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Biomedical subjects

N K Ho

Publications and source records attributed to N K Ho.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Chylothorax in Down's syndrome associated with hydrops fetalis.

Hydrops fetalis is an unusual manifestation of Down's syndrome and diagnosis of Down's syndrome in the hydropic newborn can be difficult as the clinical signs are masked by severe oedema. The baby may also be seriously ill and die soon after birth, before any investigative procedures could be done. Down's syndrome should be considered in foetuses or babies presented with pleural effusion and/or ascites.

Chylothorax↗
PubMed1989

Stillbirths--ten years experience at Toa Payoh Hospital.

An analysis of 287 consecutive stillbirths associated with 47,171 deliveries in Toa Payoh Hospital between 1978 and 1987 was undertaken. The incidence of stillbirths was 6.1 +/- 1.26 per 1,000 total births. 149 out of 287 cases (51.9%) had known causes of death. Intrauterine anoxia and congenital malformations are the commonest diagnosis. In contrast, in 48.1% (138/287) of the stillbirths, we were unable to determine the underlying causes because of maceration and a low autopsy rate. Among the 287 stillborn infants, 54% were born prematurely, and 64.2% were born with birth weights of less than 2,500 g. 8.4% of the mothers had a past history of one to three abortions, and 5.6% of the mothers had a past history of one or more stilbirths. This study showed that the stillbirth rate in this hospital has not changed significantly in the last ten years.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1989

A five year study of neonatal hypoglycaemia in Toa Payoh Hospital (1984-1988).

A total of 18,611 live births from 1984 to 1988 in Toa Payoh Hospital were screened for neonatal hypoglycaemia. 102 neonates developed hypoglycaemia which was asymptomatic in 83% of cases. Of the 91 neonates whose medical records were still available, all had at least a high risk factor for the development of hypoglycaemia. Infants of diabetic mother (IDM) that were also more than 4 kg birth weight had the highest risk of developing hypoglycaemia. 82% of these hypoglycaemic neonates developed hypoglycaemia within the first 4 hours of life. Since so many of them had asymptomatic hypoglycaemia, screening of high risk neonates must be stressed.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

A quicker simpler method of pre-determination of the length of umbilical artery catheter insertion in Asian babies.

A total of 50 neonates with birth weights varying from 919 gm to 5 kg with acute respiratory distress were studied for umbilical artery catheter placement in the thoracic aorta at T7 to T11 vertebral body level. The length of the catheter to be inserted was by a simple formula ie. for a 1000 gm baby, the length of insertion is 10 cm (delete the 00 from 1000 gm), and add 1 cm for each additional weight group of 250 gm till 2250 gm. Above 2250 gm, the length of insertion is 15 cm for all babies. Considering the 49 babies whose birth weights were more than a kg, 47 babies had catheter tips located at T7 and T11 vertebral body level. This method was thus accurate in 95.9% of babies studied.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1989

Septic arthritis in the newborn--a 17 years' clinical experience.

Septic arthritis is an uncommon, yet serious disorder in the newborn. Most patients survive with permanent handicaps. We encountered 11 cases of neonatal septic arthritis in the Hospital over the past 17 years (1971-87), an incidence of 0.12 per 1000 livebirths or 0.67 per 1000 admissions to the neonatal nursery. The clinical experience is presented. The diagnosis of septic arthritis in the newborn is more difficult than in the older children. Joint swelling (10/11), tenderness (9/11) and limitations of joint movement (8/11) were the common presenting clinical signs. Constitutional symptoms (fever, leucocytosis, gastrointestinal disturbances) were unremarkable. More than half of the babies (6/11) were prematurely born. The knees and the hips were frequently infected, many had multiple joint involvement (6/11). Septic arthritis commonly manifested between 20-40 days of life. The causative agents viz. Staphylococcus aureus (4/11), Candida (2/11), Citrobacter (1/11) and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (4/11) showed that septic arthritis was a nosocomial infection. Many babies (9/11) had insertion of intravascular catheter for 1-3 weeks and 9/11 babies had concomitant positive blood culture, 2/11 coexisting osteomyelitis and 1, meningitis. Though there was no death, majority of the babies had joint destruction and severe handicap. Early diagnosis including frequent examinations of joints, prompt treatment and control of nosocomial infection are important in management.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1988

Roberts syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Economical modification of a radioimmunoassay of digoxin with negligible interference from cord and neonatal sera.

The Amerlex digoxin radioimmunoassay was modified to reduce the running cost by five times. The modified method compared well with the original method (y = 1.0138x + 0.00916, r = 0.9936). Using the modified method, the performance with the American Association for Clinical Chemistry quality control program was consistently satisfactory for 1 year. When normal cord and neonatal sera were tested with the modified method, 41% of the 22 samples of cord serum and 68% of the 19 samples of neonatal serum produced digoxin levels less than or equal to 0.05 ng/ml. The highest digoxin level produced by cord and neonatal sera was 0.3 ng/ml.

Digoxin↗
PubMed1985

Systemic candidiasis in premature infants detection by urine microscopy and culture.

Routine microscopic examinations and/or urine culture for Candida were done in all premature infants associated with perinatal factors viz prolonged hospitalisation, broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, use of intravascular catheter, endotracheal intubation. We report another seven infants with systemic candidiasis over a two year period (1983-1984). All, except one, had positive microscopic examination and/or urine culture. We advocate routine microscopic examination urine in premature infants at risk and a positive result is an indication for antifungal therapy. The significance of positive cultures of endotracheal tube and umbilical catheter is discussed.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1985

Systemic candidiasis in premature infants experience with drug treatment.

Eleven premature infants with systemic candidiasis from 1981 to 1984 have been reported previously. The experience with antifungal drugs is presented. Amphotericin B at lower maintenance dose, together with 5 flucytosine (5FC), are the preferred drugs for treatment of systemic candidiasis at present.

Amphotericin B↗