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Biomedical subjects

N Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to N Ishida.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Comparison of two forms of pig heart phosphoprotein phosphatase.

A phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.16) was partially purified from pig heart using as substrate H2B histone which had been phosphorylated at Ser-32 and Ser-36 by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37). The enzyme had a molecular weight of approx. 250 000 and was converted to a smaller form with a molecular weight of approx. 30 000 upon treatment with ethanol. Phosphorylase alpha (EC 2.4.1.1) and phosphorylated H1 histone also served as substrates for both forms of the enzyme. The conversion of the large form of the enzyme to the small form decreased the phosphohistone phosphatase activity to 25-50% with a concomitant 7-fold increase in the phosphorylase alpha phosphatase activity. Ser-36 phosphate was removed 6- and 15-fold more rapidly than was Ser-32 phosphate by the large and small forms of the enzyme, respectively. Among Ser-36-containing tryptic phosphopeptides derived from phosphorylated H2B histone, Lys-Glu-Ser(P)-Tyr-Ser-Val-Tyr was the shortest phosphopeptide which was dephosphorylated at a significant reaction rate with the phosphoprotein phosphatase. The Km values for phosphorylated H2B histone and the tryptic phosphopeptide were 23.7 micron and 187.1 micron, respectively, with the large form, and 81.4 micron and 90.0 micron, respectively, with the small form of the enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Sendai virus.

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Animals↗
PubMed1978

A long-term survey of rotavirus infection in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis.

Human rotavirus was detected by electron microscopic examination of the stools of 320 (63%) of 506 infants and young children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis between December 1974 and March 1977. Serologic responses to infection with the rotavirus were revealed by the complement-fixation test in 130 (70%) of 185 patients examined. During the study period three epidemics of human rotavirus infection occurred during the winter months. The peak incidences occurred in January 1975 (88% of patients positive by serologic analysis or electron microscopy of stools), January 1976 (92%), and February 1977 (96%). Rotavirus was detected in the stools of 288 (79%) of 365 patients tested during the cooler months (December to March) and 35 (25%) of 141 during the rest of the year. In the summer (June to August), rotavirus infection occurred rarely. The frequency of human rotavirus infection was highest among patients aged six to 11 months. These results indicate that human rotavirus can be regarded as a major etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, of which wintertime epidemics are common in Japan.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

The specific reduction of a and d antigenic determinants after periodate treatment of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).

HBsAg antigenicity was found to be sensitive to periodate treatment. Antigenic determinants a and d were especially sensitive, losing almost all of their activity, while determinants r and w were found to be quite stable. Also, it is now possible to prepare the monospecific antibodies, anti-r and anti-w, by the use of this new, simpler procedure.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1978

Involvement of microtubules in cytopathic effects of animal viruses: early proteins of adenovirus and herpesvirus inhibit formation of microtubular paracrystals in HeLa-S3 cells.

In order to examine the involvement of microtubules in the virus-induced cytopathic effect (c.p.e.), the effect of virus infection on the formation of microtubular paracrystals (PC) induced by 10 microgram/ml of vinblastine sulphate in HeLa-S3 cells was examined by phase-contrast microscopy. In poliovirus-infected cells, c.p.e. (cell rounding) and the inhibition of PC formation proceeded in parallel, starting 4 h post-infection. In Sendai virus-infected cells, however, PC formation was not inhibited even 24 h post-infection when most infected cells clearly showed c.p.e. (syncytial formation). In adenovirus-infected cells, the inhibition of PC formation was observed 9 h before the appearance of c.p.e. Cytosine arabinoside (ara C) did not block the inhibition of PC formation in infected cells, but blocked the appearance of late c.p.e. (nuclear alteration). Cycloheximide blocked both the inhibition of PC formation and the induction of late c.p.e. These results suggest that an early protein synthesized de novo by adenovirus is required for direct or indirect inhibition of the microtubular PC formation. Furthermore, on ultraviolet (u.v.) inactivation of adenovirus both activities (induction of early c.p.e. shown by shrinkage of cytoplasm, and inhibition of PC formation) followed the same inactivation curve and were inactivated at a slower rate than viral infectivity and the activity leading to late c.p.e. The u.v. light sensitive target responsible for the induction of early c.p.e. and the inhibition of PC formation is about 20% of that for infectivity and is in accord with the genome size of the early functioning virus genes. In herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells, the inhibition of PC formation, the appearance of c.p.e. (cell rounding and disappearance of nucleoli) and the synthesis of V antigen proceeded in parallel. These three functions of HSV were not blocked in infected cells even when the de novo synthesis of virus DNA was inhibited by ara C or phosphonoacetic acid (PAA), whereas these three functions were blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting that a protein coded by the input virus genome early after infection inhibits the microtubular PC formation and is responsible for c.p.e. From the u.v. inactivation curve of HSV, it was confirmed that only one-tenth of virus genome was responsible for both activities (induction of c.p.e. and inhibition of PC formation).

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1978

Effect of an interferon inducer, 9-methylstreptimidone, on Candida albicans infection in mice.

The protective effect of an interferon inducer with a low molecular weight, 9-methylstreptimidone (9-MS), against Candida albicans infection in mice was investigated. The antibiotic was effective only when given prophylactically. When administered in such a manner, the growth of C. albicans in the kidneys and brain was inhibited at the initial stage of infection. The growth of C. albicans was not inhibited by the antibiotic in vitro, and no antifungal effect was obtained in a preparation containing induced interferon. These results suggest that the antifungal action of 9-methylstreptimidone in mice might be manifested not by direct antifungal activity but rather by a host-mediated activity that excludes interferon-inducing capability.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of amphotericin B on the incorporation of neocarzinostatin into human gastric cancerous tissues.

AmB/NCS combination therapy against cancer was evaluated. Seven gastric cancer and 2 gastric polyp cases were treated in this manner and in addition 2 gastric cancer patients were treated with NCS alone, to serve as the control. AmB dissolved in glucose solution was administered intravenously as was NCS, which was given at the onset of gastric surgery. Lesion tissues and healthy tissues were collected from each patient and the NCS titers measured by bioassay. It was shown in the majority of the gastric cancer cases that the NCS levels in the lesion tissues were substantially higher than in the surrounding normal tissues, whereas in the gastric polyp and the gastric cancer patients who received NCS alone, no significant differences were found between the tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Distribution of antibodies against swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses among pigs in 1977.

The distribution of antibodies against swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses among hogs in Miyagi Prefecture was examined. Of 456 serum specimens collected since July 1977, 12 were found to be positive against swine influenza virus and 6 against Hong Kong influenza virus. Such serological results reveal that swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses coexist in Japanese hogs and suggest that swine influenza virus reappeared in mid-1977.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Isolation and characterization of a new antitumor polysaccharide, KS-2, extracted from culture mycelia of Lentinus edodes.

A new antitumor and antiviral substance, KS-2, was prepared by ethanol precipitation of the hot water extract of culture mycelia of Lentinus edodes KSLE 007. It was further purified by ECTEOLA-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography based on the interferon-inducing activity. Its homogeneity was revealed by CsCl density gradient centrifugation, electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and Sephadex G-100 and ECTEOLA-cellulose column chromatography. KS-2 is mainly composed of alpha-linked mannose and contains a small amount of peptide which consists of serine, threonine and alanine with residual amounts of the other amino acids. The estimated molecular weight of KS-2 is between 6.0 X 10(4) and 9.5 X 10(4). KS-2 suppressed the growth of EHRLICH as well as Sarcoma-180 tumors in mice when given either orally or intraperitoneally. It is also capable of inducing an interferon in mice when dosed orally or intraperitoneally. The acute LD50 of KS-2 was found to be extremely low, more than 12,500 mg/kg when administered orally to mice.

Agaricales↗
PubMed1978

An epidemiological study of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in Japan, 1976.

The National Registry for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) of Japan was established in 1976 at the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, under the auspices of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. By March 1977, forty five clinically confirmed cases of SSPE were reported to the Registry, with onset of symptoms occurring between 1966 and 1976. Histories of measles were available in 42 of these cases. Thirty nine patients with known histories had measles prior to onset of SSPE and 3 had no history of measles illness. Twenty eight (71.7%) of the 39 patients had measles before the age of 2 years. All cases were 1 to 14 years old at the time of onset of SSPE and the mean interval between measles and SSPE was 6.1 years. One of the 3 cases with no history of measles was a recipient of measles killed vaccine, but no case of SSPE was reported among recipients of measles live, attenuated vaccine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Two-step chromosomal control of tumorigenicity of Chinese hamster cells in nude mice.

A simple method for microinjecting isolated chromosomes into a single living cell under an inverted microscope has been developed. Of the 368 injected cells, 85 were able to form a colony and could be cloned. Clones of Chinese hamster V79 cells microinjected with chromosomes isolated from murine D56 cells [V79 (D56) cells] were tested for tumorigenicity in immunodeficient nude mice and for colony-forming ability in soft agar. Untreated recipient V79 cells were highly tumorigenic and had a high colony-forming ability in soft agar. In contrast, two out of the 21 microinjected clones tested were non-tumorigenic in nude mice and had only weak colony-forming ability in soft agar. The chromosome banding pattern was analyzed in microinjected clones and tumors derived from cells of these clones. In cells of the two non-tumorigenic clones, a telocentric chhromosome 1 (t1) was specifically involved in translocations with other chromosomes or chromosome fragments. In all tumor cells obtained from nude mice, a supernumerary piece or a whole biarmed chromosome 14 (b14) was specifically found. The results suggest that the t1 chromosome bears the gene which controls in vitro transformation and that the additional genetic change, i.e. the extra piece of b14 chromosome, was required for tumor formation in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of an interferon inducer, 9-methylstreptimidone, on influenza virus infection in mice.

The antiviral effect of 9-MS was examined in mice infected with mouse-adapted influenza A2 (H2N2) virus. Either a single or a continuous prophylactic administration of 9-MS protected mice from virus infection, and comparison of the minimal effective dose with the lethal dose gave a therapeutic index of approximately 60. When the treatment was started after infection, however, no antiviral effect was demonstrated. A potent virus-inhibitory factor was detected in the lung and serum after a single intraperitoneal administration of 9-MS in uninfected mice, and on the basis of chemical characteristics of this inhibitory factor, it was assumed to be an interferon. These results suggest that the protective activity of the antibiotic in mice is due to interferon induction.

Animals↗