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Biomedical subjects

N Katoh

Publications and source records attributed to N Katoh.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effect of stages of lactation on the concentration of a 90-kilodalton heat shock protein in bovine mammary tissue.

From the normal mammary tissue of a Holstein cow in late lactation, a heat shock protein (90 kDa) was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and five-step column chromatography. From 70 g of tissue, 9.5 mg of this heat shock protein were obtained; samples had 98% purity and 19% recovery. The molecular mass of the 90-kDa heat shock protein was estimated to be 86 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Analysis of the amino-terminal amino acid sequence suggested that the protein had been purified as a mixture of two isoforms. The contents of the heat shock protein in cytoplasmic fractions of mammary tissues from Holstein heifers and cows at lactation and involution were measured by quantitative immunoblot analysis using rabbit antiserum raised against the purified heat shock proteins. The contents of the heat shock protein were higher in tissues from lactating cows than in those from heifers and involuting cows. The elevated concentrations of cytoplasmic 90-kDa heat shock protein in lactating tissue suggested that this protein is involved in mammary differentiation and lactation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

[Treatment results of radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer--biochemical failure analyzed from pathological findings at surgery].

OBJECTIVE: Recurrence is not rare after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. The treatment results of radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer was evaluated in this retrospective study. METHODS: A total of 36 patients with localized prostate cancer (clinical stage: A, B) were treated with radical prostatectomy. Kaplan-Meier product limit method analyzed from biochemical failure was used to study the treatment results of radical prostatectomy, and Cox's proportional hazards model was used to analyze the influence of pathological findings at surgery on biochemical failure. RESULTS: Of all 36 patients, 24 (67%) had pT3 (N0-2) disease, and these patients received adjuvant hormonal therapy after surgery. Overall freedom from biochemical failure at 5 years after surgery was 53% (pT1-2N0; 83%, pT3N0-2; 40%). No significant difference was seen in the freedom from biochemical failure between patients grouped by pathological classification (p = 0.106), tumor grade (p = 0.476), proximal and distal margin involvement (p = 0.095) and regional lymph node metastasis (p = 0.482), but a significant difference was seen between patients grouped by capsule involvement (freedom from biochemical failure at 5 years in cases with positive capsule: 30%, p = 0.023) and seminal vesicle involvement (freedom from biochemical failure at 5 years in cases with positive seminal vesicles: 26%, p = 0.014). Cox's proportional hazards model, on the other hand, showed only that seminal vesicle involvement significantly influenced on biochemical failure (p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: We confirmed a high likelihood of biochemical failure and presumably less favorable prognosis in patients with seminal vesicle involvement. These results indicated that candidates for surgery should be selected pathologically by excluding those with seminal vesicle involvement in the preoperative evaluation.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Decreased serum apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations in cows with ketosis and left displacement of the abomasum.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relevance of hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver) in the development of ketosis and left displacement of the abomasum (LDA). SAMPLE POPULATION: Sera from 22 healthy cows in early lactation, 21 cows with ketosis, and 19 cows with LDA, and serum and liver specimens from 35 slaughtered cows with or without fatty liver, ketosis, and/or LDA. PROCEDURE: Apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations were measured in sera of healthy farm cows and of farm cows with ketosis and LDA. Serum apolipoprotein concentration, together with liver triglyceride content, also were surveyed in a subset of slaughtered cows. RESULTS: Compared with those in healthy cows or controls, apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations were decreased in cows with ketosis and LDA. CONCLUSIONS: Decreases in apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations in cows with ketosis and LDA indicate that the 2 disorders may be intimately associated with fatty liver. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Monitoring of the apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations during the stages of nonlactation and early lactation is helpful for detecting cows susceptible to ketosis and LDA.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1997

Angiosarcoma of the scalp associated with renal transplantation.

A case of cutaneous angiosarcoma occurring in a 51-year-old male renal transplant patient is reported. Multiple violaceous nodules surrounded by poorly demarcated red to purple discoloration were found on his scalp. Immunosuppressants consisting of azathioprine and prednisolone had been administered during the 12-year period since the renal transplantation. We diagnosed the lesion clinically as a cutaneous angiosarcoma and performed a wide surgical excision. The histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis and showed tumour cells in the peripheral margin. Postoperatively, the patient started immunotherapy with systemic administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), but he refused to continue it because of the acute rejection of the transplanted kidney induced by the rIL-2. Instead he received radiation therapy (total 7000 rad) of the scalp. Although no recurrence was noticed for 15 months after the completion of radiation, he died due to lung metastasis from angiosarcoma. We review the seven cases, including ours, of angiosarcoma after renal transplantation that are reported in detail in the literature.

Fatal Outcome↗
PubMed1997

Decreased serum apolipoprotein A-I concentrations in cows infected with Salmonella typhimurium.

Serum apolipoprotein A-I concentrations in cows infected with Salmonella Typhimurium were evaluated to assess its relevance in salmonellosis. Apolipoprotein A-I has been shown in rats to be secreted by the intestine as well as the liver. Clinical symptoms such as diarrhea revealed an outbreak of salmonellosis in 22 cows on a farm, and sera were obtained at 6 (acute phase), 16, 28 (convalescent period) and 42 d (postconvalescent period) after the outbreak. Apolipoprotein A-I concentrations (mean +/- SD, mg/mL), determined by ELISA, were 0.598 +/- 0.497 (day 6), 0.111 +/- 0.060 (day 16), 0.432 +/- 0.311 (day 28) and 0.727 +/- 0.516 (day 42). Compared with the concentration at day 42, those at 16 and 28 d were significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) lower, but that at day 6 was not. The serum concentration of apolipoprotein B-100 (of liver origin in cattle) was unaltered during the course of salmonellosis. The concentration of apolipoprotein A-I was positively correlated with those of serum total cholesterol (r = 0.589, P < 0.01) and phospholipids (r = 0.590, P < 0.01). These results suggest that apolipoprotein A-I in cattle is in part of intestinal origin, and also that its decreased serum concentration in salmonellosis can be attributed to the reduced intestinal synthesis or secretion of this apolipoprotein. Moreover, as a potential carrier for dietary lipids such as cholesterol, determination of serum apolipoprotein A-I concentration is suggested to be useful when assessing the nutritional status of the affected cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Secretion of apolipoprotein A-I by calf liver parenchymal cells.

OBJECTIVE: To determine: whether apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is secreted by calf liver parenchymal cells; the isoprotein pattern and association with lipids of secreted apoA-I; and effects of steroid hormones on apoA-I secretion. SAMPLE POPULATION: 6 male Holstein calves (1 to 2 weeks old) as a cell culture source. PROCEDURE: apoA-I in culture medium was detected by immunoblot analysis, and its concentration was measured by use of an ELISA. The isoprotein pattern was analyzed by use of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Associations of apoA-I with cholesterol and phospholipids were examined by ultracentrifugal analysis of the culture medium. RESULTS: Concentration of apoA-I in culture medium increased linearly up to 24 hours. The protein synthesis inhibitors, actinomycin D and cycloheximide, suppressed apoA-I accumulation in the medium in dose-dependent manner. Molecular mass of this protein in culture medium was 28 kd, and was indistinguishable from apoA-I of plasma. Four isoproteins with different isoelectric points (1 = 5.75; 2 = 5.67; 3 = 5.58; and 4 = 5.46) were detected. Of these, isoprotein 2 was the major species. By comparison, isoprotein 4 was the predominant species in plasma, and isoprotein 5 (isoelectric point = 5.38) was newly detected instead of isoprotein 1. Approximately 33% of apoA-I in culture medium was found in lipid-rich fractions, whereas the rest was found in nonlipoprotein fractions. Dexamethasone (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) significantly (P < 0.001) increased apoA-I concentration in the medium, and the stimulatory effect was significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed by the simultaneous addition of 10(-6) M progesterone. Progesterone itself (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) had little effect on apoA-I secretion; estradiol (10(-14) to 10(-8) M) also had no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS: apoA-I is synthesized by calf liver parenchymal cells, and the secreted protein is modified during circulation. Moreover, apoA-I synthesis and secretion by the cells appear not to be largely influenced by hormones, except for dexamethasone.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: the Nagoya experience.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for removing kidneys with small volume renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 25 patients (19 men and 6 women, mean age 59) who had a kidney with small volume renal cell carcinoma (diameter less than 5 cm.), underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. The kidney was dissected laparoscopically together with the adrenal gland, perirenal fatty tissue and Gerota's fascia. In 11 patients, we used the transperitoneal approach and in the remaining 14 we used the retroperitoneal approach, in which a working space is created by finger and balloon dissection. We maneuvered the kidney into the laparoscopy sack, which was then removed through an additional 5 to 6 cm. incision. RESULTS: All 25 kidneys were removed successfully. Mean operation time was 5.3 hours and mean estimated blood loss was 335 ml. There were 5 complications, including a patient who suffered an injury to the duodenum, which was treated by open duodenojejunostomy. Full convalescence occurred at an average 23 days. No metastatic disease, no local recurrence and no seeding at the port sites occurred during the followup of 7 to 49 months (mean, 22 months). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is recommended as a minimally invasive procedure for removing kidneys with small volume renal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Reduced concentrations of apolipoproteins B-100 and A-I in serum from cows with retained placenta.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations in cows with retained placenta. Animals used were cows with retained placenta alone (n = 10), those with both retained placenta and ketosis (n = 7), and controls (n = 10). Apolipoprotein B-100 concentrations at 2 to 4 d after parturition were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in cows with retained placenta alone (mean +/- SD, 0.084 +/- 0.029 mg/ML of serum) when compared with those in control cows (0.154 +/- 0.022 mg/mL). Apolipoprotein A-I concentrations (0.713 +/- 0.177 mg/ML) were also significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of controls (0.895 +/- 0.159 mg/mL). These decreases were more distinct for apolipoproteins B-100 (55% of controls) than A-I concentrations (80% of controls). Concentrations of apolipoprotein B-100 (0.071 +/- 0.032 mg/mL; P < 0.01) and A-I (0.708 +/- 0.189 mg/mL; P < 0.05) in the cows with both retained placenta and ketosis were also reduced, when compared with values in controls. Other than apolipoproteins, cows with retained placenta alone had significantly (P < 0.01) higher serum nonesterified fatty acids, and lower triglyceride concentrations. Significantly (P < 0.01) higher nonesterified fatty acids and lower triglyceride concentrations were similarly observed in cows with both retained placenta and ketosis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Enhancement by ganglioside GT1b of annexin I phosphorylation in bovine mammary gland in the presence of phosphatidylserine and Ca2+.

Ganglioside GT1b and, to a lesser extent, GD3, enhanced phosphorylation of a 36 kDa protein (the substrate of protein kinase C) in the particulate fraction from bovine mammary gland. Sialic acids, asialogangliosides, and GM3 were without effect, and GD1a conversely inhibited phosphorylation of the 36 kDa protein. The enhanced phosphorylation by GT1b required the simultaneous presence of phosphatidylserine (PS) and Ca2+. The 36 kDa protein reacted with anti-annexin I in Western blot analysis. Addition of purified annexin I to the reaction mixture containing the particulate fraction increased the extent of phosphorylated 36 kDa protein, and the phosphorylation was further enhanced by GT1b. The enhanced phosphorylation of annexin I by GT1b was also dependent on PS and Ca2+. When annexin I was phosphorylated by purified protein kinase C, GT1b inhibited the annexin I phosphorylation. Addition of epidermal growth factor or insulin to the particulate fraction had little effect on the enhancement. These results suggest that an enzyme or enzymes other than protein kinase C, epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, or insulin receptor kinase is responsible for the GT1b- and GD3-enhanced phosphorylation of annexin I in the presence of PS and Ca2+.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Association of eosinophil granule major basic protein with atopic cataract.

PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanism of atopic cataract development, we examined a tissue-destroying major basic protein, derived from eosinophils, in the anterior capsule of cataractous lenses and the aqueous fluid of atopic dermatitis patients. METHODS: Major basic protein deposition in anterior capsule tissues was evaluated immunohistochemically using anti-major basic protein monoclonal antibody in three consecutive eyes from three atopic cataract patients and three consecutive eyes from three senile cataract patients. Also, major basic protein concentration in aqueous fluid obtained during cataract surgery was measured by radioimmunoassay in 12 consecutive eyes from 11 atopic cataract patients and 15 consecutive eyes from 15 senile cataract patients. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical investigation demonstrated lens epithelial major basic protein deposition in all three atopic cataracts but not in any of the senile cataracts. Major basic protein was detected in the aqueous fluid by radioimmunoassay in four of the 12 atopic cataract eyes and ranged in concentration from 11 to 70 ng/ml. No major basic protein was detected in the aqueous fluid of the 15 senile cataract eyes. CONCLUSION: Major basic protein in anterior capsule tissues and in the aqueous fluid of eyes with atopic cataract may be associated with the pathogenesis of atopic cataract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy via the retroperitoneal approach: first five cases.

Between February and November 1994, we performed laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy in five patients with benign adrenal tumors to confirm the efficacy of this operation. Using digital dissection and a balloon, we created a working space in the retroperitoneal cavity before we dissected the adrenal gland and removed it under laparoscopic observation. The adrenal glands of all five patients were removed without any complications. The mean operative time was 3.4 hours, and the mean estimated blood loss was 148 mL. The average postoperative hospital stay was 10 days, and the average full recovery time was 19 days. We concluded that the retroperitoneal approach is an advantageous and safe procedure in the laparoscopic removal of the adrenal gland with benign tumor.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1996

Solitary mastocytoma treated with tranilast.

Two infants with solitary mastocytoma were treated with 5 mg/kg/day of tranilast [N-(3',4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl)anthranilic acid], a mast cell stabilizing compound extracted from Nandina domestica. Tranilast was administered orally in three divided doses. In one infant, a topical corticosteroid was also applied in combination with the oral tranilast. Patients experienced symptomatic relief, and nodules resolved almost completely after eight weeks of treatment. Tranilast therapy was continued for six months. No relapses were observed after discontinuation of therapy. We speculated that tranilast not only inhibited mast cell degranulation but also reduced the number of mast cells.

Cell Degranulation↗
PubMed1996

Anterior urethral diverticulum produced by Cowper's gland duct cyst.

A case of congenital urethral diverticulum is presented. The patient was a 16-year-old boy with the chief complaint of dribbling urine since he was 14 years old. A retrograde urethrogram revealed a diverticulum of the bulbar urethra, which had been produced by a cystic dilation of the Cowper's gland duct. The walls of the diverticulum were resected endoscopically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Immunosuppressive treatment of primary cadaveric renal transplant patients receiving kidneys from non-heart beating donors.

Since November 1982, 276 primary cadaveric kidney transplants have been performed using kidneys from non-heart beating donors. Between November 1982 and December 1986, 49 transplant patients were treated with cyclosporine and steroid immunosuppressive therapy (CSA regimen). Twenty-seven patients were treated with low dose cyclosporine (initial dosage, 4 mg/kg/day), steroid therapy, and a 21-day course of 500 mg/day antilymphocyte globulin (ALG 1 regimen) between January 1987 and December 1987. Seventy-nine patients were treated with low dose cyclosporine (initial dosage, 6 mg/ kg/day), steroid therapy, and a 14-day course of 1,000 mg/day antilymphocyte globulin (ALG 2 regimen) between January 1988 and June 1990, and 85 patients were treated with low dose cyclosporine (initial dosage, 6 mg/ kg/day), steroid therapy, and a 14-day course of 1,000 mg/day antilymphocyte globulin followed by 2 mg/kg/day mizoribine (ALG 3 regimen) between July 1990 and May 1995. Ten patients, who showed hypersensitivity to antilymphocyte globulin therapy, were treated with low dose cyclosporine, steroid therapy, and mizoribine. Finally, 26 patients were treated with FK506 and steroid therapy (FK506 regimen) between June 1990 and February 1992. Graft survival was 78% at 1 year, 69% at 3 years, 63% at 5 years, and 51% at 10 years in the CSA regimen group and 67% at 1 year, 52% at 3 years, and 48% at 5 years in the ALG 1 regimen group. It was 85% at 1 year, 70% at 3 years, and 62% at 5 years in the ALG 2 regimen group and 87% at 1 year and 67% at 3 years in the ALG 3 regimen group. In the FK506 regimen group, graft survival was 92% at 1 year and 80% at 3-5 years. Never-functioning grafts were observed in 3 CSA patients (6%), 1 ALG 1 patient (4%), 3 ALG 2 patients (4%), 3 ALG 3 patients (4%), and 1 FK506 patient (4%). These results indicate that low dose cyclosporine (initial dosage, 6 mg/kg/day), steroid therapy, and a 14 day course of antilymphocyte globulin therapy is beneficial for cadaveric renal transplant patients receiving kidneys from non-heart beating donors; FK506 and steroid therapy might be more effective than cyclosporine based immunosuppressive therapies even in such patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Visual acuity disturbance in subjects over 50 years of age in a population-based cataract survey.

Visual acuity is still an essential examination item in cataract epidemiological studies, even though this parameter lacks objective reliability. A population-based epidemiological study was conducted in a rural area of Japan to find out the relationship between visual acuity levels and cataracts, the types of gradings of which were evaluated by an objectively reliable method through lens images, and to serve as a sample for researchers who perform epidemiological studies on cataract but lack the latest methodology. 863 participants above 50 years of age were examined and those previously diagnosed with ocular diseases which affect visual acuity were excluded from the analysis as much as possible. The mean visual acuity (LogMAR) in subjects in their 50s, 60s, 70s and over 80 years of age was 1.1, 1.0, 0.7 and 0.4, respectively. Both the mean and the distribution of visual acuity showed a statistically significant relationship to ageing (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). Both age and cataract grading showed a statistically significant relationship to visual acuity (p < 0.01), but there was no significant interaction effect between these two variables upon visual acuity. Visual acuity worsened remarkably with ageing in the eyes with grade III, whereas that of eyes with grades I and II remained fairly stable at a level of 0.7-1.0, except for those above 80 years of age. A fairly good visual acuity of 1.0, 0.8 and 0.7 remained in the eyes with pure cortical cataract of grades I, II and III, respectively, whereas those with mixed type cataract were 0.9, 0.6 and 0.3, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy: initial 2 cases].

Two patients with nonfunctioning kidney were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy. The working space in the retroperitoneum was created by balloon dissector consisted of surgical glove and rigid nephroscope. The balloon dissector inserted to retroperitoneal space was inflated with 500-600 ml normal saline. After removal of the balloon dissector, 4 trocars were inserted to the retroperitoneal space. In these two cases, the kidney were removed successfully without any complication. The operating time was 165 min and 219 min, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Detection of prostate cancer in urological practice: clinical establishment of serum PSA reference values by age].

BACKGROUND: Determinations of serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) are widely used for the detection of prostate cancer, but have not demonstrated sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be useful in urological practice. In order to enhance the diagnostic value of serum PSA, we studied the distribution of serum PSA levels by age in urological patients without clinical evidence of prostate cancer and determined clinical PSA reference values by age decades. METHODS: The study included a total of 590 male patients aged 40 to 89 years who visited our urological clinic complaining of voiding symptoms from January 1991 to October 1994, but had no clinically evident prostate cancer. We defined patients to be without clinical evidence of prostate cancer if they had negative test results in digital rectal examination, ultrasonography, and serum PSA assay, or had positive test results in one or more of these tests but had a nonmalignant prostate biopsy. Serum PSA levels were measured by E-Test Tosoh II (AIA-PACK PA, normal range; 0 to 5.3 ng/ml). The patients were grouped by age decades and serum PSA values were given as percentiles. RESULTS: Analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, serum PSA levels were correlated significantly with patient age (r = 0.24, p < 0.001). Prostatic volume was correlated weakly but significantly with patient age (r = 0.12, p = 0.005), and PSA density was also correlated significantly with patient age (r = 0.20, p < 0.001). Thus, serum PSA levels were demonstrated to increase with advancing patient age. Factors other than benign prostatic hypertrophy were also suggested to explain the increase in serum PSA levels in older patients. With the 95th percentile for serum PSA as the upper limit, the clinical PSA reference values by age decades were determined to be 2.6 ng/ml for patients aged 40 to 49 years, 5.0 ng/ml for 50 to 59 years, 7.5 ng/ml for 60 to 69 years, 10.1 ng/ml for 70 to 79 years, and 12.4 ng/ml for 80 to 89 years. CONCLUSION: We found a significant increase in serum PSA levels with advancing patient age. Thus, it is appropriate to have serum PSA reference values by age decades. Prospective clinical trials are necessary to define the usefulness of the PSA reference values by patient age in urological practice.

Adult↗