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Biomedical subjects

N Itoh

Publications and source records attributed to N Itoh.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Availability of plasma pancreatic polypeptide measurement in diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.

Plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP), a newly recognized pancreatic hormone, was studied in healthy subjects and patients with chronic pancreatitis. After an oral load of 50 g of meat extract, the plasma concentration of PP showed a rapid fourfold rise at 20 min in healthy controls. In contrast, the plasma PP level rose only 1.8-fold in patients with chronic pancreatitis. This difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The increase rate of the PP level during the test in each subject correlated significantly (P less than 0.01) with total amylase output and maximal amylase concentration measured by the pancreozymin-secretin test. Thus, it is suggested that the measurement of the plasma PP level may be a useful tool to diagnose chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Studies on in vitro antibacterial effects of amoxicillin against Proteus mirabilis IID-994 and Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 (author's transl)].

Amoxicillin (AMPC), a synthetic penicillin for oral use, was studied in the aspect of in vitro antibacterial efficiencies brought about by different schedules of AMPC-treatment. Using Proteus mirabilis IID-994 and Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 as test strains. The results were obtained as follows. 1. The antibacterial effects of AMPC against P. mirabilis IID-994 and E. coli NIHJ JC-2 were shown to be bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic and the numbers of viable cells were decreased in proportion to the length of exposing time to AMPC. 2. The decrease of viable cells was independent on the drug at which level concentration we tested, namely, it was not much changed by the level of AMPC at least among 1 to 4 times of minimal inhibitory concentration. 3. The length of time retaining growth-inhibitory ability was longer in the case of treating continuously for 4 hours than that of contacting twice for 2 hours at intervals of 6 hours, although the levels of viable cells after 12 hours incubation were almost same in both cases. 4. The level of bactericidal effect and the length of growth-inhibitory time were proportional to the length of exposing time to AMPC.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1981

[Amoxicillin preparation with prolonged activity (author's transl)].

This study was performed to develop a prolonged acting preparation on the bases of our in vitro study of AMPC that the bacterial effects of AMPC were not proportional to the concentration of and above MIC but to the exposing time. A desirable serum level was obtained in the AMPC preparation containing 30% of non-coated granules and 70% of enteric-coated granules dissolvable on and above pH 6. The duration time of the serum concentration on and above 2.5 micrograms/ml in the administration of this preparation (500 mg (Potency)) was 5.3 hours and it was 2.4 times that of the conventional capsule (250 mg (Potency)). The prolonged activity of this preparation was also observed in the urinary concentration. These results suggest that this prolonged action granules of AMPC could reduce the administration frequency and also might be more useful in increasing therapeutic effects than conventional capsule.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Quantitation of proinsulin mRNA sequences in hamster insulinoma cells in culture by molecular hybridization.

The content of proinsulin mRNA sequences was measured in a cultured cell line established from a transplantable hamster islet cell tumor, by hybridization with proinsulin cDNA. The cells cultured in vitro were found to contain a significant amount of proinsulin mRNA sequences, compared with non-insulin-producing hamster tissues, and seem to be a useful system for the study of insulin gene expression.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1980

Translational control of proinsulin synthesis by glucose.

Glucose is known to stimulate proinsulin synthesis in pancreatic islets of rats as well as of many other animals, but the mechanism involved remains uncertain. If proinsulin induction by glucose is regulated at the transcriptional level, the amount of proinsulin mRNA may be increased by the administration of glucose. Alternatively, if proinsulin induction is regulated at the translational level, the rate of proinsulin synthesis may not be correlated with the amount of proinsulin mRNA. We have now used a proinsulin cDNA hybridisation method to determine the amount of proinsulin mRNA and the subcellular distribuation of proinsulin mRNA in rat pancreatic islets. The results suggest that glucose-induced proinsulin synthesis is mainly achieved by enhancing the trnaslation efficiency of proinsulin mRNA preexistent on the membrane-bound polysome in pancreatic islets.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Percutaneous transhepatic drainage: experience in 100 cases.

A two-step procedure for percutaneous transhepatic drainage (PTD) of the biliary tract was attempted on 101 patients with obstructive jaundice, 29 with benign and 71 with malignant lesions, and was successful in 100. With this procedure, marked clinical improvement, with reduction in levels of serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase, was achieved after 1-2 weeks as a preoperative step or for continuous drainage in inoperable cases. In one patient 8 dys after PTD, however, a complicating large intrahepatic hematoma proved fatal. Emergency operation was necessary in three of the four patients who developed bile peritonitis due to dislocation of the catheter and in one with intra-abdominal bleeding. Our results suggest that this procedure is very useful in the diagnosis and management of certain obstructive diseases of the biliary tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime in animals after parenteral dosing.

The pharmacokinetic profile of ceftizoxime was studied in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys given the drug in a single parenteral dose. The serum data after an intravenous injection were analyzed by the two-compartment open model. Cefotiam, cefmetazole, cefotaxime, and cefamandole were used as reference drugs. High concentrations of ceftizoxime were attained in the sera of all test animals and in the tissues of rats after parenteral dosing. The serum concentrations of ceftizoxime were higher than those of the other antibiotics in large animals (dogs and monkeys), but were lower in small animals (mice and rats). About 80% of ceftizoxime was excreted unchanged in the 24-h urine of all species tested. The biliary excretion of ceftizoxime was low: 3.7% in rats and 0.59% in dogs. However, therapeutically significant concentrations of ceftizoxime were found in the bile of dogs. Ceftizoxime was stable in biological fluids such as serum, urine, and tissue homogenates, but cefotaxime was unstable in rat tissue homogenates. Binding of ceftizoxime to serum protein in all species was the lowest of all the antibiotics: 31% for humans, 17% for dogs, and 32% for rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[A study on the peripheral circulatory function and on the cold pressor response in chain saw operators (author's transl)].

Among the vibration hazards resulting from the use of vibrating tools, Raynaud's phenomenon, the peripheral nervous disturbances and the bone-joint abnormalities have been well known. Especially, Raynaud's phenomenon, which is explained as a spasm of the peripheral vascular vessels caused by disorders of the peripheral nerves or abnormalities of the arteriolae, represents the peripheral circulatory disturbance. In the worker with such a disorder of the peripheral circulatory function, it is likely that the mechanism of the cold pressor response would have been changed. The authors examined the relationship between the peripheral circulatory function and the cold pressor response in 51 chain saw operators. The following examinations were carried out: skin temperature, nail-press test and cold pressor test by 10-minute-immersion in 10 degrees C water. There was statistically an inverse correlation (r=-0.316, P < 0.025) between the increase in systolic blood pressure at the second minute during immersion and the mean skin temperature of the finger-tip during the latter half of 10-minute-immersion. It would be surmised from this result that the worker with lower peripheral circulatory function tends to increase the excitability in the sympathetic nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Toxicity and reproduction studies of ceftizoxime sodium.

Sodium (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazoyl)-methoxyiminoacetamido]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4,2,0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (ceftizoxime sodium), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, was tested for acute toxicity in various laboratory animal species, nephrotoxicity in rabbits, subacute and chronic toxicity in rats and dogs, and effect on fertility and teratogenicity in rats and rabbits. The i.v. LD50 values of ceftizoxime sodium in mice and rats were around 6000 mg/kg, and no deaths occurred in dogs after the largest dose of 3200 mg/kg. There was no evidence of nephrotoxicity of ceftizoxime sodium in rabbits after an i.v. dose of 1000 mg/kg. Clear-cut changes in subacute and chronic toxicity studies of ceftizoxime sodium were local damage at the injection site and its secondary reactions, although reversible peripheral anemia was observed in one female dog given 1000 mg/kg i.v. In the reproduction studies, ceftizoxime sodium had no adverse effects on fertility or fetal development in rats or rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Reaction of antimannan antibodies with oligomannosides and glycopeptides.

A number of oligomannosides and glycopeptides prepared from various sources were tested for their potency to inhibit the binding of 3H-mannotetraitol (Manalpha1 leads to Manalpha1 leads to Manalpha1 leads to 2Mannitol) to antimannan antibodies. It was found that antimannan antibodies are highly specific to the Manalpha1 leads to 3Man structure, reacting very poorly with the Manalpha1 leads to 2Man and Manalpha1 leads to 6Man structures. A Manalpha1 leads to 3Man structure at the non-reducing end is far more reactive than one at an inner position. In this respect, antimannan antibodies differ from concanavalin A which reacts with mannose residues substituted at C-2 as well as those at non-reducing ends. Glycopeptides prepared from ovalbumin, Taka amylase A and from membrane glycoproteins of rat liver cross-reacted with antimannan antibodies to various extents reflecting the characteristic structures of the individual glycopeptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Isolation and characterization of mucopolysaccharides from rat liver mitochondria.

Mucopolysaccharides were isolated from rat liver mitochondria which had been labeled with 35S-sulfate. They were prepared from trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble and -soluble fractions of lipid-free mitochondria. These fractions were digested with pronase exhaustively, and the mucopolysaccharides were recovered in the void volume fractions of gel filtration of the pronase digests on Sephadex G-50, monitored by radioactivity determination. Identification of these mucopolysaccharides was based on electrophoresis on cellulose acetate film using three different media, enzymatic and chemical degradations specific to each type of mucopolysaccharide, using chondroitinases, heparitinase, and nitrous acid. From the TCA-insoluble fraction, chondroitin sulfate A and dermatan sulfate were obtained in a ratio of about 1 : 2, based on 35S-radioactivities, whereas the TCA-soluble fraction yielded chondroitin sulfates A/C, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate in a ratio of about 1 : 3 : 12. The total amount of mitochondrial mucopolysaccharides was about 3 mg/g protein, distributed between the TCA-insoluble and -soluble fractions in a ratio of about 1 : 3.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Structure of a major oligosaccharide of Taka-amylase A.

The structures of a major oligosaccharide of Taka-amylase A, shown below, is proposed based on the results of chemical (methylation and acetolysis) and enzymatic (digestions with exo and endo-glycosidases) analyses. This structure is an amendment of that proposed by Yamaguchi et al. (1971) (J. Biochem. 70, 587-594), in which one more mannose residue is attached (Formula: see text) through an alpha 1,2 linkage to the mannose residue which is alpha 1,3-linked to the intermost mannose residue.

Amylases↗