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Biomedical subjects

N Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to N Ishida.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Serological evaluation of an influenza A virus cold-adapted reassortant live vaccine, CR-37 (H1N1), in Japanese adult volunteers.

A cold-adapted influenza A virus, CR-37 (H1N1), derived from genetic reassortment between A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) cold-adapted variant virus and A/California/10/78 (H1N1) wild-type virus, was tested in Japanese adult volunteer. The CR-37 live virus preparation induced only low-grade clinical reactions in volunteers for the first 3-4 days after inoculation. Two vaccinees who did not show any antibody changes became febrile (over 38.0 degrees C). Skin tests using the vaccine preparation and uninfected allantoic fluid were performed, and indicated that one of these two vaccines was positive for the CR-37 vaccine preparation. A high proportion of the vaccinees whose sera had a haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titre against the vaccine strain of less than or equal to 64 before inoculation, seroconverted in both HI and neuraminidase-inhibition (NAI) antibody titrations, and only a few seroconverted in the titration of antibody against type-specific internal antigens. The serological examinations against heterotypic H1N1 variants indicated that the cold-adapted live influenza virus vaccine could induce a broad spectrum of HI antibody reactivity and immunity of long duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Changing RNA patterns in rotaviruses of human origin: demonstration of a single dominant pattern at the start of an epidemic and various patterns thereafter.

The RNA of strains of rotavirus obtained from patients hospitalized with diarrhea during two winter epidemics of rotaviral infection in successive years (November 1981 through April 1982 and December 1982 through April 1983) was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A single dominant electropherotype was found during the first two or three months of each epidemic. In contrast, various electropherotypes were identified during the latter portion of each epidemic. RNA patterns of the rotaviral strains that were dominant during the early phase of the two epidemics were different from each other.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1984

Nucleosidediphosphate kinase from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

A phosphate-incorporating protein has been highly purified from the cytosol of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EAT cells). The nitrocellulose membrane method was used to follow the progress of the purification by quantitation of the [32P]phosphorylated form of the protein. The purified protein was identified as an NDP-kinase since it exhibited NDP-kinase activity and had enzyme characteristics in common with other NDP-kinases from various mammalian cells. The purified NDP-kinase was found to have a molecular weight of approximately 76,000 daltons. Moreover, the enzyme appears to consist of two distinct polypeptides (18,000 and 20,000 daltons). This enzyme contained 19 amino acids, with high levels of glycine (9.8%) and lysine (9.0%). The enzyme rapidly formed a [32P]phosphoenzyme when incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP in the presence of Mg2+ (1 mM) at the optimum pH of 7.5 even at low temperature (below 4 degrees C). This phosphoenzyme is an enzyme-bound, high-energy-phosphate intermediate, because ATP was formed from it on incubation with ADP in the presence of Mg2+ (1 mM). This finding suggests that the phosphoenzyme functions as an intermediate in NDP-kinase action.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Immunological and morphological properties of HBeAg subtypes (HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2) in hepatitis B virus core particles.

A polypeptide of 21 500 mol. wt., structurally associated with hepatitis B virus core particles, was shown to have two kinds of HBeAg antigenicity (HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2). This was revealed by transferring a single core peptide from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets (Western blotting), which reacted with anti-HBeAg/1 and anti-HBeAg/2. Selective discrimination of the two HBe antigens was achieved by radioimmunoassay (RIA). When highly purified core particles were incubated at 37 degrees C in a 0.1% SDS-0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol solution, only HBeAg/1 was released after 5 min incubation and the release of HBeAg/2 occurred only after prolonging incubation for 30 min. The course of degradation was also detected by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. These results indicate that HBeAg/1 is less closely associated with core particles than is HBeAg/2. Electron microscopy showed that the core particles from which HBeAg/1 was removed were more labile than the original preparation when incubated at 56 degrees C in aqueous solution, or at 37 degrees C in Sarkosyl solutions; when placed in 1 M-NaCl or -CsCl solution, the particles swelled to a larger diameter than untreated cores.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1984

Immune interferon production by TH69, a lyophilized preparation of Streptococcus faecalis, in murine spleen cell cultures.

In mouse spleen cell cultures, TH69, a live Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 31663) preparation, at a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml induced immune interferon (IFN gamma) with molecular weight ranging from 20,000 to 40,000 daltons together with a small amount of IFN alpha/beta. By using nonsensitized mouse spleen cells, the fact that both T-cells and macrophages are required for this IFN production was established. When these spleen cells were obtained from mice sensitized 12 days earlier with 4 mg of TH69, twice as much IFN was produced than in cells obtained from nonsensitized mice. This increase was explained by the presence of both sensitized macrophages and T-cells in a reconstitution experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Participation of macrophages in enhanced in vitro immune interferon (IFN gamma) production with mouse spleen cells.

IFN gamma production in cultures of spleen cells obtained from mice sensitized with TH69, a live Streptococcus faecalis preparation, was examined to determine how macrophages participate. It was demonstrated that sensitized spleen macrophages participated in enhanced IFN gamma production by T cells at an early stage (0-6 hr) of incubation, and that this production is mainly dependent on Ia-bearing macrophages In the reconstitution experiments where different combinations of spleen macrophages and T cells obtained from mice sensitized with TH69, OK-432, and BCG were used, T cells required that the identity between the sensitizing organisms in vivo and the stimulating organisms in vitro be the same for enhanced IFN gamma production while macrophages did not. Macrophage-mediated production of IFN gamma appears to be genetically restricted because IFN gamma was only produced in cultures where the H-2 region of macrophages and T cells matched. Further examination revealed that for macrophages to participate in enhanced IFN gamma production, first contact between cycloheximide-treated macrophages and T cells was required. Second, enhanced IFN gamma production occurred when culture supernatants of macrophages obtained from sensitized spleen cells were added to T cells. However, the addition of culture supernatant obtained from sensitized peritoneal macrophages resulted in inhibition of IFN gamma production. These results clearly showed the crucial role of macrophages in enhanced IFN gamma production by spleen T cells in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cultured human monocytes, granulocytes and a monoblastoid cell line (THP-1) synthesize and secrete immunosuppressive acidic protein (a type of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein).

Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP, pI 3.0) is a type of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG). The secretion of IAP into the culture fluids of different subpopulations of human peripheral blood leukocytes was examined by a newly devised passive hemagglutination (PHA)-inhibition test. Human peripheral monocytes, an established monoblastoid cell line (THP-1) and peripheral granulocytes produced IAP. However, neither T nor B lymphocytes, nor lymphoblastoid cell lines induced by TCGF or EB virus respectively, produced IAP. The IAP concentration reached a maximum (215 ng/ml) in the culture fluids of peripheral monocytes (1 X 10(6)/ml) when monocytes were stimulated by the addition of either immune complex, carrageenan or endotoxin. The synthesis de novo and shedding of IAP by THP-1 were demonstrated by the immunoprecipitation of radioactive IAP in the culture fluids of [3H]leucine-labeled cells. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitates showed two peaks of radioactivity, one comigrated with authentic IAP at 50,000 daltons, and the other at 38,000 daltons, suggesting that two different forms of IAP (and/or alpha 1-AG) are produced from human monocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Corneal stromal innervation. A quantitative analysis of distribution.

The density of stromal nerve trunks and their branches was determined at the peripheral and the central areas of the four corneal quadrants in the Long-Evans hooded rat by using a nonspecific cholinesterase histochemical reaction. It was found that the density of stromal innervation is the same in the different quadrants and in the 2 eyes of the same animal. However, the density of stromal innervation was higher at the periphery that at the center of the cornea. The study provides quantitative information on the density of corneal stromal innervation in a commonly used laboratory animal. These data were unavailable in the literature, and can be used as a baseline for experimental studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

"Enveloped" rotavirus particles detected in culture fluid.

In a negative contrast preparation of human rotavirus culture fluid were found membrane-bound "enveloped" virus particles which had been observed only in thin sections of the infected cells. The "enveloped" particles comprised a single-shelled particle and degenerating membrane structure.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1984

Virological classification of autopsy livers with hepatic disorders.

Forty six selected autopsy livers with hepatic disorders were classified histologically into three groups, i.e., hepatitis 8, liver cirrhosis 16 and hepatocellular carcinoma 22, chiefly by histological findings. These groups were subdivided into two categories after determining the presence or absence of three HBV associated markers, i.e., the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and the antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in the sera and liver homogenates. At least one of these markers was found to be present in the sera and homogenates of 38% of the livers with hepatitis, 69% of the livers with liver cirrhosis and 77% of the livers with hepatocellular carcinoma. When the liver tissues were examined for the presence of HBV DNA using Southern blot technique, the majority of them (10 out of 11) which proved to be positive for at least one HBV associated marker were also positive for HBV DNA. However, HBV DNA could not be detected in the other 10 livers which contained no HBV associated markers. These results showed that a HBV associated serological marker was always expressed, when liver tissue HBV DNA was demonstrable. The results of the two detection methods we used in this study were found to be almost equivalent. These results showed no evidence of nucleic acid homology between DNA from the liver of patients with non-B type liver disorders and HBV DNA.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1984

Syntheses and biological activities of new carbapenem derivatives.

3-beta-Alanyloxymethyl, 3-glycyloxymethyl and 3-methyl derivatives of 6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-carbapenems, (VIIa, VIIb and VIII), and 3-methyl-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)carbapenam (IX) were synthesized from 3-(1-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxyethyl)-4-(3-chloro-2-oxopropyl) -2-azetidinone (I). The antibacterial activities of these compounds proved that the delta 2 double bond was essential for the appearance of bioactivity, whereas the amino group on the C-3 side chain was not necessary.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Nucleosidediphosphate kinase in Escherichia coli: its polypeptide structure and reaction intermediate.

A nucleosidediphosphate kinase (NDP-kinase) has been highly purified from E. coli. The purified enzyme was found to have a molecular weight of approximately 64,000 daltons and be a 16,000 dalton polypeptide tetramer. The enzyme rapidly formed a phosphoenzyme when incubated with ATP in the presence of divalent cations such as Mg2+ and Ca2+ (1 mM) even at low temperatures (below 4 degrees C). The available evidence suggests that the phosphoenzyme is an enzyme-bound high energy phosphate intermediate, which functions as an intermediary in NDP-kinase action.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Recurrent Fusarium keratomycosis: a light and electron microscopic study.

Corneal buttons infected with Fusarium solani, were removed during penetrating keratoplasty, and studied by light and electron microscopy. Histologically, it appeared that the hyphae penetrated Descement 's membrane and the posterior stroma from the anterior chamber. Their cell wall, plasmalemma, and cytoplasm were preserved indicating that the fungi might be still active despite antifungal therapy, which may not be effective once the fungus penetrates Descemet's membrane. The other interesting feature was the total lack of phagocytic activity of macrophages on adjacent fungal hyphae indicating possible suppression of host defense responses in this cornea. Patients with fungal keratitis should be treated with antifungal drugs at an early stage, and therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty appears to be most effective, if performed before the fungus penetrates the barrier of Descemet's membrane.

Cornea↗
PubMed1984

[Induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in tumor-bearing mice].

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can be induced in BALB/c mice bearing syngeneic tumor RL male 1 lymphoma or Meth A fibrosarcoma, by initial injection of either Corynebacterium parvum or BCG, in combination with a second injection of endotoxin (LPS) almost 10 days later. Either treatment resulted in hemorrhagic necrosis and complete regression of tumors in mice. The term, "endogenous induction of TNF therapy" was proposed for this trial. Although the TNF of tumor-bearing mice was identical to that of normal mice in molecular weight (about 40,000 daltons) and isoelectric point (4.4), and differed from IFN, the in vivo effect of endogenous TNF was much more remarkable than in mice receiving passive TNF administration. The mice bearing RL male 1 lymphoma cured after endogenous induction of TNF, rejected rechallenge of the same tumor cells but not Meth-A tumor cells. Splenocytes obtained from these cured mice were also found to be inhibitory in Winn's neutralization assay. The data indicate that tumor-specific immunity can be induced in mice receiving endogenous induction of TNF.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Induction of LAK cells in peritoneal cavity of mice after ip injection of OK-432 and antitumor effect of these LAK cells].

More than 50% of BALB/c mice bearing BAMC-1 ascites tumor were completely cured after five consecutive (once every two days) ip injections of a 0.1 mg dose of OK-432, starting on day 2 of tumor implant. The antitumor effect of OK-432 was not abolished by prior anti-asialo GM1 serum treatment, which apparently caused the disappearance of NK cells. However in athymic nude mice or in antithymocyte globulin treated euthymic BALB/c mice, the same treatment increased the mice's length of survival, but they didn't recover from the tumor-death. Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) obtained on day 12 from OK-432 treated BAMC-1 bearing mice were tested for cytotoxicity in vitro against fresh BAMC-1 tumor cells, NK-resistant allogeneic tumor cells (EL4, P815 and B16) and NK-sensitive allogenic YAC-1 cells. These PEC were found to be capable of lysing syngeneic BAMC-1 tumor cells together with the other tumor cells, and the effect was abolished when PEC received anti-Thy 1 treatment. These results indicate that T-cells play a determinative role in the immunotherapeutic effect of OK-432. The cells responsible for killing BAMC-1 and other tumor cells appeared between day 8-12 in the peritoneal exudate and were characterized as a kind of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Antitumor effect of synthetic cord factor analogue, 6, 6'-Di-O-decanoyl-alpha, alpha-trehalose].

The antitumor effect of a new synthetic cord factor analogue, 6, 6'-Di-O-dacanoyl-alpha, alpha-trehalose (SS 554), was examined in vivo and in vitro. Remarkable life prolongation effects were observed after the intraperitoneal administration of SS554 at a dosage of 150 mg/kg in mice implanted with Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells. Using in vitro tests, the growth of various tumor cell lines i.e. Meth-A, EL-4, RL male-1, X5563, Raji and Jurkat were inhibited by SS554 at a 25 mcg/ml concentration. The mechanism of the direct antitumor activity of SS554 was studied using these tumor cell lines and bacterial cells. After treatment with SS554 at a 50 mcg/ml dose for 30 minutes, tumor cells and bacterial protoplasts but not intact bacterial cells were destroyed, indicating that SS554 causes the lysis of the membranes of these cells.

Animals↗