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Biomedical subjects

N I Chalat

Publications and source records attributed to N I Chalat.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Sir Morell Mackenzie revisited.

The story of Sir Morell Mackenzie and his famous patient, Frederick III, Crown Prince of Germany naturally divides itself into four segments: the physician, his famous patient, the illness, and its consequences both medically and historically. The circumstances of Frederick's death have affected us all. Medically, the cause of biopsy for carcinoma of the larynx was set back many years. For generations biopsy was considered unnecessary to the diagnosis. Had Frederick lived and remained Emperor, and had he encouraged Bismarck to continue a more liberal government and constitutional monarchy; had he continued the non-aggression treaty between Russia and Germany; had he honored his pledge to Queen Victoria for a "close and lasting friendship between our two nations," how different our history might have been.

England↗
PubMed1982

History of Medicine Jean Marc Gaspard Itard - 1774-1838.

Here is the history of French physician and otologist, Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (1774-1838). As physician for the Institute for Deaf Mutes in Paris, Dr. Itard became responsible for the care and civilization of the "wild boy of Aveyron," also known as, "The Wild Child" of the Truffaut movie. Their encounter became the first carefully recorded effort to train a culturally deprived individual on a one-to-one basis, or perhaps on any basis. Dr. Itard's work lead directly through Dr. Sequin and Dr. Montessori to us today. If we now stand on the threshold of restoring hearing by implantation to the totally deaf, then the results we expect and the training programs we must follow will naturally take us back to the work of this physician of the French Revolution.

France↗
PubMed1980

Some psychologic aspects of deafness: Beethoven, Goya, and Oscar Wilde.

A personal experience interested the author in the psychologic aspects of deafness early in his career. It is the purpose of this article to discuss potential clues to change in personality by comparing the work of an artist before and after this handicap. Three artists were selected: the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, the painter Francisco Goya, and the author Oscar Wilde. The article develops some concepts and suggests continued appraisal.

Deafness↗
PubMed1980

The structure of the tympanic membrane: a new concept or some thoughts on the structure of the tympanic membrane and its presentation as a dynamic organ.

We have been taught that the tympanic membrane stretches across the end of the external auditory canal as a thin, taut drumhead passively vibrated by air borne sound. Much evidence supports this conception. However, I believe the tympanic membrane is a dynamic, complicated organ that is in many situations neither passive, thin, nor flat; a serous fluid accumulates within its middle layers, and often a double-convex shape is assumed. There are several phenomena that are not adequately explained by our present interpretation of tympanic membrane structure, and these are herein enumerated. I contend that the presence of a highly mobile fluid system within the drumhead resolves these questions. The search for historic evidence to support this concept involves both Dr. H. Shrapnell and Dr. H. Helmholtz. In 1832, Shrapnell wrote two articles for the London Medical Gazette in which he discredited the theories of Home and Albinus regarding the structure of the tympanic membrane. He described the pars flaccida and speculated on its function. He noted the mucosal layer of the pars flaccida was covered with mucus, while the pars tensa had a "glistening, shiny surface." The work of Dr. Helmholtz in 1863 and 1869 is perhaps even more pertinent. In years later his calculations projected a double-convex contour of the eardrum. As he could not reconcile these calculations with his original impressions, he deferred "...special description and discussion...in order that this experiment might be better performed." It is the purpose of this article to suggest that the tympanic membrane has a variables thickness related to physiologic need, and photography and scientific works by Nillson, Stenfors, McMinn, Taylor, Lim, Graham, and others are utilized to support this contention.

Humans↗