-interacting inhibitors of the enzyme. Phosphorylation by the enzyme and subsequent autoradiography revealed that only 125K protein in placental cytosol and two low molecular weight proteins in caruncular cytosol were found to be substrates for protein kinase-C. Ca2+ acts as inhibitor of the phosphorylation of several phosphoproteins other than the substrates. Estradiol receptor concentrations in cytosolic and nuclear fractions were similar in both tissues, and the cytosolic concentrations were also comparable to those in pregnant uterus. However, the nuclear concentrations were extremely low when compared to those in the uterus. The signal transduction systems mediated by protein kinase-C and by estradiol receptors seem to be concertedly suppressed in cow placenta and caruncle.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Induction of fatty liver in cows by ethionine administration and concomitant decreases of serum apolipoproteins B-100 and A-I concentrations.

Ethionine, an analogue of methionine, induces fatty liver in rats by inhibiting protein synthesis, including that of apolipoproteins in liver. Ethionine was administered to cows to elucidate the participation in fatty liver development of impaired triglyceride secretion from liver attributable to decreased apolipoprotein synthesis. The administration resulted in a significant increase of liver triglyceride contents. Several apolipoproteins were found to have decreased concentrations. In particular, apolipoprotein B-100 in very low-density (0.95 to 1.006 g/ml) lipoprotein and in low-density (1.006 to 1.063 g/ml) lipoprotein fractions was greatly reduced. The decreases of apolipoprotein B-100 concentrations in the 2 lipoprotein fractions were at least partly correlated to the decreased triglyceride concentrations in the respective fractions. Decreased concentrations of apolipoprotein A-I in high-density (1.063 to 1.210 g/ml) lipoprotein were also observed, although not as distinctly as with apolipoprotein B-100. Total cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations in low- and high-density lipoprotein fractions were decreased. The decrease in cholesterol was attributed to reduced concentrations of cholesteryl esters. It was suggested that the impaired lipid secretion from liver attributable to the decreased apolipoprotein concentrations has a role in ethionine-induced fatty liver of cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Purification of a protein from serum of cattle with hepatic lipidosis, and identification of the protein as haptoglobin.

A protein that has 2 subunits with molecular weight of 35,000 and 23,000 was detected in serum of cattle with hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver). The protein was purified from serum obtained from a cow with fatty liver, and was identified as haptoglobin, which is known to have hemoglobin-binding capacity and to be an acute-phase protein. To assess the relevance of haptoglobin in fatty liver, cattle were classified in 3 groups (healthy control, haptoglobin-positive, and haptoglobin-negative); liver triglyceride content and several serum biochemical variables were evaluated for the 3 groups. Compared with the control and haptoglobin-negative cattle, haptoglobin-positive cattle had significantly (P less than 0.01) higher liver triglyceride content, serum bilirubin concentration, and aspartate transaminase activity. Serum haptoglobin concentration was high in slaughter cattle (27 of 40 cattle tested), particularly in cows (20/28).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Phosphorylation of coagulation factor II by phospholipid/Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C).

Prothrombin is a major constituent of the blood coagulation cascade and requires phospholipid and Ca2+ for its activation. We have found that phospholipid/Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase (Protein kinase C) phosphorylates prothrombin and the associated apparent Km value for prothrombin (0.86 microM) is comparable to the Km value reported for most known substrates of protein kinase C. A 2-dimension separation analysis revealed that serine residue was apparently phosphorylated by PKC. The phosphorylation was inhibited by such phosphatidylserine- and/or Ca2+ competitive protein kinase C inhibitors as trifluoperazine, palmitoylcarnitine and gossypol. These results suggest that protein kinase C phosphorylation was involved in the regulation of blood coagulation.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnostic ability of various biopsy needles].

We compared the diagnostic ability of various biopsy needles. A liver of an anesthetized rabbit was biopsied using 8 needles for cytology (23G, 22G, 21G Spinal; 23G, 22G, 21G Chiba; 22G Westcott; 22G Rotex II) and 12 needles for histological core biopsy (21G, 18G Sonopsy; 23G, 21G, 19G, 17G Sure-cut; 21G Majima; 18G, 16G, 14G Quick-cut; 14G Tru-cut; 18G Roth-biopsy). The volume of the recovered cells was not dependent on the bore of the needles for cytological biopsy (21-23G). However, the volume of the recovered tissue was dependent on the bore of the needles for core biopsy (14-23G). 22G Westcott needle and 22G Rotex II needle both showed excellent ability to obtain large amount of cells. 21G Sure-cut needle and 21G Majima needle both could obtain enough volume for histological diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Target-specific innervation by autonomic and sensory nerve fibers in hairy fetal skin transplanted into the anterior eye chamber of adult rat.

Pieces of hairy skin tissue of fetal rat were transplanted into the anterior eye chamber of adult rats. The ability of autonomic and sensory nerve fibers from the host iris to innervate the grafted skin tissue was immunohistochemically and enzyme-histochemically examined using antisera against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and a reaction medium for acetylcholinesterase (AchE). The grafted tissue was successfully implanted and connected with the host iris. Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, hairs, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and piloerector muscles developed in the graft. Two weeks after transplantation, TH-, SP-, and CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were observed in association with the blood vessels in the graft. Four weeks after transplantation, TH-immunoreactive fibers were distributed in the piloerector muscles, whereas SP- and CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were present around the hair follicles. VIP-immunoreactive and AchE-positive fibers were restricted to the host iris at all survival times. These results suggest that the outgrowth of autonomic and sensory nerve fibers from the host iris show target specificity for the grafted skin tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Decreased estradiol receptor concentrations in ethionine-induced fatty liver of rats.

Ethionine, a methionine analogue, induces fatty liver in rats. The mechanism by which ethionine induces fatty liver is thought to be due to the inhibition of synthesis of very-low-density lipoprotein. Since the synthesis of lipoprotein is correlated with liver estradiol receptor concentrations, we examined the effect of ethionine on estradiol receptor concentrations in rat liver. Estradiol receptor concentrations in both cytosolic and nuclear fractions were greatly decreased by a single injection of ethionine at a dose of 0.5 mg/g body wt. In particular, the decrease in nuclear receptor concentrations was observed a few hours after the injection and correlated with the decrease in triglyceride content in the very-low-density lipoprotein fraction. These results suggest that liver estradiol receptor is involved in the pathogenesis of ethionine-induced fatty liver of rats.

Animals↗