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Biomedical subjects

N Hoshimiya

Publications and source records attributed to N Hoshimiya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems for restoration of motor function of paralyzed muscles--versatile systems and a portable system.

Multichannel functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems were developed to restore the motor functions of the paralyzed muscles, i.e. two kinds of versatile systems for laboratory use and a practical portable system were developed. The first microcomputer-based FES system was composed of an 8 bit microcomputer (PC-8801mkII) with a voice recognition board and 30 stimulation outputs, in which the voice commands were used for selecting a motion pattern, and for executing (start), (hold), (restart) and (stop) commands. In combination with the voice commands, a proportional control command detected from a head angle sensor was used for volitional control of motion. The second microcomputer-based FES system was composed of a 16 bit microcomputer (PC-9801 UV or compatible) with flexible control capabilities (e.g. respiratory sensors) for volitional control and with 64 stimulation outputs. An originally designed practical portable FES system was 89 x 145 x 31 mm in dimension and 380 g in weight. This paper describes the system configurations, the control methods of these FES systems and three examples of the clinical applications of the FES systems.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMed1991

Functional anatomical studies of the elbow movements. I. Electromyographic (EMG) analysis.

Activities of the elbow flexors and extensors during the movement of the elbow flexion and extension were analyzed in six normal human volunteers by electromyography (EMG). In the flexors, the majority of the muscles showed EMG activities during both the flexion and extension phases, although patterns and amplitudes of EMG activities varied from individual to individual. The biceps brachii always became less active when the forearm was in pronation. In the extensors, increase of EMG activities was observed at the period of the maximum elbow extension in the majority of cases, while no EMG activity was shown throughout the movement in some cases. During the elbow movement except at the maximum extension, the triceps brachii was almost inactive and some of their three heads, in particular the long head, often showed no EMG activity. In contrast, the anconeus was usually active, sometimes showing strong EMG activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Development of percutaneous intramuscular electrode for multichannel FES system.

A percutaneous intramuscular electrode was developed for controlling paralyzed extremities by FES. The electrode was made of a Teflon-coated 19 strand rope wound from ultrafine SUS 316L stainless steel wires and was helically coiled for giving high flexibility. Because of low percentages of electrode failure in the body, stable and reliable FES was achieved for a long time.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMed1989

A multichannel FES system for the restoration of motor functions in high spinal cord injury patients: a respiration-controlled system for multijoint upper extremity.

A multichannel functional electrical stimulation (FES) system for the restoration of quadriplegic upper extremity function is described. The system is composed of a personal computer NEC PC-8801mkII, peripheral electronic circuits, CRT display and respiratory sensors for volitional control by the patient, and percutaneous electrodes. A C4 quadriplegic patient could drink canned tea by herself by using this FES system. Distinct features of the system are as follows: 1) Versatile volitional control was realized by controlling the memory allocation of the stored stimulation data by voluntary respiratory signals. 2) Sophisticated fine control of the fingers, wrists, and elbow was realized by creating the multichannel stimulation data from recorded myoelectric activities of normal subjects during movements of the upper limb.

Arm↗
PubMed1987

Functional electrical stimulation for the control of the upper extremities.

A multi-channel functional electrical stimulation (FES) system for the restoration of hand function of the quadriplegic is described. The system is composed of a personal computer NEC PC-880lmkII, peripheral electronic circuits and two kinds of sensors, i.e. an analog displacement sensor for volitional control (channel 1) and a logical sensor (high pitch sound or head switch, channel 2). Combination of the two channel signals allow three major function: 1) designation of the desired prehension pattern among cylindrical grasp, key grip and parallel extension grip; 2) selection of the operation status--'start', 'proportional control', 'hold', 'stop'--and, 3) volitional control which can be controlled by the shoulder movement. In the clinical application, Caldwell-Reswick type multistrand stainless steel percutaneous electrodes were used. In this FES system, standard multi-channel stimulation patterns were obtained from electromyographical analysis of joint movement of the upper extremities in normal subjects which gave us precise information about a role of each muscle during various kinds of motion. Such stimulation patterns have enabled us to restore motor function of the paralyzed upper extremities for activities of daily living (ADL).

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed1986

Ensemble noise and current relaxation analysis of K+ current in single isolated salivary acinar cells from rat.

The K+ channel in rat parotid gland acinar cells were investigated by ensemble current noise analysis in single isolated cells employing the giga-seal whole cell current recording mode. Sets of 20-40 identical de- and hyperpolarization voltage steps were applied and the resultant current records were processed by computer to obtain the mean and the variance of the current. The time-course of the mean current could be fitted by the sum of two exponentials, suggesting a 3-state model. The simplest plausible hypothesis is a model with one open and two closed states. Assuming this model, the relationship between the variance (sigma 2) and the mean current (I) could be fitted by the function sigma 2/I = i--I/N. The estimated single channel i/V-relations were similar to those taken from single channel current recordings, and the size of the population of channels per cell (N) was 76 +/- 26 (n = 12). The validity of the model was tested by a successful simulation of the time-course of the variance.

Animals↗