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Biomedical subjects

N Isshiki

Publications and source records attributed to N Isshiki.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The minimal requirement of circulation for survival of undelayed and delayed flaps in rats.

In an attempt to clarify the delay phenomenon, the regional blood flow was measured in 10 undelayed flaps and 65 delayed flaps in rats by the clearance method with the electrolytically generated hydrogen. The ultimate purpose of this study was to establish the minimal requirement of blood flow for flap survival. The dye distance and the survival length were also measured. Blood flow in the flap increased with the delay period. Elongation of the survival length and the dye distance corresponded well to the circulatory enhancement. The present findings support the theory that delay improves blood circulation. The distance from the base to the 0.04-ml flow point was found to be highly correlated with survival length in the delayed groups as well as in the undelayed group. Based on the results, the minimal requirement of circulation for flap survival was assumed to be approximately 0.04 ml/min per gram of tissue whether or not the flap was delayed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Neoglottic reconstruction following total laryngectomy.

Aspiration of saliva and food and postoperative stenosis of the shunt are not infrequent among laryngectomized patients who have undergone surgery for voice rehabilitation. A new technique for neoglottic reconstruction has been developed to overcome these complications. A neoglottis was created from the upper-tracheal rings to prevent postoperative stenosis and was also made to protrude into the esophagus, in order to prevent aspiration. This procedure has been performed on eight patients, seven of whom are speaking well and have no aspiration. Their speech is superior to esophageal speech when judged on the basis of duration and intelligibility. In one case, however, the neoglottis had to be closed because of aspiration.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

What muscle is responsible for lateral pharyngeal wall movement?

In an attempt to discover what muscle is responsible for medial movement of the lateral pharyngeal wall, the levator muscle was anesthetized with lidocaine under visual control by fiberscope in 3 normal subjects. The results indicate that the medial movement of the lateral pharyngeal wall results from the contraction of the levator. The attendant roll-up of the uvula toward the nasal side induced by the anesthesia was regarded as the action of the uvular muscle without the counterbalance of levator action.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of cutaneous blood flow by clearance of hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis.

In an attempt to assess the reliability of a method for measurement of local blood flow-namely, the clearance of electrochemically generated hydrogen gas-a series of experiments were conducted using the skin and skin flap in rats and rabbits. The results showed high accuracy in obtained values, good reproducibility in the repeated measurements, and consistency with the values obtained by the hydrogen gas inhalation method. Histological examination revealed only minimal damage to the tissue resulting from the measurement. Using this method, blood flow was measured at different sites on the flap in rats. The critical point of blood flow as measured by this method was thoroughly consistent with the dye distance as well as with the survival length. No injurious effects of the measurement procedure on flap survival were noticed. The present study suggests a wide potential application of this method in plastic surgery because of its high reliability and because no radioactivity is involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Stiffness of the vocal cord in dysphonia-its assessment and treatment.

Due attention does not seem to have been paid to the problem of vocal cord stiffness in dysphonia, because it is extremely difficult to assess and to treat. Four illustrative cases are presented where the stiffness deviation was apparently involved in the dysphonia and successfully treated by laryngeal framework surgery. A breathy, high-pitched, and strained voice may be suggestive of very stiff vocal cords. Manual pressure on the thyroid cartilage in various manners during phonation can provide us with useful information about the stiffness of the cords, and indication for surgery. Surgical A-P shortening of the thyroid ala reduces the stiffness, while cricothyroid approximation increases it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Laryngeal fricative in cleft palate speech.

Some of the substitutions for or [integral of] in cleft palate speech, which was earlier regarded as a pharyngeal fricative, on the basis of listener's judgement, was found to be a laryngeal fricative by means of fluorovideoscopy and nasopharyngofiberscopy. The sound was most likely produced at the stricture between the posteriorly inclined epiglottis and the elevated arytenoids. During the production of laryngeal fricatives, the velopharyngeal port remained open just as for nasal sounds.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Surgical alteration of the vocal pitch.

Vocal pitch can be changed surgically without distorting the vocal quality. It can effectively be lowered by thyroplasty III, that is anteroposterior shortening of the thyroid ala by vertical strip excision of the cartilage. The pitch lowering was dramatic in six, but fair in three where the vocal cords were atrophic or scarred. Vocal pitch can be elevated by various surgical techniques: 1) cricothyroid approximation, 2) A-P expansion of the thyroid ala, 3) longitudinal incisions in the cords, 4) intrachondral injection of the steroid, and 5) evaporation of the cords by CO2 laser. Cricothyroid approximation, performed on 11 patients, generally produced substantial rise in pitch, which was limited, however, when the cords were very thick. The intrachordal surgeries, 3-5, should be performed conservatively, because it may interfere with the vocal cord vibration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Laryngoscopic and voice characteristics of aged persons.

Laryngoscopic and voice changes in aged persons were examined in 20 men and 20 women with a mean age of 75 years. From recordings of their voices, voice quality was assessed and the fundamental frequency and pitch perturbation were measured. The characteristic findings obtained were as follows: the aged men tended to show marked vocal fold atrophy and/or edema, with a higher fundamental frequency of voice than young men, and the aged women tended to have vocal fold edema and slight hoarseness, with a lower fundamental frequency than young women. Voice changes in senescence are characterized by slight hoarseness or a noticeable change in fundamental frequency of voice. Change in the mass of vocal folds, due, for example, to atrophy or edema, is considered to be the greatest factor in these voice changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Correction of alar deformity in cleft lip by marginal incision.

A surgical technique is described for correcting the drooping alar rim associated with cleft lip. An incision is made on the cleft-side alar rim such that the rims will be symmetrical. After extensive undermining between the dorsal skin and alar cartilages, a suspension suture is positioned so as to pull the drooping point of the nostril rim in an anteromediocranial direction to the septovestibular junction on the normal side. The upper and lateral walls of the nasal vestibule, together with the alar cartilage, are fixed to the dorsal skin in a pushed-back position using a special technique. For the nose to retain its corrected shape, it is important that hematoma does not develop and that the chondrovestibular flap be fixed to the dorsal skin under adequate pressure and over a wide area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Arytenoid adduction for unilateral vocal cord paralysis.

The arytenoid adduction technique was devised and performed under local anesthesia on five patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. It is especially indicated for the case of a wide, glottal chink and a difference in the level of the two cords. The muscle process is pulled by two 3-0 nylon sutures in simulation of the functions of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle and the lateral thyroarytenoid muscle. Improvement of voice after surgery was dramatic in all of the patients who were operated on. The surgical procedure is rather simple, easy, and allows adjustment of the degree of arytenoid adduction during surgery to produce the best voice obtainable.

Humans↗