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Biomedical subjects

N Jacobsen

Publications and source records attributed to N Jacobsen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Graft-versus-leukemia effect of donor lymphocyte transfusions in marrow grafted patients.

The immune reactivity of allogeneic lymphocytes plays a major role in the control of leukemia after bone marrow transplantation. In patients with recurrent leukemia after marrow transplantation, chimerism and tolerance provide ideal conditions for adoptive immunotherapy with donor lymphocytes. We studied the effect of donor lymphocyte transfusions on acute and chronic leukemia in relapse after bone marrow transplantation. One hundred thirty-five patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (N = 84), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (N = 23), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (N = 22), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (N = 5), and polycythemia vera with osteomyelofibrosis (PCV) (N = 1) were treated with transfusions of donor lymphocytes. Patients were monitored for response of leukemia, including in CML, the use of the polymerase chain reaction for bcr/abl mRNA transcripts and for the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and myelosuppression. Complete remissions were induced by donor lymphocyte transfusions in 54 patients with CML (73%) and in the patient with PCV; complete remissions were also induced in five patients (29%) with AML and a patient with MDS. In contrast, ALL did not respond to adoptive immunotherapy with donor lymphocyte transfusions. Remissions were durable in patients treated for CML in chronic phase (probability of remission: 87% at 3 years). Lymphocyte transfusions were also given to 18 patients with ALL, AML, MDS, and transformed phase CML who were in remission after chemotherapy. These remissions were not durable. Fifty-two patients (41%) developed GVHD of grade 2 or more, and 41 patients (34%) showed signs of myelosuppression. Seventeen patients died without leukemia, 14 patients with GVHD and/or myelosuppression. Donor lymphocyte transfusions exert strong effects against myeloid forms of leukemia and induce durable remissions in CML.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Transplantation of lung lobe from a mother to a child previously transplanted with her bone marrow].

The lower lobe of the left lung was transplanted from a mother to her child, who previously had received a bone marrow transplant from the mother because of an immune defect. After the bone marrow transplant the child had developed progressive pulmonary fibrosis (obliterative bronchiolitis). The surgical procedure and the early postoperative period has been uncomplicated. Immunosuppression with corticosteroids was only given for a short period, after which no immunosuppressive treatment has been given. The operation and results for both donor and recipient are described. The early results are promising, but rehabilitation is progressing slowly.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1995

Occupational health problems among dental hygienists.

A questionnaire survey on work-related health complaints was performed among dental hygienists. Valid information was received fom 189 hygienists, representing about half of all active members of the Norwegian Association of Dental Hygienists. Parallel information was received from similar number of female and male control persons in other occupations. The present report presents data on the nature and etiology of the chemically induced health complaints. About half of the hygienists had experienced one or more health problem of dermal, systemic, sensory (eye) or respiratory nature during the last year, as compared to 37% of the female and 19% of the male control group. The most frequent complaint was dermatoses of hands and fingers (37%), caused by different chemical, work-related factors. Latex gloves were responsible for 1/3 of these reactions. The role of immunological and irritant latex reactions were discussed and the prevalence of non-dermatological reactions compared with similar findings among women in other occupations.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Transplantation of a lobe of lung from mother to child following previous transplantation with maternal bone marrow.

A left lower lobe of the lung was transplanted from a mother to her child, who had previously received a maternal bone marrow transplant for an immune defect. Following the bone marrow transplantation, the child had developed severe pulmonary fibrosis. Surgery and the early postoperative course have been uncomplicated. Immunosuppression with corticosteroids was administered for a short period, after which all immunosuppressive treatment was discontinued. The operation and the outcome are described both in the donor and recipient. Rehabilitation was slow, but one year later the patient is doing well.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Treatment of severe acquired aplastic anemia].

Severe acquired aplastic anaemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality despite improvement in the results obtained both with bone marrow transplantation and with immunosuppressive treatment. Early bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients under 45 years of age, if the neutrophil granulocyte count is less than 0.2-0.5 x 10(9)/l and an HLA-identical sibling donor is available. Other patients should receive primary immunosuppression with antithymocyte globulin, cyclosporin and glucocorticoid in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. If they fail to respond after three months, and a donor is available, such patients may be treated with bone marrow transplantation. However, transplantation with marrow from donors other than HLA-identical siblings is still at an experimental stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Graft-derived anti-HPA-2b production after allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation.

We report on a male who received a bone-marrow allograft from his HLA identical sister for acute myelogenous leukaemia. After transplantation, the patient suffered from refractoriness to the transfusions of HLA-matched platelets and a strong platelet-specific antibody, anti-HPA-2b, of IgG1 subclass was demonstrated in the patient's serum. In the serum of the bone-marrow donor a weak IgG1 anti-HPA-2b was demonstrated. IgG allotyping of the patient and donor showed identical results. We could not determine the origin of the anti-HPA-2b, although we hypothesize that the anti-HPA-2b was produced by immunocompetent donor lymphocytes infused with the suspension of bone-marrow cells.

Antigens, Human Platelet↗
PubMed1994

Possible side effects related to dental hygienists' treatment.

The aim of the present investigation was to obtain information on the repertoire of patient-related remedies and materials used by dental hygienists and on the frequency and nature of side effects observed among their patients. Norwegian hygienists received a questionnaire on dental remedies and materials used, the number of patients seen, and side effects observed during the past year and earlier. Information from 169 hygienists provided a list of remedies comprising fluoride-containing varnishes, polishing remedies, pit and fissure sealants, oral disinfectants, fluoride gels and solutions, and plaque-disclosing solutions. In addition, some hygienists used temporary dental materials, polyalkeonate/composites, and local anesthetic spray or ointment. Fourteen brands of latex gloves were used. Possible side effects of general and local nature were observed by 37 dental hygienists. Reactions associated with the application of Duraphat in children (> 1:1640) and contact with latex gloves in adult patients (> 1:3300) were most important. The findings are discussed with specific emphasis on the content of colophony in the fluoride varnish.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Defective T-cell stimulatory pathways in patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in man.

Immunological reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in man is characterized by a decreased lymphocyte transformation response to various mitogens and antigens during a period of from months to years. One reason for the decreased proliferative capability could be an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio; however, the present investigation demonstrates that this is not the only explanation for the immunodeficiency, since the CD4 as well as the CD8 subset, when studied in isolation, have qualitative defects, as evidenced by a reduced response of both subsets to stimulation with PHA, anti-CD2 and anti-CD3 MABs. The reason for the qualitative defect is unknown but a distorted composition of the CD4+ as well as the CD8+ T-cell subsets is suggested by the present investigations. We also observed that the PHA response was almost completely reconstituted one year after BMT, while the PWM response was still severely affected. The present study suggests that T-cell subsets which differ in their capacity to respond to PHA and PWM have different kinetics of reconstitution after BMT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Self-reported occupation-related health complaints among dental laboratory technicians.

Occupation-related health complaints were investigated among 101 women and 100 men employed in dental technology in Norway. In technicians older than 30 years, there were no age-related differences in frequency of self-reported health complaints. Gender-related differences in responses were limited to specific musculoskeletal symptoms. About half of the employees had experienced some kind of job-related health problem, among which musculoskeletal and dermal reactions were common (39% and 28%). Other health problems were respiratory (16%), systemic (16%), sensory (10%), or neurologic (7%). Ergonomics and work-specific stress factors were important etiologic factors for the musculoskeletal reactions, whereas chemical factors of dental material origin were related to the other reactions. Comparison of the present results with corresponding data from other occupations indicated that the duties of a dental technician combine the risk of ergonomically induced musculoskeletal reactions characteristic of manual labor with the risk of chemically induced reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bone marrow transplants may cure patients with acute leukemia never achieving remission with chemotherapy.

About 30% of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 20% to 40% of children and adults with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) never achieve remission, even with intensive chemotherapy. Most die of resistant leukemia, often within 6 months or less. In this study of 126 patients with resistant ALL or AML, allogeneic bone marrow transplants from HLA-identical siblings produced remissions in 113 of 115 (98%) evaluable patients. The 3-year probability of leukemia-free survival was 21% (95% confidence interval, 15% to 29%). Leukemia-free survival was similar in ALL (23%, 12% to 40%) and AML (21%, 14% to 31%). Only 3 of 27 patients at risk relapsed more than 2 years posttransplant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Acquired severe aplastic anemia. Therapeutic effect and prognosis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation].

During 1980-1988 bone marrow transplantation was performed in 14 patients with acquired severe aplastic anemia. Twelve of these patients had HLA identical and two patients incompatible family donors. Two patients died before marrow engraftment. Twelve patients engrafted 12-30 days after marrow transplantation with continued normal marrow function. The actuarial probability for long term survival was found to be 67% after HLA identical allogeneic sibling marrow transplantation. The longest time of observation was 9 years and the patient is still alive. All deaths occurred during the first six months posttransplant. It is concluded that the serious prognosis for patients with SAA has improved if the patients have the possibility for allogeneic HLA identical family donor transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Perceived side effects of biomaterials in prosthetic dentistry.

The present questionnaire survey of side effects of biomaterials in prosthodontics had a response rate of 64%. There were occupational health problems associated with a variety of dental materials, especially acrylic resins, eugenol-containing materials, and elastomer impression materials. Most reactions were mild to moderate dematoses of the fingers or hands, but one prosthodontist had to cease practice due to a severe allergic reaction to acrylic resin materials. Of the respondents, 8% had experienced reactions to latex gloves. Nondermatologic reactions seemed to be transient, affecting the eyes, respiratory pathways, or occasionally causing generalized symptoms. These reactions were mainly attributed to vapors from acrylic resin monomers or cyanoacrylates. Adverse reactions in patients, tentatively estimated to be one out of 300, were observed by 40% of the prosthodontists, mostly as intraoral reactions. Acrylic resins, eugenol-containing cements, base metal alloys, mercury, gold, polyether/epimine based materials, and tissue conditioners were cited as causes. Skin contact with the dentists' latex gloves elicited extraoral reactions in some patients.

Biocompatible Materials↗