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Biomedical subjects

N Horikoshi

Publications and source records attributed to N Horikoshi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Expression of the c-Ha-ras and c-myc genes in aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinomas.

Expression and activation of several c-oncogenes in seven hepatocellular carcinomas from seven separate rats treated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were examined by Northern and Southern blot analyses. Both c-Ha-ras and c-myc transcripts were elevated at high levels in all hepatomas. Moreover, in one of them, T2-1 hepatoma, the c-myc gene was amplified only in a tumor part of liver without significant rearrangement. N-ras specific transcripts were not elevated in these hepatomas. The present data suggest that the consistently increased expression or deregulation of the c-myc and c-Ha-ras genes may play an important role in the development of hepatomas induced by AFB1.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1986

[Phase II study of medroxyprogesterone acetate in advanced breast cancer].

A phase II study of high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was performed in 18 patients with advanced breast cancer. MPA was administered at a dosage of 1,200mg orally per day. Of the 15 evaluable patients, partial response was obtained in 3, minor response in 1, no change in 5 and progressive disease in 6 patients. The response rate was 20%, which was as effective as that of tamoxifen. As the responders had been previously treated with tamoxifen, the result suggested that MPA showed no cross-resistance to the latter. Eight patients (53%) experienced weight gain which, in 4 cases (27%), necessitated discontinuation of the treatment. One patient exhibited an allergic reaction and the drug was discontinued. Palpitation in 4 patients (27%), vaginal bleeding in 2 (13%), and edema in 1 (7%) were observed, but these effects were tolerable. We therefore conclude that high-dose MPA is an effective therapy for advanced breast cancer, and that further study is warranted.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Brain metastasis from breast cancer].

Thirty-seven patients with breast cancer who developed brain metastasis were analyzed. At the diagnosis of brain metastasis, all patients had widespread metastasis, and 36 patients were receiving chemotherapy. Thirty patients were treated by radiotherapy to the brain at doses of 4,000 rads. There were 6 CRs (20%) and 5 PRs (17%). The median survival time for all patients was 53 months (8-177+) from diagnosis of the primary tumor, 24 months (7-126+) from the first recurrence, and 6 months (1-47+) from diagnosis of brain metastasis. Patients who achieved CR or PR survived longer than non-responders (11+ months vs. 6 months: p less than 0.01). Several backgrounds factors were analyzed, and the results indicated that patients with better performance status survived significantly longer than those with poorer performance status (11 months vs. 4 months: p less than 0.001).

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1986

[Combination chemotherapy of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in gastrointestinal tumors].

Twenty-five patients with gastrointestinal tumors (stomach 13, colon 8, pancreas 2, liver 2) were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of CDDP (30 mg/m2/day d 1, 2) and 5-FU (500 mg/m2/day d 1-3), repeated every 3 or 4 weeks. The patients comprised 14 males and 11 females with a median age of 50 years (range 24-69), and a median performance status of 80% (range 40-100%). Thirteen patients had had prior chemotherapy. Partial response was observed in 2 patients (colon and liver), which lasted for 2 months each, respectively. No objective response was observed in 11 patients evaluable for gastric cancer. Non-hematological toxicities were nausea (92%), vomiting (56%), proteinuria (17%), transient elevation of BUN (8%), and hepatotoxicity (11%). Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 71% and 25%, respectively. However, these toxicities were mild to moderate, and generally well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Arterial infusion of combination chemotherapy consisting of adriamycin and mitomycin C for liver metastases of breast cancer].

Forty-nine patients with liver metastases of breast cancer were treated with arterial infusion involving simultaneous use of adriamycin: 30-50 mg and mitomycin C: 10-20 mg through the hepatic artery by Seldinger catheter. Of 45 evaluable patients, there were 5 complete and 12 partial responses (CR + PR: 38%), 21 no change and 7 cases of progressive disease. The median duration of response was 5 months. The median survival time was 7.5 months in all cases, 8.7 months for responders and 6.4 months for non-responders. Leukopenia less than 4 X 10(3)/mm3 was observed in 73% of cases, thrombocytopenia less than 100 X 10(3)/mm3 in 35%, and a decreased hemoglobin value of more than 2 g/dl in 4%, but these were well tolerated. Nausea (53%), vomiting (43%), fever (12%), abdominal pain (6%) and liver toxicity (2%) were observed, but these were manageable. We conclude that this arterial infusion therapy is a useful treatment modality for controlling liver metastases of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Choice of second-line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer based on the chemosensitivity assay by in vitro colony assay].

The efficacy of anticancer drugs and the development of drug resistance after chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer has been evaluated in vitro using the human tumor clonogenic assay (in vitro colony assay technique.) The rates of in vitro chemosensitivity to various anticancer drugs in untreated patients were similar or somewhat higher than the clinical efficacy reported for single clinical use of the drugs. The results of in vitro chemosensitivities to the drugs against previously treated patients showed decreased chemosensitivities to the drugs which had been used, especially adriamycin and mitomycin C. In contrast to this, in vitro chemosensitivities to 5-FU, methotrexate and L-PAM were unchanged after exposure to combination chemotherapy consisting of these drugs. This result suggests that the development of resistance to these drugs is minimal at the doses used in our protocol. The overall chemosensitivity rate for anthracyclines including adriamycin in vitro was only 5% (5/93) for previously treated patients, compared with 41% (35/83) for vinca alkaloids (p less than 0.005). This finding indicates that combination chemotherapy including vinca alkaloids is the appropriate selection for second line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer patients who have been treated previously with adriamycin.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1985

[Phase I-II study of recombinant interferon gamma].

A phase I-II study of human recombinant interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma) was conducted in patients with various advanced cancer refractory to standard chemotherapies. In the phase I study, seven patients received 14 courses of escalating doses ranging from 2 X 10(6)U/m2 to 64 X 10(6)U/m2 by 1-hour intravenous infusion for 5 consecutive days. The toxicities were high fever with chills, anorexia, occasional nausea and vomiting, elevation of serum GOT, and dose-related leukopenia and neurotoxic symptoms such as heavy fatigue with somnolence or lethargy, both of which were reversible. The pharmacokinetics showed that the peak levels of serum rIFN-gamma activity were dose-related but decreased rapidly to below measurable levels within 6 hours after infusion in patients receiving less than 12 X 10(6)U/m2. Considering these data, the dosage of rIFN-gamma 6 X 10(6) U/m2 by daily intramuscular injection for more than 4 weeks was selected for the early phase II study. There was no partial response out of 11 evaluable patients but a stable condition was observed in 2 cases of renal cell carcinoma and one case each of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. All toxicities seen were similar to those observed in the phase I study, but no tachyphylaxis developed with continued dosage. The antitumor effect of rIFN-gamma remains to be evaluated in a further study employing higher doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Case report of meningeal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer successfully treated with intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy].

A 36-year-old housewife in the U.S.A. was diagnosed as having gastric cancer with meningeal carcinomatosis and admitted to our hospital in September, 1982. She had severe headache, nausea, vomiting, diplopia and neck stiffness. She was treated by intrathecal chemotherapy using methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and prednisolone, and by systemic chemotherapy using adriamycin and ftorafur, resulting in complete disappearance of cancer cells from the cerebrospinal fluid and partial response for the primary tumor. She lived for more than 1 year following the first symptoms of her disease and for 10 months following the initiation of chemotherapy. This case suggested the usefulness of employing an intrathecal chemotherapy using methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside with simultaneous systemic chemotherapy for meningeal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Breast cancer and hematological malignancy in the same patients].

Ten women with breast cancer and hematological malignancy (nine with double malignancy and one with triple malignancy) were analyzed. Mastectomy was performed on all patients in our hospital between July 1959 and June 1982 (23 years). Diagnoses of hematological malignancy were seven acute leukemias (five AML, two AMMoL), one CML, two lymphomas and one myeloma. Irradiation and chemotherapy were postoperative treatments in eight and three patients, respectively. The median interval between the first diagnosis and the second was four years and 10 months (one year and five months to 21 years and seven months). The median survival time from the first diagnosis was five years and eight months, while that from the second was six and a half months. In a clinical setting, it is difficult to ascertain the causative factors of multiple malignancy. Accumulation of additional patients is needed for further analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[A combination chemotherapy using mitomycin C, vincristine and cisplatin (MVP) for advanced cervical cancer].

Nine patients with advanced cervical cancer were treated with a combination chemotherapy (MVP) consisting of mitomycin C 8 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8, vincristine 1 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8, and cisplatin 15 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 to 5. The regimen was repeated at 4-week intervals. Of nine patients with measurable metastatic disease, there was 1 complete response (CR), 4 partial responses (PR), and 4 with no change, with an overall response rate (CR + PR) of 56% (5/9). The median duration of responses was 6 months, ranging from 1.8 to 9.1 months. The median survival time from initiation of the chemotherapy was 11 months for responders, and 15+ months for non-responders, respectively. Patients with no prior chemotherapy had a 60% (3/5) response rate and 2 patients out of 4 who had received prior chemotherapy responded; furthermore, metastatic lesions in extrapelvic regions (lung) responded well. Leukopenia less than 3,000/mm3 occurred in 68% of cases and the median nadir was 1,900/mm3 (700-2900). Thrombocytopenia less than 10 X 10/mm3 occurred in 37% of cases and the median nadir was 5.15 X 10/mm3 (3.2-9.0). Non-hematological toxicities were nausea and vomiting, renal dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy, but these were reversible and tolerable.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

A randomized trial of chemoimmunotherapy of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults using a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation.

The effect of immunotherapy with a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation termed PSK on remission duration and survival of adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) was studied in a prospective randomized cooperative trial. After having achieved complete remission and receiving a consolidation therapy, 73 patients were randomized either to maintenance chemotherapy or to maintenance chemotherapy plus immunotherapy with PSK. Ultimately 36 patients in the chemotherapy group and 31 in the chemoimmunotherapy group were evaluable. Six months after the last entry, immunotherapy with PSK showed a borderline beneficial effect on remission duration (P = 0.089) and on duration of survival (P = 0.062). When the data were analyzed 12, 18, and 24 months after the last entry there were no significant differences in duration of remission and survival between the two groups. However, analysis of the data of patients who had maintained complete remission for more than 270 days revealed that immunotherapy had a suggestive beneficial effect (P = 0.105), prolonging the 50% remission period by 418 days (885 vs 467 days). Thus, immunotherapy with PSK seems to be active in the treatment of adult ANLL when used for maintenance therapy in combination with chemotherapy, especially in patients with a good prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[A combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, etoposide and cyclophosphamide (VEC) for small cell carcinoma of the lung].

Twenty-nine patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with a combination therapy consisting of vincristine 1 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, etoposide 200 mg/body p.o day 1-5 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 (VEC) in 3 week interval. After 2 courses of VEC, four out of 10 patients with limited disease (LD) showed a complete response (CR), while 7 out of 19 patients with extensive disease (ED) obtained a CR. Six patients with LD and 6 patients with ED received subsequent radiotherapy to primary tumors and to regional lymph nodes, and 5 with LD and 3 with ED attained a CR. Overall complete response was observed in 9 patients (90%) in LD and 10 patients (53%) in ED. The median duration of survival was 17 months in complete responders with LD and that was 12 months in those with ED. Dose limiting toxicity of the VEC regimen was leukopenia which occurred in most patients and thrombocytopenia was less frequent. Non-hematologic toxicities containing alopecia, numbness, nausea and others were acceptable and well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A randomized trial of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ftorafur (ACF) and adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ftorafur, methotrexate (ACFM) in patients with advanced breast cancer.

A prospective randomized trial was conducted comparing the clinical response of 60 patients with advanced breast cancer to a combination of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and oral ftorafur (ACF), or to a combination of ACF plus methotrexate (ACFM). The response rate was 12 of 28 (43%) in ACF and 18 of 30 (60%) in ACFM. Responses were seen more frequently in patients in whom fewer than two organs were involved, and responses at dominant metastatic sites were equal for the two arms. The response duration was 21 + (3.5-49.5+) months with ACF, as against 6.9 (1.9-30.8+) months with ACFM (P less than 0.05). The median survival time from start of therapy was 20.8+ months for ACF, while that for ACFM was 13+ months (statistically not significant). The major toxicities were hair loss, GI toxicity, and leukopenia. The response rate with ACFM was higher than that with ACF, but the addition of methotrexate to ACF did not increase the complete response rate or prolong response duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[A randomized trial of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ftorafur (ACF) and adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ftorafur, methotrexate (ACFM) in patients with advanced breast cancer].

A prospective randomized trial was conducted to compare the clinical responses of sixty patients with advanced breast cancer to a combination of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and oral ftorafur (ACF), or to a combination of ACF plus methotrexate (ACFM). The response rate was 12/28 (43%) for ACF compared with 18/30 (60%) for ACFM. Responses were seen more frequently in the cases which had less than 2 organs involved and responses of dominant metastatic sites were equal for the two arms. The duration of response for ACF was 21+ (3.5-49.5+) months as compared to 6.9 (1.9-30.8) months for ACFM (p less than 0.05). The median survival time from the start of chemotherapy for ACF was 20.8+ months, while that for ACFM was 13+ months. The major non-hematological toxicities were hair loss and GI symptoms. Hematological toxicity was similar in the two arms and manageable. No serious cardiac, renal and liver damage was seen in either arm. The response rate for ACFM was higher than that in ACF, but the addition of methotrexate to the ACF regimen did not increase complete response and prolong response duration.

Adult↗