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Biomedical subjects

N Kanas

Publications and source records attributed to N Kanas.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Psychosocial support for cosmonauts.

Based on a meeting with members of the Psychological Support Group for cosmonauts, along with several referenced documents, the author summarizes the Soviet experience in dealing with psychological and interpersonal factors related to long-duration space missions. Cosmonaut selection and training procedures following the principle of "neuropsychological resistance" formulated by F.D. Gorbov. Inflight monitoring uses the macroanalysis of crew speech characteristics as an indicator of psychological state. Psychosocial problems include "asthenia" and interpersonal tension. Support efforts focus on enhancing behavioral and autonomic adaptation, planning flexible work/rest schedules, improving the space station environment, arranging relevant free time activities, and helping crews readjust to Earth postflight. Attention is paid to changes in cosmonaut preferences and sensitivities as the mission progresses. The use of support activities is believed to be positively associated with the health and performance of cosmonaut space crews.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Therapy groups for schizophrenic patients on acute care units.

Issues in selecting a format for group therapy for schizophrenic patients on a short-term acute care unit are discussed. After comparing the relative merits of open and closed groups and of diagnostically homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, the author suggests an open, homogeneous format as most appropriate. A model therapy group for schizophrenic patients is described. The group is led by unit staff and focuses on discussions of improving relationships and coping with psychotic experiences. Patients are encouraged to interact with each other and to deal with current problems. The effectiveness of the group has been supported by a series of empirical studies involving patients' ratings of the group, process studies of group interaction, and a content analysis of topics discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Psychological and interpersonal issues in space.

As future manned space missions become longer, and as crews become more heterogeneous, psychological and interpersonal factors will take on increasing importance in assuring mission success. On the basis of a review of more than 60 American and Soviet space simulation studies on Earth, along with reports from U.S. and Soviet space missions, the author identifies nine psychological and seven interpersonal issues, which are discussed along with pertinent research findings and examples from manned spaceflights. He concludes that more psychological and interpersonal research should be done under actual spaceflight conditions and offers suggestions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Inpatient and outpatient group therapy for schizophrenic patients.

Group therapy is effective for both inpatient and outpatient schizophrenics. Homogeneous groups are preferred. Important technical issues include: encouraging contact with others; allowing limited expression of emotions; helping patients in reality testing; and giving advice about practical matters. Insight-oriented techniques may harm some schizophrenics and should be avoided.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1985

Psychosocial factors affecting simulated and actual space missions.

As space missions become longer and broader in scope, and as crews become more heterogeneous, psychological and interpersonal factors will take on increasing importance. In order to isolate instructive psychosocial issues and trends, a review was made of over 60 American and Russian simulation and spaceflight studies and reports. Although the missions accomplished most of their goals, psychological and social stresses were evident in the crew members. Psychosocial problems tended to relate to mission length. There was evidence that the use of appropriate psychological testing and interpersonal sensitivity training could improve crew selection and ameliorate problems in the simulation studies. It is time to apply this knowledge to actual spaceflight conditions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

The effectiveness of group psychotherapy during the first three weeks of hospitalization. A controlled study.

Insight-oriented group psychotherapy is a common modality of treatment on inpatient psychiatric wards, yet is effectiveness for acutely hospitalized patients has not been adequately studied. A comparison was made of the effects of three experimental conditions (insight-oriented group psychotherapy, activity-oriented task group, and unstructured control condition) on 86 acutely hospitalized psychiatric patients at a United States Air Force teaching hospital. The group psychotherapy and task group patients did not show greater improvement after 20 days of hospitalization than control patients. In fact, significantly more psychotic patients scored worse in the group psychotherapy condition. It is suggested that insight-oriented group psychotherapy may not be an effective treatment modality during the first 3 weeks of psychiatric hospitalization, especially for psychotic patients.

Adolescent↗