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Biomedical subjects

N K Shah

Publications and source records attributed to N K Shah.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Hodgkin's disease in children.

From 1921 to 1973, 106 children with Hodgkin's disease under the age of 17 years were seen at Roswell Park Memorial Institute and were analyzed retrospectively. Evaluation was separated into three eras: 1921-1949 (early era), 1950-1964 (middle era), and 1965-1973 (recent era). In the early era, suboptimal radiation therapy was employed. In the middle era, radiation therapy techniques were improved, and single-agent chemotherapy was introduced. In the recent era, multiagent chemotherapy routines were frequently used; aggressive external megavoltage radiation therapy became routine in conjunction with improvement in staging procedures. The best survival was observed in the recent era where five-year survival of 96% was noted in early stage disease. Favorable prognostic features included: younger age group (5-9 years), female sex, lymphocytic predominant histology, early stage disease, and complete response to therapy. Nodular sclerosing and mixed cell types had an equal prognosis. The concept of involved area radiotherapy along with combination chemotherapy appears a reasonable approach in children and should be tested in a randomized study against more extensive radiotherapy techniques in early stage disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Testicular reaction to prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide.

Male LEW/f Mai rats were exposed to an atmosphere of 20 per cent N2O, 20 per cent O2, and 60 per cent N2 for a maximum of 35 days. Evidence of injury to the seminiferous tubules was found in some animals by the second day. By 14 days, such damage was found in all animals. The toxic effect was confined to the spermatogenic cells, with consequent reduction in mature spermatozoa and appearance of multinucleated forms. Other cells within the testes were resistant to damage. Recovery of spermatogenesis occurred after return to room air for more than three days. Serum testosterone levels were not significantly affected during the prolonged exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Clinical and epidemiological observations on an outbreak of plague in Nepal.

In the autumn of 1967, plague broke out among hill people in western Nepal, a country that had not previously reported human plague. Two persons were infected from an active sylvatic focus at a grazing area 5 km from Nawra, the village where the epidemic occurred. The second patient introduced plague into the village where the rest of the cases occurred. Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggests that plague was spread both by the airborne route, resulting in 6 cases of tonsillar plague and 1 case of primary pneumonic plague, as well as by infected fleas, resulting in 17 cases of bubonic plague. Since no evidence of a rodent epizootic was uncovered in the village itself, and because of the distinct clustering of the bubonic cases, human-to-human spread of plague by infected ectoparasite vectors, presumably Pulex irritans, is thought to have occurred.This focus probably represents the most southerly boundary of the central Asian plague area yet identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of methotrimeprazine and meperidine as components of balanced anesthesia.

Methotrimeprazine (MTM) (0.5 mg/kg) and meperidine (1.5 mg/kg) was administered to four groups of 10 patients each. Two of these groups (I and II) received MTM or meperidine 12 minutes before, two other groups (III and IV), 3 minutes after, induction of thiopental anesthesia. N2O-O2 was administered after thiopental induction, and fractional doses of meperidine and muscle relaxants were used as required for maintenance of anesthesia. The preliminary administration of MTM or meperidine decreased the induction dose of thiopental by about 60 percent. When administered before thiopental, both had similar effects on heart rate, but whereas MTM moderately decreased, meperidine moderately increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure MTM had little or no effect on respiratory rate, which was significantly depressed by meperidine. When given after an induction dose of thiopental, the circulatory effects of MTM and meperidine were similar. Respiratory measurements were little affected by MTM but were markedly depressed by meperidine. The mug/kg/min maintenance doses of meperidine were about the same in the four groups. Postanesthetic recovery of consciousness was delayed in the two MTM groups. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was less in the MTM than in the meperidine groups. MTM appears to have several advantages over meperidine as a component of balanced anesthesia, but is not desirable if rapid postanesthetic recovery or early ambulation is important. Its use is indicated in patients in whom even transient respiratory depression is undesirable and in those in whom prolonged postoperative sedation is desired.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Naloxone antagonism after narcotic-supplemented anesthesia.

Narcotic-supplemented balanced anesthesia is increasing in popularity; however, the narcotic must frequently be antagonized postoperatively. Authorities differ in their recommendations as to dose and as to mode and duration of administration of the narcotic antagonist. In the present study of 58 patients undergoing narcotic-supplemented anesthesia, 60 percent of 42 fentanyl patients and 81 percent of 16 morphine patients required postsurgical naloxone for respiratory inadequacy. Naloxone dosage was initially 1.5 mug/kg IV, with repeat IV doses of 1.5 mug/kg, when needed, at 3-minute intervals, until a regular respiratory rate greater than 15 breaths/min was attained. None of the fentanyl patients and only 25 percent (4/16) of the morphine patients required additional naloxone in the recovery room. For the latter, the dose of naloxone previously administered was given IM and proved satisfactory. Additional analgesia was needed by 12 percent (7/58) of the patients during the recovery room stay. Judicious naloxone titration permitted respiratory adequacy to coexist with analgesia after narcotic-supplemented anesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histological evaluation of cutaneous wound healing in presence of nitrous oxide in rats.

Three-centimetre linear incisions were made in 90 young male Lew/f Mai rats by scalpel through skin to the investing fascia of the left flank. The skin was undermined sharply for a distance of 0.5 cm along both sides of the entire length of the incision. The wound site was closed per primam with Michel clips and left uncovered. Following emergence from anesthesia, rats were randomly allocated to one of three groups of 30 rats each: one group breathed air only and acted as control; the second was exposed to 20% N2O for 24 hours daily until sacrificed (continuous group); the third was exposed to 20% N2O for 8 hours daily until sacrificed (intermittent group). Ten rats from each of the three groups were sacrificed after 3, 7, or 10 days postincision. After sacrifice, sections from the wound stained with hematoxylin and eosin or reticulin were examined microscopically. No histological evidence of an effect on wound healing of skin occurred in rats exposed to 20% N2O.

Animals↗