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Biomedical subjects

N Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to N Ishida.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Determination of urinary immunosuppressive acidic protein in cancer patients].

The urine levels of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) were measured in patients with and without cancer, using passive hemagglutination inhibition test and 24-h urine samples. In 23 control healthy adults, the urine levels of IAP were 0.13-1.3 mg/day. If an elevation of IAP levels were found in 46 (48%) of 96 cancer patients. Elevated urine IAP levels were found in 6 (18%) of 34 patients with non-cancerous gastrointestinal tract diseases. Increased urine IAP was demonstrated in 11 (58%) of 19 non-cancer patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Anticancer effects of OK-432 (2). Anticancer actions of M phi activated by OK-432].

Mouse spleen cells (DDI, BALB/c, 10 weeks old), either pretreated in vitro with 100 u/ml of OK-432-induced IFN gamma for 18 hr or obtained from mice 24 or 48 hr after iv injection of OK-432 (100 micrograms/mouse), were examined for their antitumor effect by Winn assay against Meth-A tumor cells in BALB/c mice. Both of these spleen cells preparations clearly inhibited the growth of admixed Meth-A cells. In order to determine the effector subpopulation, these spleen cells were treated with either anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody plus complement, anti-asialo GM1 serum plus complement or in combination of adherence on plastic plates followed by Sephadex G-10 column treatment. As a result, the effector activity in Winn assay was lost only after the removal of macrophages through plastic plate adherence and Sephadex G-10 column treatment, but not after anti-Thy-1 or anti-asialo GM1 treatment, with either spleen cell populations. Moreover, after anti-Thy-1 treatment, the effector activity of spleen cells increased, suggesting the presence of suppressor T cells in these spleen cell populations. The growth of Meth-A cells was not only inhibited by these activated macrophages in Winn assay but also by adoptive transfer of OK-432-induced cytotoxic spleen macrophages, intralegionally 4 days after the implantation of 1 X 10(6) Meth-A cells. In conclusion, the effector cells which appeared in mouse spleens after iv injection of OK-432 were found to be cytotoxic macrophages, which inhibited the growth of Meth-A cells, both in vitro and in vivo. IFN gamma induced by OK-432 in mouse spleen cell cultures produced the same cytotoxic macrophages when added to the spleen cell cultures, at a dose as low as 100 u/ml. All of our evidence suggests that the systemic action of OK-432 can be explained by the effect of IFN gamma induction.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Biochemical characterization of a specific phosphate acceptor of nuclear cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase.

The regulatory mechanism of transcription involved in the phosphorylation of a 13 kDa non-histone chromatin protein from calf thymus, which is the most effective phosphate acceptor for cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase purified from the nuclei of mouse spleen cells, by the kinase has been studied in vitro. An analytical study of the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the 13 kDa protein under different conditions showed that it underwent a major conformational change when incubated with DNA. The presented data suggest that the DNA-induced conformational change may result in a great increase of the 13 kDa protein phosphorylation by the kinase in vitro. Mg2+ (8-10 mM) enhanced the binding of the protein to DNA. Furthermore, the phosphorylated 13 kDa protein stimulated elongation of RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase II from calf thymus. However, neither the 13 kDa protein nor the phosphorylated 13 kDa protein had any affect on DNA synthesis. The available evidence suggests that the 13 kDa protein may play a role in the regulation of transcription through its phosphorylation by the kinase in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Circular dichroism and biochemical properties of the hepatitis B virus core antigen.

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen was purified by mild procedures, including hydroxyapatite column chromatography, with care taken to avoid the degradation of the particles. Circular dichroism (CD) of the HBV core particles in saline showed low intensities of negative ellipticities in the region dominated by amide bond absorption. Acid treatment of the particles induced a remarkable change in the CD spectrum, with the appearance of a positive extremum at about 208 nm. The amino acid composition and the COOH-terminal residue of the isolated core polypeptide (Mr 21,000-21,500) were shown to be essentially the same as those of the polypeptide deduced from the nucleotide sequences which had been proposed for the HBV core antigen by other laboratories. We failed to detect any NH2-terminal dansyl-derivatives from the core polypeptide by the dansyl-Edman method. We also showed by the method of fluorescein polarization that the core polypeptide conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate has an affinity for serum albumin. This may indicate a state of disassembled or non-assembled core polypeptide in sera.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

The nucleotide sequence of the mouse immunoglobulin epsilon gene: comparison with the human epsilon gene sequence.

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the immunoglobulin epsilon gene cloned from newborn mouse DNA. The epsilon gene sequence allows prediction of the amino acid sequence of the constant region of the epsilon chain and comparison of it with sequences of the human epsilon and other mouse immunoglobulin genes. The epsilon gene was shown to be under the weakest selection pressure at the protein level among the immunoglobulin genes although the divergence at the synonymous position is similar. Our results suggest that the epsilon gene may be dispensable, which is in accord with the fact that IgE has only obscure roles in the immune defense system but has an undesirable role as a mediator of hypersensitivity. The sequence data suggest that the human and murine epsilon genes were derived from different ancestors duplicated a long time ago. The amino acid sequence of the epsilon chain is more homologous to those of the gamma chains than the other mouse heavy chains. Two membrane exons, separated by an 80-base intron, were identified 1.7 kb 3' to the CH4 domain of the epsilon gene and shown to conserve a hydrophobic portion similar to those of other heavy chain genes. RNA blot hybridization showed that the epsilon membrane exons are transcribed into two species of mRNA in an IgE hybridoma.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Astrovirus-associated epidemic gastroenteritis in Japan.

An outbreak of epidemic gastroenteritis associated with astrovirus, the first case reported in Japan, is described. Not only children (5-6 years of age), but also staff members of a kindergarten were affected. the virus particles detected in stools were 28-30 nm in diameter with a circular outline and had the characteristic star-like configuration which allowed identification as astrovirus. Significant immune responses to the virus were confirmed by immune electron microscopy. Out of 84 children, 43 (54.2%) were affected; the common symptoms were vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. All the patients recovered completely within 48 hours. Occurrence of gastroenteritis due to contact with these patients was observed in 14 of 43 families.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1982

Electron microscopy of human hepatitis B virus cores by negative staining-carbon film technique.

The ultrastructure of the nucleocapsid component of human hepatitis B virus (core particle) was studied by negative staining-carbon film technique. Using this method an improved image of core particles was obtained in respect of resolution and contrast. Two-dimensional crystalline arrays of core particles were formed in vitro. Under these arrays the distance between the particle centers was 28.3 nm, corresponding to the capsid diameter, when analyzed through optical diffraction patterns. Positively stained images of these arrays revealed that core particles contain an electron-dense center of nucleoid-like area about 21 nm in diameter. The capsid surface rarely exhibited small capsomeres, ie, small spheres or ring-like structures measuring 4.0-4.2 nm. From the dimension of these structures and the analysis by Markham's rotational technique, it was suggested that each of these capsomeres is an individual subunit (monomer) and 180 of these subunits build up the core particle capsid according to the icosahedral symmetry (T = 3), but not clustering into distinct morphological features.

Capsid↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the absorption, excretion, and metabolism of suxibuzone and phenylbutazone in humans.

The absorption, excretion, and metabolism of a single oral dose of suxibuzone, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, in healthy male volunteers were compared with those of phenylbutazone. After oral administration of either suxibuzone or phenylbutazone, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, and gamma-hydroxyphenylbutazone were found in the plasma; phenylbutazone was the main metabolite of suxibuzone and phenylbutazone. In the urine, p-gamma-dihydroxyphenylbutazone and several glucuronide conjugates also were found. Spectrometric and/or enzymatic analysis showed that these glucuronide conjugates were suxibuzone glucuronide, 4-hydroxymethylphenylbutazone glucuronide, 4-hydroxymethyloxyphenbutazone glucuronide, oxyphenbutazone glucuronide, and phenylbutazone glucuronides (two types: O-glucuronide and C-4-glucuroxide) after suxibuzone administration, and oxyphenbutazone glucuronide and phenylbutazone glucuronide after phenylbutazone administration. The conjugates specific to suxibuzone administration, suxibuzone glucuronide, 4-hydroxymethylphenylbutazone glucuronide, and 4-hydroxymethyloxyphenbutazone glucuronide, were excreted in the first 6 hr urine. These findings and the pharmacokinetics of these metabolites in the plasma and urine show that suxibuzone is a prodrug of phenylbutazone.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of cells infiltrating the lungs of x-irradiated and nude mice after influenza virus infection.

After X-irradiated and nonirradiated mice (C3H/He) as well as athymic nude mice and haired littermates (BALB/c) were infected with influenza A virus (Kumamoto strain, H2N2), they were examined for survival period, the development of consolidation in the lungs and the characteristics of the cells infiltrating the lung tissues. In two different T-cell deficient groups, there was a definite delay in the development of consolidation compared with their respective controls and this was reflected in prolonged survival periods: 5 days longer for irradiated mice and 6 days longer for nude mice. In both T-cell deficient and normal groups, about 70% of the cells obtained from consolidated lung tissues after virus infection were found to be small lymphoid cells and there were no morphological differences between the T-cell deficient and normal groups. None of these small lymphoid cells from the peripheral blood or the spleen of T-cell deficient mice responded to concanavalin A. In the lungs of both X-irradiated mice and nude mice, however, a definite increase in cells having natural killer activity was found at the late stages of the influenza infection, suggesting their participation in the development of consolidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of avian paramyxoviruses isolated from feral ducks in northern Japan: the presence of three distinct viruses in nature.

Seventy-eight strains of avian paramyxoviruses (PMV) were isolated from cloacal and/or tracheal swabs taken from 1,342 feral ducks, comprised of spot-bill ducks, mallards, pintails, teals, falcated teals, wigeons and buffle-heads, in Wakuya-cho, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, between 1976 and 1979. Five and a half percent of the ducks were positive for virus. Serological and structural characterization indicated that three different avian paramyxoviruses are prevalent in the Japanese feral duck population. The first group of PMV was Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and in vivo pathogenecity tests in embryonated chicken eggs and 1-day-old chicks revealed that all the NDV strains isolated were avirulent. The second and most prevalent strain was closely related to PMV-4, duck/Hong Kong/D3/75 strain. The viruses of the third group were recovered only from pintails. They cross-reacted antigenically with PMV-3 when antisera to the PMV-3 reference strains, turkey/Wisconsin/68 and parakeet/Netherlands/449/75, were employed. However, no cross-reaction was observed when antiserum to pintail/Wakuya/20/78, the prototype of this group, was used. The viruses of the third group also differed in viral polypeptide profile from the reference strains of PMV-3.

Animals↗