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Biomedical subjects

N Ikegami

Publications and source records attributed to N Ikegami.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Comparative sequence analysis of rotavirus genomic segment 6--the gene specifying viral subgroups 1 and 2.

Cloned DNA copies of rotavirus genomic segment 6 from simian 11 (subgroup 1) and human strain Wa (subgroup 2) rotaviruses have been used to determine the nucleotide sequences of the gene that determines viral subgroup specificity. Both genomic segments are 1,356 nucleotides in length and possess 5'- and 3'-terminal untranslated regions of 23 and 142 nucleotides, respectively. The inferred amino acid sequence reveals VP6 to be a polypeptide of 397 amino acids in which more than 90% of the amino acid sequence is conserved between the two viruses. There are 34 amino acid changes between the subgroup 1 and 2 polypeptides, most clustered in three regions of the molecule at residues 39 through 62, 80 through 122, and 281 through 315.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Nucleotide sequence of human rotavirus genome segment 10, an RNA encoding a glycosylated virus protein.

The complete nucleotide sequence of human rotavirus (Wa strain) genome segment 10 was determined by using a cloned DNA copy. The sequence data indicated that segment 10 is A + T rich (65%) and consists of 750 base pairs. The positive strand of segment 10 contains a single open reading frame that extends 175 codons from the first AUG triplet (residues 42 through 44). The amino acid sequence of the segment 10 product was deduced from the nucleotide sequence. There are two distinct glycosylation sites at the N-terminal hydrophobic region, consistent with previous findings that this protein exists in a glycosylated form. The apparent molecular weight (20,000) of the unglycosylated, precursor polypeptide is in good agreement with the one calculated from the predicted amino acid sequence. Structural analysis of the positive strand (mRNA from segment 10) showed that it could form, like mRNA from segment 11, a stable panhandle structure involving the 5' and 3'-terminal regions. The nucleotide sequence of segment 10 from simian rotavirus, recently determined by Both et al. (J. Virol. 48:335-339, 1983) was found to be highly homologous to, and to share several important features with, segment 10 of human rotavirus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the serotype-specific antigen of human (Wa) rotavirus: comparison with the homologous genes from simian SA11 and UK bovine rotaviruses.

The nucleotide sequence of human (Wa) rotavirus genome segment 9, which encodes the serotype-specific antigen VP7, has been determined. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of Wa VP7 protein to the sequences of simian SA11 and UK bovine VP7 proteins shows that the majority of the amino acid differences are clustered between amino acid residues 37 through 49, 65 through 75, 87 through 105, 122 through 126, 146 through 149, 178 through 181, and 208 through 242. A hydrophilicity profile of the three proteins reveals correlations between hydrophilic peaks, potentially antigenic determinants, and certain clusters of amino acid changes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

[Viral diarrhea].

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Diarrhea↗
PubMed1983

Molecular cloning of double-stranded RNA virus genomes.

Genome double-stranded RNAs isolated from purified human reovirus (serotype 3) and rotavirus (Wa strain) were modified at the 3' termini by addition of oligo(C) approximately 15 with T4 RNA ligase. These RNAs were transcribed into cDNA by oligo(dG)-primed reverse transcriptase and cloned after insertion into pBR322 at the Pst I site. Hybridization of plasmid-transformed Escherichia coli RR1 colonies with 32P-labeled viral genome RNAs demonstrated the presence of DNA clones representative of each of the 10 reovirus RNAs and 10 of the 11 constituent segments of the rotavirus genome. Analyses of the size and terminal nucleotide sequences of insert DNAs indicated that some clones contained a full-length copy of the virus genome segment. The complete nucleotide sequence of rotavirus genome segment 11 double-stranded RNA was obtained by using this procedure. It provides a general method for cloning double-stranded RNAs and also nonpolyadenylylated single-stranded RNAs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Capped and conserved terminal structures in human rotavirus genome double-stranded RNA segments.

Both 3'- and 5'-terminal structures of human rotavirus genome double-stranded RNA segments were determined. RNAs were labeled at the 3'-termini with [32P]pCp by incubation with RNA ligase and at the 5'-termini with [32P]phosphate by polynucleotide kinase or, in the case of 5' caps, with 3H by chemical modification with [3H]NaBH4. Examination of radiolabeled termini released by digestion with several base-specific RNases revealed that rotavirus RNA segments are base paired end-to-end and contain the same terminal structures: (formula; see text)

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Institutionalized and the non-institutionalized elderly.

A survey covering all the elderly over 65 years of age at home and in institutions was made in a rural town of Japan in order to reveal the physical and socio-psychological factors which were related to their current placement status. The proportion of those over 65 in this town is 13%, of which 53% are living either alone or with spouse only, which anticipates the future national trend. Of the 3039 enumerated, 6.0% were hospitalized, 1.5% in the Home for the aged and only one in a Nursing home. As the level of disability became more serious, the proportion institutionalized increased; however, even at the severe level only half were in institutions. This situation could only be understood when the family caring capacity was taken into consideration. Those at home had a greater possibility of having a healthy, not employed caring person. Economic factors were relevant only for the Home for the aged subjects. At the same disability level, the family of the institutionalized expressed a greater subjective burden in caring compared with those at home. A tentative criteria for evaluating institutional care need based on the level of disability and family caring capacity is proposed.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated quaterphenyls in Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

Female Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with P-KC-400, Y-PCB, PY-PCB or polychlorinated quaterphenyls (PCQ) received a daily dose of 5 mg for 20 weeks, and some monkeys received a daily dose of 10 mg of Y-PCB or 0.5 mg of PCQ. The chemical compositions of the polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) used for the oral administration were as follows: P-KC-400, PCB from which polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDF) have been removed from Kanecklor 400, largely contains tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls and no PCDF. Whereas, Y-PCB and PY-PCB, PCB with constituents similar to PCB ingested by yusho patients, largely contain penta- and hexachlorobiphenyls, in addition, PCDF of 400 ppm was present only in Y-PCB, but not in PY-PCB. There were immunosuppression, enlargement and histopathological changes of the liver (such as interstitial inflammation, and proliferation of epithelial cells of biliary duct, etc.) in the groups fed P-KC-400 and PY-PCB (free of PCDF). In the group fed Y-PCB (with PCDF), there were more apparent decreases in body weight, immunosuppression, fatty liver and histopathological changes than in the groups P-KC-400 and PY-PCB. In addition, there were hair loss, acneform eruptions, edema of the eyelid, congestion and abscess of the Meibomian gland, and cornifications of the skin, characteristic dermatological findings of yusho disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The biological behaviour of gastric cancer.

A characterisation of the biological behaviour of gastric carcinoma was attempted by relating the histological classification to the mean number of metastases for each case (metastatic index). The material was chosen from a consecutive series of 294 gastric cancer autopsies in which only conservative therapy had been given or in which the cancer was first diagnosed at autopsy. According to the extent of metastasis it was possible to divide the nine histological types into two groups of limited invasiveness and generalised invasiveness. Unfavourable biological behaviour of the cancer was determined by the presence of the latter group of histological types in the primary site even in cases where this histological type formed the minor component of the tumour. The variation in histology within the primary tumour and between the primary site and the metastatic sites was related both to histological affinities and to the metastatic index associated with the primary site histology. It is suggested that this dual classification system adds significantly to our understanding of the natural history of gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Control of protein synthesis by a temperature-sensitive mutant of reovirus 3. I. Temperature-sensitive function of ts261-b mutant.

The ability of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of reovirus, ts261-b, to synthesize virus-specific RNAs and proteins during infection at the nonpermissive temperature (37 degrees C) was investigated. The relative amounts of the mutant virus-specific single-stranded (ss) RNA's and double-stranded (ds) RNA's synthesized in cells at 37 degrees C were 20 to 25% as much as those synthesized in the wild-type virus-infected cells. The 10 segments of the mutant ds RNAs and the three size classes of the ss RNAs were synthesized in the usual proportions. The methylation of the mutant viral mRNA's (ss RNAs) was not blocked at 37 degrees C in infected cells. A striking temperature-sensitive restricted function of the ts261-b mutant was expressed in the synthesis of the viral proteins. This study, which uses an in vitro protein-synthesizing system reconstituted with an endogenous polysomal fraction and a postribosomal supernatant from reovirus-infected cells, has demonstrated that the endogenous polysomes obtained from ts261-b mutant-infected cells at 37 degrees C are not active in the synthesis of the viral polypeptides of known molecular weights, and the amounts of the mutant viral polypeptides synthesized in vitro by these polysomes are 5 to 9% of those synthesized by the corresponding fraction from wild-type-infected cells. The impaired protein-synthesizing capacity of the mutant virus-specific polysomes can be restored during maintenance of the infected cells at 30 degrees C after shift-down from 37 degrees C. The in vitro synthesis of viral polypeptides of known size by the active endogenous polysomes derived from cells infected at the permissive temperature is accelerated by the addition of the postribosomal supernatant obtained from cells infected at the permissive temperature. The postribosomal supernatant from mutant-infected cells at 37 degrees C did not have a stimulatory effect, but rather, it inhibited in vitro viral protein synthesis.

Cell-Free System↗