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Biomedical subjects

N K Dubey

Publications and source records attributed to N K Dubey.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Evaluation of Chenopodium ambrosioides oil as a potential source of antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity.

Essential oil extracted from the leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn. (Chenopodiaceae) was tested against the aflatoxigenic strain of test fungus Aspergillus flavus Link. The oil completely inhibited the mycelial growth at 100 microg/ml. The oil exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Macrophomina phaseolina, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Helminthosporium oryzae and Pythium debaryanum at 100 microg/ml. The oil showed significant efficacy in inhibiting the aflatoxin B1 production by the aflatoxigenic strain of A. flavus. During in vivo investigation it protected stored wheat from different storage fungi for one year. Chenopodium oil also exhibited potent antioxidant activity when tested by ABTS method. All these observations suggest the possible exploitation of the Chenopodium oil as potential botanical fungitoxicant in ecofriendly control of post harvest biodeterioration of food commodities from storage fungi.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed2005

Arhinia.

We report here a case of arhinia with its complete manifestation, which is a very rare congenital abnormality. The newborn had complete absence of external nose with that area being totally flat and firm on palpation. A tracheostomy was performed on this child as the parents insisted on early discharge from the hospital without any reconstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Diethylene glycol poisoning in Gurgaon, India, 1998.

OBJECTIVE: To discover the cause of acute renal failure in 36 children aged 2 months to 6 years who were admitted to two hospitals in Delhi between 1 April and 9 June 1998. METHODS: Data were collected from hospital records, parents and doctors of the patients, and district health officials. Further information was obtained from house visits and community surveys; blood and stool samples were collected from other ill children, healthy family members and community contacts. Samples of drinking-water and water from a tube-well were tested for coliform organisms. FINDINGS: Most of the children (26/36) were from the Gurgaon district in Haryana or had visited Gurgaon town for treatment of a minor illness. Acute renal failure developed after an episode of acute febrile illness with or without watery diarrhoea or mild respiratory symptoms for which the children had been treated with unknown medicines by private medical practitioners. On admission to hospital the children were not dehydrated. Median blood urea concentration was 150 mg/dl (range 79-311 mg/dl) and median serum creatinine concentration was 5.6 mg/dl (range 2.6-10.8 mg/dl). Kidney biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis. Thirty-three children were known to have died despite being treated with peritoneal dialysis and supportive therapy. CONCLUSION: Cough expectorant manufactured by a company in Gurgaon was found to be contaminated with diethylene glycol (17.5% v/v), but a sample of acetaminophen manufactured by the same company tested negative for contamination when gas-liquid chromatography was used. Thus, poisoning with diethylene glycol seems to be the cause of acute renal failure in these children.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of tympanic and rectal temperatures in febrile children.

The present study was designed to assess the accuracy of tympanic membrane temperature (TMT) in predicting "core" body temperature and to compare rectal temperature (RT) and TMT in febrile pediatric patients with and without meningitis. Sixty children diagnosed as having meningitis by cerebro-spinal fluid (CDF) analysis formed the cases and 60 non-meningitic febrile patients, chosen as continuous enrollment, formed the controls. Rectal and ear temperatures were assessed in both groups. Ear temperature was significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. The difference between reading of ear temperature and rectal temperature was also significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. Significant correlations were seen between ear temperature and various parameters of CSF profile.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed2002

Plumieride from Allamanda cathartica as an antidermatophytic agent.

Plumieride has been isolated as an active principle of the leaves of Allamanda cathartica. It showed strong fungitoxicity against some dermatophytes causing dermatomycosis to animals and human beings. It exhibited a noncytotoxic nature against a P(388) mouse leukaemia cell line.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of tympanic and rectal temperature in febrile patients.

OBJECTIVE: To compare tympanic membrane temperature and rectal temperature in febrile pediatric patients. METHODS: Sixty febrile children were enrolled as continuous enrollment at initial triage. Two readings of ear temperature were taken in each child with Thermoscan infrared thermometer. Rectal temperature was recorded by a digital electronic thermometer. Comparison of both the techniques was done and co-relation co-efficients calculated. Parental preference for both techniques was assessed. RESULTS: It was observed that mean ear temperature was 38.9+/-0.90 C and that for rectal temperature was 38.8+/-0.80 degrees C. The correlation coefficient between the two was 0.994 (p < 0.01). Coefficients for both sites were comparable over a wide age range. The difference between readings taken from two ears was not significant. Temperature ranges over which readings were recorded were quite wide for both techniques. Parental preference for tympanic thermometry over rectal thermometry was noticed. Tympanic thermometry utilizes pyro-electric sensors, to detect infra-red rays emitted from the surface of tympanic membrane. Ear temperatures correlates well with rectal temperatures which have long been considered as "core" temperatures. Parents prefer the technique of ear thermometry which is quick (2 sec), safe and non-invasive and patient resistance for this is also less. CONCLUSION: A non-invasive, non-mucous device which is accurate over a wide range of temperature could be very useful.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Efficacy of essential oils of Caesulia axillaris and Mentha arvensis against some storage pests causing biodeterioration of food commodities.

The essential oils of Caesulia axillaris and Mentha arvensis have been tested for their fumigant activity in the management of biodeterioration of stored wheat samples by Aspergillus flavus and the insect pests, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum, at 1300 and 600 ppm, respectively. The findings indicate the efficacy of the oils as potent fumigants for management of the biodeterioration of stored wheat samples. The oils also controlled the blue mould rot of oranges caused by Penicillium italicum and enhanced the market life of the oranges for a considerable period, showing their efficacy as postharvest fungicides of higher plant origin.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Mitral valve prolapse with pulmonary haemosiderosis and severe anaemia: cause or association?

A 12 years boy presented with the history of pallor for one month. Two days before hospitalisation he developed fever, cough, shortness of breath. He had past history of such episode. On examination, his heart rate was found to be 120/minute, respiratory rate 40/minute and moderate anaemia was detected. Scattered creptus was audible over mid and lower lung fields and a soft systolic murmur was auscultated at apex. On investigations, Hb was found as 4.6 g/dl and HbF was less than 2%. Plasma Hb was 5 g/dl. Straight x-ray chest showed bilateral patchy opacities over mid and lower zones. His sputum was found to be blood stained and prompted the possibility of blood loss occurring in the lungs, which was confirmed by demonstrating haemosiderin laden macrophages on three consecutive sputum specimens. Echocardiography revealed a systolic displacement of mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium with co-optation superior to the plane of mitral annulus. Doppler study showed a minimal late systolic regurgitation. It was decided to treat the case as idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis. Oxygen inhalation, hypertonic saline nebulisation, i.v. hydrocortisone, packed cell transfusion followed by oral prednisolone improved the patient's condition. After 3 months of discontinuing prednisolone, he remained asymptomatic. Here one case of pulmonary haemosiderosis characterised by abnormal accumulation of haemosiderin in the lungs following repeated alveolar haemorrhages with the presence of mitral valve prolapse is reported.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
PubMed2000

Free oxygen radicals in acute renal failure.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the levels of free oxygen radicals in acute renal failure and their predictive value in clinical outcome. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: Intensive care unit. METHODS: Study was conducted in 50 children (25 with acute renal failure and 25 age and sex matched controls). Blood urea, serum creatinine, serum protein, uric acid and free oxygen radical markers were estimated in both groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and lipid peroxide (LPO) were estimated in blood by standard techniques. RESULTS: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) was a major cause of acute renal failure (52%), rest were due to acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), septicemia and renal venous thrombosis. In the renal failure group 56% of the patients were dialyzed (peritoneal) and the mortality was 28% (7/25). The levels of SOD, GPx and LPO were significantly raised in renal failure group. Higher values of LPO, SOD and GPx were documented in subjects who expired. The most important independent variable for predicting clinical outcome was LPO with a sensitivity of 89.4%, specificity of 93%, positive predictive value of 95%. CONCLUSION: Levels of free oxygen radicals (SOD, LPO and GPx) are raised in acute renal failure and these enzymes can be used as marker of renal injury. LPO levels are highly sensitivity and specific for predicting the clinical outcome

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of some essential oils for their toxicity against fungi causing deterioration of stored food commodities.

During screening of essential oils for their antifungal activities against Aspergillus flavus, the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus was found to exhibit fungitoxicity. The MIC of the oil was found to be 1,000 ppm, at which it showed its fungistatic nature, wide fungitoxic spectrum, nonphytotoxic nature, and superiority over synthetic fungicides, i.e., Agrosan G. N., Thiride, Ceresan, Dithane M-45, Agrozim, Bavistin, Emison, Thiovit, wettable sulfur, and copper oxychloride. The fungitoxic potency of the oil remained unaltered for 7 months of storage and upon introduction of high doses of inoculum of the test fungus. It was thermostable in nature with treatment at 5 to 100 degrees C. These findings thus indicate the possibility of exploitation of the essential oil of C. citratus as an effective inhibitor of storage fungi.

Aspergillus flavus↗