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Biomedical subjects

N Jayakumari

Publications and source records attributed to N Jayakumari.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Antioxidant status in relation to free radical production during stable and unstable anginal syndromes.

Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant status were studied in male patients having stable angina (SA) and unstable angina (UA) pectoris and the results were compared with that of controls. Lipid peroxides (LPx) and conjugated dienes (CD) were found to be elevated in patients with both SA (LPx: 3.96 +/- 1.07, P less than 0.001; CD: 357.09 +/- 66.23, P less than 0.01) and UA (LPx: 4.66 +/- 1.33, CD: 373.33 +/- 49.82, P less than 0.001) than in controls (LPx: 3.22 +/- 0.86, CD: 335.15 +/- 60.27). In SA, the erythrocytes expressed a diminished activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SA: 435.59 +/- 76.02, control: 651.69 +/- 145.90, P less than 0.001) and normal activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, whereas in UA it showed enhanced activities of both SOD (UA: 735.72 +/- 145.67, P less than 0.01) and catalase (UA: 21.94 +/- 6.26, control: 18.69 +/- 6.37, P less than 0.01). A significant increase was also noticed in the levels of ceruloplasmin and vitamin E during both types of angina, but not alteration was observed in the levels of transferrin. Further, the patients with diabetes showed maximum levels of lipid peroxides compared to smokers and hypertensives. The level of lipid peroxides was also observed to increase with the severity of disease. This study indicates that free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerotic heart disease.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1989

Interaction of human serum lipoproteins with biomaterials.

Human serum was incubated with representative portions of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blood storage bags and vascular prostheses. The in vitro interaction process with lipoprotein was followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) using sudan black and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in the prestaining procedure. Densitometric scan of all the lipoprotein bands in serum after incubation with PVC bag material when prestained with sudan black showed remarkable increase in intensity. However, in the same experiment when NBT was used for prestaining no increase in the intensity of any of the lipoprotein bands could be observed. Since sudan black is known to bind cholesterol specifically we suggest that a molecular unfolding occurs when lipoprotein interacts with PVC bag material. When similar experiments were carried out with vascular prosthesis there was conspicuous decrease in the intensity of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) band especially when stained with NBT. This indicates preferential adhesion of HDL during interaction with vascular prosthesis.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1984

Diet, nutrition intake, and metabolism in populations at high and low risk for colon cancer. Composition, intake, and excretion of fiber constituents.

The role of fiber in human diet in preventing a number of chronic diseases has been a widely debated topic in recent years. The claim that populations at low risk for colon cancer generally consume a more fiber-rich diet than those at high risk, has been used to postulate a protective role for this group of substances. In this study we asked the question whether populations leading different dietary lifestyles and who are at varying risks for colon cancer show marked differences in their dietary and fecal profiles of various fiber components. Four study groups consisting of Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) pure vegetarians, SDA lacto-ovo vegetarians, SDA nonvegetarians, and a group of general population nonvegetarians were selected from the greater Los Angeles Basin area. Three-day composite diets, and stools were analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemi-cellulose, lignin, cellulose, cutin + silica, and pectin. The percentage composition and the daily intake and output of each of these components were computed for each population group. The dietary profile revealed a trend (not statistically significant) toward generally higher daily intake values among the vegetarian subgroups, neutral detergent fiber values in g/day: SDA pure vegetarians, 63.0 +/- 7.9; SDA-lacto-ovo vegetarians, 55.8 +/- 3.5; SDA nonvegetarians, 57.2 +/- 3.5; general population nonvegetarians, 52.5 +/- 4.9), lignin, cellulose, and pectin being the major contributors to this difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Diet, nutrition intake, and metabolism in populations at high and low risk for colon cancer. Determination of fiber and fiber constituents in food and stools.

A procedure is described for the determination of total neutral detergent fiber in composite food and stool samples. This procedure also determines hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and cutin + silica in these samples. The quantitation of pectins which involves a separate independent procedure is also described. The present modified neutral detergent fiber procedure yielded values that were significantly higher than the crude fiber method described in previous literature.

Dietary Fiber↗
PubMed1979

Dietary fiber and cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet.

The effect of administering blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) fiber (isolated as neutral detergent residue) at the 30% dietary level has been studied with regard to lipid concentration in the tissues and that of biliary and fecal bile acids and sterols. Rats were fed a high fat-cholesterol diet and compared with those fed a cellulose diet. The results indicate that blackgram fiber significantly lowers cholesterol in both serum and aorta [11]. There was an increased concentration of biliary sterols and bile acids and increased fecal excretion of sterols and bile acids, each of these effects being significantly greater than those observed in the rats fed cellulose.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced lipid peroxidation in patients during coronary artery bypass grafting.

Lipid peroxidation products were measured at various time intervals in 20 patients with coronary artery disease, who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Post-operative blood lipid peroxides were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the preoperative value. Lipid peroxides raised to a peak value of 46.42 +/- 12.86 n mol/g Alb at 5 min of reperfusion when compared to the basal value and afterwards the level declined to 41.02 +/- 7.09 at 2 hrs and remained in that level even at 24 hrs of reperfusion. This increase implies an enhancement in free radical mediated oxidation of membrane lipids during bypass surgery and thus provides evidence for free radical generation during myocardial reperfusion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of cholesterol in HDL and its subfractions in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.

The distribution of HDL-C and its subclasses HDL3-C and HDL2-C and other serum lipids was studied in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease grouped as young males (group 1) and older males (group 2) along with age matched controls. All the patients had significantly higher levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C and lower levels of HDL-C. The analysis of HDL - subclasses clearly demonstrated that the low levels of HDL-C was due to the significant decrease of cholesterol in both HDL3 (group 1: 32%; group 2: 30%) and HDL2 subclasses (group 1: 55%; group 2: 48%) compared to the respective control values. Further it has also been observed that this low level of HDL-C is a characteristic feature of patients irrespective of whether the levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides are high or normal. Although both the HDL subclasses were decreased, the percentage of reduction of cholesterol was greater in the HDL2 than in HDL3 subclass. In addition, the levels of cholesterol either in HDL or any of its subclasses, HDL3 and HDL2 did not show any change in relation to the extent of coronary disease which was assessed by coronary angiography. This study confirms the inverse relation of HDL-C with coronary atherosclerosis and also indicates that, of all the lipid parameters examined, only HDL-C, particularly its subclass HDL2-C, shows independent inverse relation to the incidence of coronary atherosclerotic artery disease in men.

Adult↗